Thesis Paper Criminology

AGONCILLO COLLEGE INC.
Poblacion, Agoncillo, Batangas
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY 1
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Research is conducted to address a particular issue. This is to be
done in a precise and systematic manner to look for new knowledge,
skills, attitudes and values, or for the re-interpretation of existing
knowledge, skills, attitudes and values. Researchers’ task is to make use
of the existing data to investigate and find results, and analyze whether
this newly gathered facts are also true to other environment.
In conducting research, researchers must be cautious. They must
allocate plenty of time to complete each stage of the activity. They must
be conscientious and need to work in the library for a certain number of
hours each week. They need to add some more hours or weeks before
the scheduled deadline because there are some things that take more
time than what is planned, and there are some stages in research work
that are more difficult than what the researchers expect. In short, there
are unexpected difficulties and problems (Trimmer, 1992) and they may
lead to academic failures. Hence, this study is conducted to investigate
the most difficult item of all the problems that the student-researchers
of Criminology students experienced at Agoncillo College Inc (ACI).
According to Logan (n.d.), any time personal problems could
occupy some of the cognitive capacity and interfere academic pursuits.
Occasionally, the best solution to a problem depends on what causes it,
in which case, one has to discover why the problem arises. But in most
cases, the best approach is simply to deal with the problem.
Most of the time, research work is found to be a tedious and very
tiring job to do; however, teachers and students cannot get away from
this work because most often this is an academic requirement.
Statement of the Problem
The study endeavored to assess the challenges experienced by
criminology students in fulfilling their degree at Agoncillo College Inc.
during school year 2017-2018.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 age;
1.2 sex; and
1.3 year level?
2. What is the extent of challenges experienced by the students in the
given areas below:
2.1 academic subjects;
2.2 tools and equipment;
2.3 academic staff; and
2.4 on-the-job training?
3. To what extent do the given factors affect the acquisition of
knowledge, skills and values of the students ?
4. What is the level of acceptance of the respondents on the offered
suggestions of the researchers to improve the instruction in the
criminology department?
Conceptual Framework
To restore life as through therapy and education or restore good
condition, operation or capacity. The rehabilitation is that people are
not permanently criminal and that is possible to restore to criminal
useful life, to a life to which they to contribute to themselves to the
society. A goal to the rehabilitation is to prevent habitual offending, also
known criminal recidivism. Rather than punishing the harm out of a
criminal into a more state of mind, or into attitude which would be
helpful to society.
This theory of punishment is based on the nation that punishment
is to be inflicted on an offender so as to reform him/her, or rehabilitate
him/her so as to make his/her re-integration into society easier.
Punishments that are in accordance with this theory or community
service, probation orders, and any form of punishment which entails
any form of guidance and after care towards the offender.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
tt -Profile of the -Assessment -

of the Recommendation
Respondents s given by the
-Challenges respondents
of the researchers to
Experiences by enchance the
Criminology challenges
they instruction in the
Students in criminology
finishing their experience in
finishing their department
degree
-Factors that degree
affect the -Assessment
acquisition of of the
knowledge, respondents
skills and values of the factors
in criminology that affect the
department acquisition of
-Suggestion knowledge,
offered to skills and
improve the values in the
instruction in criminology
criminology department
FIGURE I
Paradigm of the Study

Figure 1
Assumption of the study
The researchers cited the following assumptions:
1. The respondents will provide their most honest answer in the
questionnaire.
2. The criminology students possessed the right attitude and skills to
fulfill their requirements in finishing the degree.
3. The administration is supportive enough to provide the best and

effective student services.
Scope and Delimitation of study
This research focused on the areas of challenge experienced by
criminology students in fulfilling their degree at Agoncillo College Inc. in
Agoncillo, Batangas during School Year 2016-2017. It utilized eight
criminology students from Third and Fourth year level as respondents
and the questionnaire as the data-gathering instrument.

Significance of study
This research will be beneficial to the following people:
Criminology Students, they will be aware of the rules and
regulation of the school and the policies of their department;
Academic Personnel, the results of this inquiry would enable the
professor to know their strengths and weaknesses;
Researchers, as graduating students, the researchers in the
course of the study would gain insight and thereby pursue their degree
despite the challenges that arise.
Future Researchers, this research will be of help to them as
guidance to the areas of challenges that they should have also to
overcome.
Definition of Terms
For a better and clearer understanding of this study, the following
terms were conceptually and operationally defined:

Academic Staff. This includes personnel whose primary
assignment is instruction, research, or public service.
Academic Subject. This refers to the major subjects which the
students must have to finish in fulfilling a degree in criminology.
Areas of Challenges. These are the four areas where the
students experiences challenges in criminology department.
Criminalistics. This refers to scientific test or techniques used in
connection with the detection of crime forensics.
Correctional Administration. It is a program that prepares
individuals to plan and manage institutional facilities and programs for
housing and rehabilitating prisoners in the public and/or private
sectors.
Criminal Jurisprudence. It is a fundamental study of criminal
law.
Crime Detection and Investigation. It deals with the study of
specific crimes and the application of the fundamental tools of
investigative works.
On-the-JobTraining. It deals with utilizing the students to
enhance their skills in different aspects and nature of law enforcement
works.
Tools and Equipment. It deals with the different scientific aid in
the solution of criminal problems.

Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Related Literature
Foreign
According to Jerome Hall, 1933 the central problem in
criminology is that of the causes of crime; accordingly the significance of
criminological knowledge depends upon the ability of this knowledge to
solve the etiological problem.
In this study criminology students should be aware and flexible in
investigation to avoid bias situation, also must know the rules and
regulation.
Say Professors Michael and Adler: “The body of knowledge called
criminology does not contain a single scientific proposition.” Many
students would classify this field of study as interesting and not difficult
at all. The course includes several intriguing subjects such as forensic,
criminal psychology, human behavior and crisis management, criminal
investigation, accidents investigation, arson, crime organizations, drugs,

criminal procedures, defense tactics and more. Even the 2-phased
practicum is highly anticipated by the graduating students due to its
social relevance.
Most foreign students undergo a similar experience their arrival
in a new country, although may react differentially to it. The foreign
student among strangers with strange ideas, unpredictable new ways of
judging him. His self-image is as stake, and may be subject to drastic
revision at the hand of his new associates. This is perhaps true of any
marked change revue, where the assignment of status by new scribes is
highly important. It would not be as true. The foreign has a special kind
of adjustment to make. He must handle the introduction of a new or
newly important, criterion of status, that of nationality.
For most students, who have lived in one country all their lives,
nationality is not one of the criteria with which day are judged by
relevant fellow countryman nor that is usually play an important role in
the formation of their self-esteem picture. There maybe sort of
generalized ethnocentrism, particularly in those countries where there

is heightened political or economic awareness of national status
position.
While homogeneous social elites filled European academics, West
point required cadets of diverse backgrounds and used discipline to
mold them into a unified cadet corps. In 1906, echoing social Darwinism
and G. Stanley influential work, a West Point instructor argued that at
the period of adolescence, when character is plastic and impulse
wayward, control and constraint are the essential forces for impressing
permanent form upon young manhood. To this late Victorian pedagogy,
West Point added its own particular innovation a cadet tradition of
harsh initiation called hazing. A future general who entered in 1913
recalled that he was immediately plunged into the ordeal which faces
every plebe the six weeks of rigorous mental, physical and spiritual
testing known as beast barracks. By the 1920s, West Point had
developed a distinctive curriculum that tried to discipline by drill,
toughen with sport, test by hazing, educate by daily recitation, and
refine with drama, debating, and dancing. By adapting this system, the
PMA would attempt, through isolation and indoctrination, to server the

primary ties of loyalty bound up Filipino society and socialize cadets
values that would make them servants of state power.
Galiber (2006) and darling (2005),used GPA to measure the
student performance because the main focus in the student
performance for the particular semester. Some other researchers used
test results or previous year result since they are studying performance
for the specific subject or year (Hijazi and Naqvi, 2006 and
Hake,1998.)Many researchers have discussed the different factors that
affect the student academic performance in their research. There are
two types of factors that affect the students’ academic performance.
These are internal and external classroom factors and these strongly
affect the students’ performance. Internal classroom factors includes
students competence in English, class students, class size, English text
books, class test results, learning facilities, homework, environment of
the class, complexity of the course material, teachers role in the class,
technology used in class and exams systems. External classroom factors
include extracurricular activities, family problems, work and financial
and other problems. Research studies shows that students’ performance

depends on many factors such as learning facilities, gender and age
differences, etc. that can affect student performance (Hanzen, Joe B.,
2000). Harb and El- Shaarawi (2006) found the most important factor
with positive affect on students’ performance is Parental Involvement.
Local Literature
Written with Dr. Michael Aguirre Clores of the department of
Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ateneo
de Naga University, presents case studies in the interaction between
students’ understanding and belief learning the theory of evolution.
Constructivist theory argues the belief and understanding are
separate but interrelated aspects in the learning process. Results
revealed that students position about the theory of evolution and
patterns of understanding varied: (a) misconceptions or lack of
understanding affecting the belief; (b) cascade of conceptual change that
was complicated by belief; (c) rejection of the theory due to challenged
religious belief and potential to understand evolutionary theory despite
resistance to believe in the theory; (d) remaining skeptical about the
theory due to ambivalence that emanated from his conflicting

theological and scientific beliefs and misconception he held about
human evolution, and (e) prior beliefs and concepts that were
commensurate to the accepted scientific concepts and beliefs about the
evolution made learning evolution less complicated. We conclude that
the Filipino students belief affect their ability to understand the theory
of evolution and vice-versa. The strategic nature of learning requires
students to be goal directed. To construct useful representations of
knowledge and to acquire the thinking and learning strategies
necessary for continued learning success across the life span, students
must generate and pursue personally relevant goals. Initially, students
short-term goals and learning may be sketchy in an area, but over time
their understanding can be refined by filling gaps, resolving
inconsistence, and deepening their understanding of the subject matter
so that they can reach longer-term goals. Educators can assist learners
in creating meaningful learning goals that are consistent with both
personal and educational aspirations and interests. (Soledad Esplanada
1996.)
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES
Research Method
The descriptive research design was used in this study. It was
used because this method describe and interpret a certain object and
situation. In this study, the researchers assess the areas of challenges
experienced by criminology students of Agoncillo College Inc. through
the structured questionnaire.
Sources of data
There are two sources of data; the primary sources was taken
from the answers to the survey questionnaire of the criminology
students of ACI. The secondary source was taken from various reference
materials such as books, journal article, station journal and online
resources.
Respondents of the Study
To make the study comprehensive and valid, the researchers
included the eight Criminology students at ACI as the respondents of the
study.
Setting of the study
The study was conducted at the Agoncillo College Inc and is
located at Poblacion, Agoncillo, Batangas. In this school, the population
of students taking up Criminology course comprised of 8 students, 4
from Fourth Year and 4 from First year.
Research Instrument
The main data gathering tool used is the structured questionnaire
formulated by the researchers. A supplementary interview was
conducted to the OIC of Criminology at ACI to substantiate the data
given by the respondents.
Data -Gathering Procedure. The researchers were able to gather
data upon distributing questionnaire that had been approved by their
adviser. The questionnaire was administered personally to the
Criminology students of the ACI who were the main respondents of the
study. They were briefly informed about the purpose of the research
which is to know the Difficulties Experienced by Criminology Students
at Agoncillo College Incorporated.

The researchers assured the respondents that their answers will
be held in full confidentiality and will only be used for the sole purpose
of the research. The data gathered were collected, tabulated and analyze
using simple statistical tools with the help of a statistican.
Scoring and Interpretation of Data
The items in the questionnaire were scored using the Likert Scale
with 5 options. The highest score was five (5) while the lowest score
was one (1).
A verbal description was provided for the ease of interpretation
and understanding of the gathered data.
For problems nos. 2 and 3, which pertained on the challenges
experienced by criminology students at Agoncillo College Inc., the ff.
scales were used:
Weight Interval Verbal Interpretation
5 4.5-5.00 Very Great Extent
4 3.5-4.49 Great Extent
3 2.5-3.49 Moderate Extent
2 1.5-2.49 Less Extent

1 1.0-1.49 No Extent
And for problems no. 4 which dealt on the on the level of
acceptance of the respondents on the suggestions offered of the
researchers.
Weight Interval Verbal Interpretation
5 4.5-5.00 Very Much Accepted
4 3.5-4.49 Much Accepted
3 2.5-3.49 Moderately Accepted
2 1.5-2.49 Less Accepted
1 1.0-1.49 Not Accepted
Statistical Treatment of the Data
The data were tabulated and treated using the following statistical
tools with their corresponding formulas.
A. Percentage. It was used to account for the quantitative
relation of a portion of the respondents with the total
population using the formula below.

𝑭
P= 𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑵
Where:
P-Percentage
F-Frequency
N-Number of respondents
100-Constant
B. Weighted Mean- This was used to determine the extent of the
areas challenges experienced by Criminology students in fulfilling their
degree in criminology.
WM=Ʃfx
N
Where:
WM- Weighted Mean
Ʃ- Sum of
Ƒ- Frequency in each option

x- weight point of each point
Ʃf- The sum of the products of frequency and weight
N- Total number of respondents
C. Ranking. This was employed to determine the importance of
responses with the use of frequency count, percentage and ranking of
obtained weighted mean.

CHAPTER IV
PRESNTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
1. Profile of the Respondents
1.1 Age. Table 1 presents the distribution of Respondents
according by Age.
Table 1
Distribution of Respondents by Age
Age Frequency Percentage

18-24 years old 8 100 %
Total 8 100 %
Table 1 shows that 8 or 100 percent belong to 18-24 years old.
Majority of the respondents were ages 18-24 years old.
1.2 Sex. The distribution of respondents by sex is presented by
table 2.
Table 2.
Distribution of Respondents According to Gender
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 7 80 %
Female 1 20 %
Total 8 100 %
This table presented that were 7 or 80 percent are male and 1 or
20 percent is female.
1.1 Year level. Table 3 manifest the distribution of respondents
by year level.
Table 3
Distribution of Respondents According to Year level
Year level Frequency Percentage

Fourth year 4 50 %
Third year 4 50 %
Total 8 100 %
This table revealed that there was an equal number of
respondents of third and fourth year level strudents.

2. Challenges experienced by Criminology students in their course
to finish their degree. Table 4 presents the extent of challenges
experienced by the criminology students in terms of academic subjects.
Table 4
ACADEMIC SUBJECTS
Academic Subjects WM VI Rank

1. Major 1
4.10 GE 3
Criminalistics
2. Major 2
4.40 GE 2
Correctional
3. Major 3
4.75 VGE 1
Criminal Jurisprudence and procedure
4. Major 4
4.05 GE 4
Crime Detection and Investigation
Average Weighted Mean 4.33
VGE- Very Great Extent GE- Great Extent
This table above manifested that the criminology students
experienced challenges to a great extent as evinced by the average
weighted mean of 4.33. First in the rank was the criminal jurisprudence
and procedure with a weighted mean of 4.75. This explained that they
needed more time and focus to master criminal law books 1 and 2, and
criminal evidence and course testimony.

Moreover, the second in the rank was correctional administration
with a computed mean of 4.40 and was at a great extent. Students
should be given inputs lecture, drills and the like regarding prison
administration, duties and responsibilities and its rules and regulation.
Third in the rank was criminalistics with a weighted mean of 4.10
and was at a great extent. They were challenged about the nature and
background of forensic ballistic, forensic chemistry and polygraphy (lie
detection).
Lastly, the fourth in the rank was crime detection and
investigation with a weighted mean of 4.05. Students were challenge to
a great extent about police patrol operation, criminal investigation and
special crime investigation.
As a whole , the major challenge faced by the students in terms of
academic subjects was the criminal jurisprudence and procedure. This
implied that the faculty and staff should provide the necessary
knowledge, skills and training foe future police to master the legal
issues and matter of criminal justice system.

2.2 Tools and Equipment. Table 5 presents the challenges
experienced by criminology students in terms of tools and equipment.
Table 5
Challenges in Tools and Equipment
Availability of tools and equipment WM VI Rank

1. Fire arms and Ammunition 4.58 GE 2
2. Microscope, Fingerprint Kits 4.20 GE 4
3.Camera, Police Cordon 4.08 VGE 5
4. Photo Enlarger, Fingerprint Solution 4.30 GE 3
5. Firing Range, Computer Room and Science 4.82 VGE 1
Laboratory
Average Weighted Mean 4.40 GE

The average weighted mean of 4.40 indicated that the students
experienced the challenges to a great extent in terms of the availability
of tools and equipment. The first in the rank was the firing range,
computer room and science laboratory with a weighted mean of 4.82
and was experienced to very great extent. This divulged that the
physical facilities and equipment were very much necessary in the
application of them and concepts from lectures and discussion.
Further, the second was the availability of firearms and
ammunition with a weighted mean of 4.58. The third was the

availability of photo enlarger and fingerprint solution with 4.30
weighted mean.
However, the last in the rank was the camera and police cordon
with 4.08 weighted mean. This was experienced by the students to a
great extent which revealed that they needed to used there tools to
familiarize themselves that the purpose and usage of these tools.
2.3 Academic Staff. Table 6 manifests the extent of challenges
experience by criminology students in terms of academic staff.
Table 6
Challenges in Academic Staff
Challenges in Academic Staff WM VI Rank

1. Educational Qualification 4.92 VGE 1
2. Seminar Training Attended 4.61 VGE 3
3.Time and Schedule of the Faculty 4.24 GE 4
4. Skills and Competences 4.03 GE 5
5. Hard work, Dedication and Commitment 4.78 VGE 2
Average Weighted Mean 4.52 VGE

It was revealed that challenges in terms of academic staff was
experienced by the students to a very great extent. The educational
qualification of staff ranked first as it gathered a weighted mean of 4.92.
This implied to that students also would want their field. Second in in
the rank was hard work dedication and commitment exerted by the
instruction, third was the seminar and trainings attended with 4.78 and
4.61 respectively.
The last in the rank as assessed by the students was skills and
competencies manifested by their instruction in teaching them
academic and major subjects with a weighted mean of 4.03. This result
further revealed that instructions should have the necessary and
enough skills and competence in teaching the subject areas.
Conclusively, the challenges when it comes to academic staff was
experienced by the teacher to a very great extent.
2.4 On-the-Job Training. The extent of challenges experienced by
criminology students in terms of on-the-job training is reflected in table
7.
The criminology students experienced the challenges in terms of
on-the-job training to a great extent with a weighted mean of 4.35. Rank
one was the quality and quantity of activities, and skills acquired in the
training area with weighted mean of 4.89 and was experienced by them
to a very great extent. This denoted the fat that the internship was vital
is the application of the knowledge acquired in the classroom.
Rank last was the location and distance of the training area with a
weighted mean of 3.88. This divulged that the site field affected the
productivity of the trainees to a great extent.
Table 7
Challenges is On-the-Job-Training
Challenges in on-the-job-training WM VI Rank

1. The quality and quantity of activities, skills
4.89 VGE 1
acquired in training area
2. The accommodation given by the training
4.66 VGE 3
officer and staff in the training area
3.The location and distance of the training area 3.88 GE 5
4. The support of the school administration 4.11 GE 4
5. The personnel attitude, the trainee to stress
4.23 VGE 3
and pressure management
Average Weighted Mean 4.35 VGE
Rank last was the location and distance of the training area with a
weighted mean of 3.88. This divulged that the site field affected the
productivity of the trainees to a great extent.

Summary of the Challenges Experienced by the Criminology
Students. Table 8 denotes the summary of the challenges experienced
by the criminology students.
Table 8
Summary of the Challenges Experienced
by the Criminology students
Areas of Challenges WM VI Rank
1. Academic subjects 4.33 GE 4
2. Tools and equipment 4.40 GE 2
3.Academic staff 4.52 VGE 1
4. On-the-job training 4.35 GE 3
Over- All Average Weighted Mean 4.40 GE
The table disclosed that the academic staff was the first challenges
experienced by the students is finishing their degree with an average
weighted mean of 4.52 and was at a very great extent. The second was
the tools and equipment, the third was the on-the-job training with 4.40
and 4.35 weighted mean respectively.
The last in the rank was the academic subjects with 4.33 weighted
mean and was experienced to a great extent.

As a whole, the over-all weighted mean of 4.40 disclosed that the
students experienced the challenges to a great extent.
3. Factors that affect the acquisition of knowledge, skills and values
of students in the criminology department. The factors that affected
the acquisition of Knowledge, skills and values were presented in table
9.
Table 9
Factors that Affect the Acquisition Of
Knowledge, Skills and Values
Factors that Affect the Acquisition of (KSV) WM VI Rank
1. Lack of references like books and other 4.58 VGE 1
teaching materials
2.Lack of Facilities
4.42 GE 2
e.g. laboratory and training room
3.Non-conducive room due too lack of cooling 4.04 GE 4
system
4. Time constraints 4.25 GE 3
e.g. conflict o other schedules
5. School contribution and miscelleneous fees 4.00 GE 5
6. Limited source of financial support 3.48 GE 6
7. Plenty of household chores 3.44 GE 7
8. Emotional problem 3.37 GE 8
9. Family relation 3.30 GE 9
10. Poor or slow means of transportation 3.19 GE 10
Over- All Average Weighted Mean 3.81 GE

The respondents assessed the effects of the given factors in their
acquisition of knowledge, skills and values to a great extent as
evidenced by the average weighted mean of 3.81. First in the rank was
the lack of reading references and other print materials with a weighted
mean of 4.58 with a verbal interpretation of very great extent. This
made clear that the reading and research materials were very
significant to be found in the library or in the internet to improve the
knowledge and skills of the students in criminology.
Second in the rank was the lack of facilities, third was time
constraints, fourth was non-conducive rooms due to lack of cooling
systems, fifth was the school contribution and miscellaneous fees with
weighted means of 4.42, 4.25, 4.04 and 4.00 respectively.
However, the ninth in the rank was family relations with a weighted
mean of 3.30 and the tenth in the rank was poor or slow means of
transportation. These findings explicated that the distance and location
of the school was a hindering factor for the students to fulfill their
requirements in criminology.
4. Suggestions offered to lessen the challenges and factors
experienced by criminology students. Table 10 presented the
suggestions offered to lessen the challenges and factors experienced
by criminology students.
Table 10
Suggestions offered to lessen the challenges and factors
experienced by criminology students
Suggestions Offered WM VI Rank
1. Provide more references books and other 4.97 VMA 1.5
learning materials
2. Construct learning facilities 4.97 VMA 1.5
3. Expand classrooms and stall cooling system 4.40 MA 8
4. Fix schedules 4.92 VMA 3.5
5. Apply for scholarships 4.84 VMA 10
6. Take part-time jobs 4.92 VMA 3.5
7. Time management 4.51 VMA 7
8. Avoid social distractions 4.90 VMA 5
9.Establish a clear communication between you 4.65 VMA 6
and your family
10. Finding the right learning style for you 4.86 VMA 9
Average Weighted Mean 4.79 VMA
VMA- Very Much Accepted MA- Much Accepted

The respondents very much accepted the suggestions offered by
the researchers as denoted by the average weighted mean of 4.79.
Foremost in the rank was providing more reference books and other
materials and constructing learning facilities with a weighted mean of
4.97 respectively and was very much accepted by the respondents.
Third was fixing schedule and taking part-time job weighted mean
of 4.92. This denoted that respondents all agreed that the school should
improve the physical facilities of the criminology department.
The ninth in the rank was finding the right learning style for the
student with a weighted mean of 4.86 and was very much accepted by
the respondents. The last in the rank was applying for scholarships with
a weighted mean of 4.84.
Generally, the respondents all agreed that they very much
accepted the suggestions offered by the researchers as revealed by the
average weighted mean of 4.79.

Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The study endeavored to assess the challenges experienced by
students in fulfilling their requirements in criminology at Agoncillo
College Inc. in Agoncillo, Batangas during school year 2017-2018.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1 What was the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 age;
1.2 sex; and
1.3 year level?
2 What was the extent of challenges experienced by the students in
the given areas below:
2.1 academic subjects;
2.2 tools and equipment;
2.3 academic staff; and
2.4 on-the-job training?

3 To what extent did the given factors affect the acquisition of
knowledge, skills and values of the students in fulfilling their
requirements in criminology?
4 What was the level of acceptance of the respondents on the
offered suggestions of the researchers to improve the instruction
in the criminology department?
Respondents and Procedures
The study involved eight criminology students. Four of them were
third year and the other four were fourth year level students. It used the
descriptive method of research and the questionnaire as the sole data-
gathering instrument. The statistical tools utilized were frequency,
percentage, weighted mean and ranking.
Summary of Findings
1. Profile of the Respondents
1.1 Age. Eight or 100 percent of the respondents where within
the age bracket of 18-24 years old.

1.2 Sex. There were seven or 80 percent male respondents and one
or 20 percent was female.
1.3 Year Level. There were four or 50 percent were third year
level students and another four or 50 percent were fourth year level
students.
2. Challenges Experience by Students in Fulfilling their
Requirements in Criminology.
2.1 Academic Subjects. It came out that that the foremost in the
rank was the criminal jurisprudence and procedure with a weighted
mean of 4.75. This denoted that they needed much time, lecture and
discussions to read and study criminal law books 1 and 2, and the
nature and characteristics of criminal evidence and significance of court
testimonies. However, the least in the rank was the crime detection and
investigation with a weighted mean of 4.05. The students were
challenged to a great extent about the importance of patrol operation,
the scope of criminal investigation and the practices of special crime
investigation.
As a whole, the major challenge that confronted in this area was
concepts, theories and practices of criminal jurisprudence and
procedure
2.2 Tools and Equipment. The challenges experienced by the
respondents in this area were assessed to a great extent as evinced by
its average weighted mean of 4.40. The first in the rank was the
availability of firing range, computer room and science laboratory with
a weighted mean of 4.82 with a verbal interpretation of very great
extent. This divulged that the physical facilities of the school for the
criminology department was somewhat lacking and inadequate for the
use of the students which was essential for the application of theories
and concept acquired from the lectures and discussions. Whereas, the
last in the rank was the availability of camera and police cordon with
4.08 weighted mean. This was experienced by the respondents to a
great extent which revealed that they had no much exposure in the
technicalities and uses of camera and photography in crime
investigation and prevention.

2.3 Academic Staff. The findings denoted that the respondents
experienced the challenges in terms of academic staff to a very great
extent as supported by the average weighted mean of 4.52. Topmost in
the rank was the educational qualification of the teaching staff with a
weighted mean of 4.92. This explicated that students also preferred
their instructors and mentors to be educationally qualified in their
chosen field. While, the lowermost in he rank was the skills and
competencies possessed by the instructors to teach a major subject in
criminology with a 4.03 weighted mean. This had shown that the
teaching staff should continue to improve and update their expertise in
order to dispense the most out of every major subject.
2.4 On-the- Job training. The criminology students experienced
the challenges in terms of on-the-job training to a great extent with a
weighted mean of 4.35. Rank one was the quality and quantity of wok,
activities, skills acquired in the training area with a weighted mean of
4.89 and was interpreted to very great extent. This denoted that they
assessed the importance and quality of internship training in their
assigned training area. Rank last was the location and site with a
weighted mean of 3.88 . This evinced that the training field affected the
motivation, enthusiasm and productivity of the trainee to a great extent.
Summary of the Challenges Experienced by the Criminology
Students. The study revealed that topmost of the challenges
experienced by the students was in terms of academic staff with the
highest weighted mean of 4.52 and was interpreted to a very great
extent. The second challenge was the availability of tools and equipment
in the criminology department and the third was the on-the-job training
with average weighted mean of 4.40 and 4.35 respectively. Lowermost
in the rank was the delivery of instruction of the academic subjects in
criminology.
Generally, the over-all average weighted mean of 4.40 disclosed that
the students experienced the challenges to a great extent.
3. Factors that Affect The Acquisition of Knowledge, Skills and
Values of Students in the Criminology Department. The respondents
assessed the effects of the given factors in their acquisition of
knowledge, skills and values to a great extent as evidenced by the
average weighted mean of 3.81. First in the rank was the lack of reading
references and other print materials with a weighted mean of 4.58 with
a verbal interpretation of very great extent. This made clear that the
reading and research materials were very significant to be found in the
library or in the internet to improve the knowledge and skills of the
students in criminology. Second in the rank was the lack of facilities,
third was time constraints, fourth was non-conducive rooms due to lack
of cooling systems, fifth was the school contribution and miscellaneous
fees with weighted means of 4.42, 4.25, 4.04 and 4.00 respectively.
However, the ninth in the rank was family relations with a weighted
mean of 3.30 and the tenth in the rank was poor or slow means of
transportation. These findings explicated that the distance and location
of the school was a hindering factor for the students to fulfill their
requirements in criminology.
4. Suggestions offered to Lessen the Challenges and Factors
experienced by Criminology Students. The study revealed that the
respondents very much accepted the suggestions offered by the
researchers as supported by the average weighted mean 0f 4.79.
Foremost in the rank were providing more reference books and other
materials and constructing learning facilities with equal weighted mean
of 4.97. Third was fixing schedules and taking part-time jobs with a
weighted mean of 4.92. This denoted that respondents all agreed that
the school should improve the physical facilities of the criminology
department. The ninth in the rank was finding the right learning style
for the students with a weighted mean of 4.86 and was very much
accepted by the respondents. The last in the rank was applying for
scholarship with a weighted mean of 4.84. Generally, the respondents
all agreed that they accepted very much the the suggestions offered by
the researchers as revealed by the average weighted mean of 4.79.
Conclusions
The following conclusions were drawn after the analysis of the
findings revealed in this study:
1. The respondents were within the age bracket of 18-24 years old,
males and were from third and fourth year level.
2. The criminology students experienced the challenges in fulfilling
their requirement to a great extent.

3. The factors affected them to a great extent in acquiring the
knowledge, skills and values.
4. The suggestions offered by the researchers to lessen the
challenges and factors were very much accepted by the respondents.
Recommendations:
In light of the conclusions drawn, the researchers offered the
following recommendations:
1. The administration is encouraged to purchase the tools and
equipment needed in every major subject in criminology.
2. The school library should be available with different resource
materials for criminal jurisprudence and procedure.
3. The academic staff are also encouraged to continue develop
themselves personally and professionally in order to dispense the
appropriate and updated knowledge and skills in criminology.
4. There should at least be a construction of other learning facilities.

5. The school is advised also to coordinate with different groups or
organizations which could allow or permit their facilities to be used in
training for basic skills in firing, photography and investigation.

Bibliographies
1. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1018382
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/foreign-student
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/local-student
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data:
Name: Saturnino M. Austria
Email: saturninoaustria@yahoo.com
Address: Brgy. Banyaga, Agoncillo, Batangas
Date of Birth: November 29, 1998
Age: 20
Place of Birth: BrgyBanyagaAgon. Batangas
Citizenship: Filipino
Civil Status: Single
Parents: Calexto Austria
Lourdes Austria
Religion: Roman Catholic
Dialects: English, Filipino
Educational Background:
Tertiary: Agoncillo College Inc.
Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Present (2018-2019)
W2 Secondary: Banyaga National HIghschool

Brgy. BanyagaAgon. Batangas
(2014-2015)
Elementary: Banyaga Elem. School

Brgy. Banyaga, Agon. Batangas
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data:
Name: Jerecho M. Salde
Email: jerechosalde@yahoo.com
Address: Brgy. Poblacion, Agoncillo, Batangas
Date of Birth: December 01, 1998
Age: 20
Place of Birth: Makati City
Parents: Rex L. Salde
Jennifer M. Salde
Present (2018-2019)
W2 Secondary: San Jose National Highschool

Brgy. BagongSikat, San Jose Occ. Mindoro
(2014-2015)
Elementary: San Roque I Elem. School

Purok II-A San Jose Occ. Mindoro
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data:
Name: Jerome M. Tuazon
Email: tuazonjerome.15@gmail.com
Address: Brgy. Subic Ilaya, Agoncillo, Batangas
Date of Birth: December 07, 1997
Age: 21
Place of Birth: Batangas
Parents: Tito L. Tuazon
Julie M. Tuazon
Present (2018-2019)
W2 Secondary: Agoncillo, National Highschool

Brgy. Subic IlayaAgon. Batangas
(2013-2014)
Elementary: Subic Elem. School

Brgy Subic Ibaba, Agon. Batangas
Agoncillo College Incorporated

PoblacionAgoncilloBatangas
November_____,2018
Dear Ma’am/Sir:
Greetings from the good name of the Lord!
The undersigned are criminology students of Agoncillo College Inc. who are
presently conducting a study entitled, “Difficulties experienced by Criminology
students at Agoncillo College Incorporated” as part of the requirements for
bachelor Degree in Criminology.
In view of this, we would like to ask your assistance to help us by providing

responses to our questionnaire.
Rest assured that your responses will be kept confidential
Thank you very much and more power.
Respectfully,
SATURNINO M. AUSTRIA
JERECHO M. SALDE
JEROME M. TUAZON
Researchers
Recommending approval
REIMAR A. CORNEJO, M.A.Ed.

Thesis Adviser
GREGORIA C. CABILES, Ed. D.

Dean of Colleges
QUESTIONAIRE
Direction: Please put a check in line where your profile fits:
1. Demographic Profile of the Respondent.
1.1 Age
_____25-30 years old
_____18-24 years old
1.2 Sex
_____male
_____female
1.3 Year level

_____fourth year
_____third year
_____second year
_____first year
2.Challenges experienced by Criminology students in their course
to finish their degree. Table 4 presents the extent of challenges
experienced by the criminology students in terms of academic subjects.
Table 4
Learning Activities
WEIGHT VERBAL INTERPRETATION SYMBOL
5 Very Great Extent VGE
4 Great Extent GE
3 Moderate Extent ME
2 Less Extent LE
1 No Extent NE
Academic Subjects 5 4 3 2 1
1. Major 1
Criminalistics
2. Major 2
Correctional
3. Major 3
Criminal Jurisprudence and procedure
4. Major 4
Crime Detection and Investigation
2.2 Tools and Equipment. Table 5 presents the challenges
experienced by criminology students in terms of tools and equipment.
Table 5
Challenges in Tools and Equipment
WEIGHT VERBAL INTERPRETATION SYMBOL
5 Very Great Extent VGE
4 Great Extent GE
3 Moderate Extent ME
2 Less Extent LE
1 No Extent NE
Availability of tools and equipment 5 4 3 2 1

1. Fire arms and Ammunition
2. Microscope, Fingerprint Kits
3.Camera, Police Cordon
4. Photo Enlarger, Fingerprint Solution
5. Firing Range, Computer Room and
Science Laboratory
2.3 Academic Staff. Table 6 manifests the extent of challenges
experience by criminology students in terms of academic staff.
Table 6
Challenges in Academic Staff
Challenges in Academic Staff 5 4 3 2 1

1. Educational Qualification
2. Seminar Training Attended
3.Time and Schedule of the Faculty
4. Skills and Competences
5. Hard work, Dedication and Commitment
2.4 On-the-Job Training. The extent of challenges experienced by
criminology students is affected is table 7.
Table 7
Challenges is on-the-job-training
Challenges is on-the-job-training 5 4 3 2 1
1. The quality and quantity of activities, skills
acquired in training area
2. The accommodation given by the training
officer and staff in the training area
3.The location and distance of the training area
4. The support of the school administration
5. The personnel attitude, the trainee to stress
and pressure management
3. Factors that affect the acquisition of knowledge, skills and values
of students in the criminology department. The factors that affected
the acquisition of Knowledge, skills and values were presented in table
9.
Table 8
Factors that Affect the Acquisition Of
Knowledge, Skills and Values
Factors that Affect the Acquisition of 2 1
(KSV) 5 4 3
1. Lack of references like books and other
teaching materials
2.Lack of Facilities
e.g. laboratory and training room

3.Non-conducive room due too lack of
cooling system
4. Time constraints
e.g. conflict o other schedules
5. School contribution and miscelleneous
fees
6. Limited source of financial support
7. Plenty of household chores
8. Emotional problem
9. Family relation
10. Poor or slow means of transportation
5. Suggestions offered to lessen the challenges and factors
experienced by criminology students. Table 10 presented the
suggestions offered to lessen the challenges and factors experienced
by criminology students.
Weight Interval Verbal Interpretation SYMBOL
5 Very Much Accepted VMA
4 Much Accepted MA
3 Moderately Accepted MA
2 Less Accepted LA
1 Not Accepted NA
Table 9
Suggestions offered to lessen the challenges and factors
experienced by criminology students
Suggestions Offered 5 4 3 2 1
1. Provide more references books and other
learning materials
2. Construct learning facilities
3. Expand classrooms and stall cooling
system
4. Fix schedules
5. Apply for scholarships
6. Take part-time jobs
7. Time management
8. Avoid social distractions
9.Establish a clear communication between
you and your family
10. Finding the right learning style for you
Thank you for your cooperation!


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AGONCILLO COLLEGE INC.

Poblacion, Agoncillo, Batangas

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Research is conducted to address a particular issue. This is to be

done in a precise and systematic manner to look for new knowledge,

skills, attitudes and values, or for the re-interpretation of existing

knowledge, skills, attitudes and values. Researchers’ task is to make use

this newly gathered facts are also true to other environment.

In conducting research, researchers must be cautious. They must

be conscientious and need to work in the library for a certain number of

lead to academic failures. Hence, this study is conducted to investigate

of Criminology students experienced at Agoncillo College Inc (ACI).

According to Logan (n.d.), any time personal problems could

occupy some of the cognitive capacity and interfere academic pursuits.

Occasionally, the best solution to a problem depends on what causes it,

cases, the best approach is simply to deal with the problem.

Most of the time, research work is found to be a tedious and very

this work because most often this is an academic requirement.

Statement of the Problem

The study endeavored to assess the challenges experienced by

criminology students in fulfilling their degree at Agoncillo College Inc.

during school year 2017-2018.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.2 sex; and

1.3 year level?

2. What is the extent of challenges experienced by the students in the

given areas below:

2.1 academic subjects;

2.2 tools and equipment;

2.3 academic staff; and

2.4 on-the-job training?

3. To what extent do the given factors affect the acquisition of

knowledge, skills and values of the students ?

4. What is the level of acceptance of the respondents on the offered

suggestions of the researchers to improve the instruction in the

To restore life as through therapy and education or restore good

condition, operation or capacity. The rehabilitation is that people are

not permanently criminal and that is possible to restore to criminal

useful life, to a life to which they to contribute to themselves to the

society. A goal to the rehabilitation is to prevent habitual offending, also

known criminal recidivism. Rather than punishing the harm out of a

criminal into a more state of mind, or into attitude which would be

This theory of punishment is based on the nation that punishment

is to be inflicted on an offender so as to reform him/her, or rehabilitate

him/her so as to make his/her re-integration into society easier.

Punishments that are in accordance with this theory or community

service, probation orders, and any form of punishment which entails

any form of guidance and after care towards the offender.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

tt -Profile of the -Assessment -

Paradigm of the Study

Assumption of the study

The researchers cited the following assumptions:

1. The respondents will provide their most honest answer in the

2. The criminology students possessed the right attitude and skills to