ENGLISH PAPER

REPORTED SPEECH AND REPORTING VERB

GROUP 9
 MUHAMMAD SYAFIQRI HILMAN (11180980000026)
ARVIAN
 ABDULLAH MUAFA NADHIF (11180980000025)
 SENTANU PRAMUDYA DHARMA (11180980000028)

PRODI TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN

FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA
2018
 PREFACE

First at all, give thanks for God’s love and grace for us. Thanks to
God for helping and give us chance to finish this assignment timely, that
paper entitled “Reported Speech & Reporting Verb”.

I would like to say thank you to Mrs. Dien Mardiana, S.S., M.Pd. as
lecturer in English subject that always teaches us and give much
knowledge about how to practice English well.

In arranging this paper, we truly get lots challenges and obstructions

but with help of many individuals, those obstructions could pass. We also
realized there are still many mistakes in process of writing this paper.
Because of that, we would like to say thank you to all individuals who
helps in the process of writing this paper. Hopefully Allah replies all helps
and blesses you all.

We realized that this paper still imperfect in arrangement and the

content. But we hope it can be useful for us. Critics and suggestion is
needed here to make this assignment be better. Hopefully this paper can
help the readers to expand their knowledge about English reading. Thank
you.

Ciputat, November 2018

Group 9

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE ............................................................................................................... ii

TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................... iii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 1

A. Background of The Paper ................................................................................ 1

B. Problem Formulation ....................................................................................... 2

C. Purpose and Intention ...................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION ................................................................................... 3

A. Reported Speech ............................................................................................. 3

B. Reporting Verb ................................................................................................ 6

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION.............................................................................. 10

REFERENCE ......................................................................................................... 11

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the paper

English is a language in the world. People call it a international language. In

our school, the English language has been given since the fourth grade of the
elementary school up to university. Most people in the world from the different
countries and nations speak language. Also, many scientific studies such as
education, science, religion, technology, commerce or politic are written in the
language.

Language includes four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. Writing
is language activity that needs much cognitive concentration. When writing, a writer
is challenged to use just linguistics code without helping of other codes, take for
instance, gestures. A writer has to arrange some ideas and transform them into his
thinking carefully in writing codes on papers.

In fact, writing is different from writing Indonesian. English as stated above is

a foreign language for Indonesian student. English is a new language that they often
have trouble when they learn it. One of the reasons is the characteristics of English
itself. For example, tenses, regular and irregular verb are not found in Indonesia. On
contrary, Indonesia is a language which the students have got earlier basically, we
believe that student of SMP have enough knowledge of it and have known to use it
well and correctly. So it is possible that Indonesian, though it is a school language
for most of them, can regard as the student’s mother tongue. They use Indonesian
more frequently with they friends and teachers. Moreover, Indonesian is very close
to them, to their speaking or writing habits. This is one thing that invites problems
when the student writes the sentences composition in English.

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B. Problem Formulation
a. What is meant reported speech by use of ‘say’ and ‘tell’ ?

b. What is meant of reporting verb ?

c. How to use reporting verb in a statement ?

C. Purpose and Intention

a. To know and understand about reported speech use of ‘say’ and ‘tell’

b. To know and understand about reporting verb

c. To know about examples of reported speech use of ‘say’ and ‘tell’

d. To know about examples of reporting verb

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
 Reported Speech

A. Definition
Reported speech is how we represent the speech of other people or what we ourselves say.

There are two main types of reported speech: Direct speech and Indirect speech.
 Direct speech repeats the exact words the person used, or how we remember their words
 Indirect speech focuses more on the content of what someone said rather than their exact
words

A. How To Use
1. Define the type of the sentence (statement, questions, command)
2. What tense is used in the introductory sentence?
3. Do you have to change the person (pronoun)?
4. Do you have to backshift the tenses?
5. Do you have to change expressions of time and place?

 Statements

1. To be & Auxiliary Verbs

Direct Indirect
Am/is/are - was/were
was/were - had been
Shall/will - should/would
Can - Could
May/Must - Might
Have/Has to/Ought to - had to

2. Time & Place

Direct Indirect
Now - Then
Tomorrow - The Following Day
Next Week - The Following Week
Tonight - That Night
Today - That Day
Yesterday - The Day Before
Last Night - The Night Before

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 Last Week - The Week Before/
The Precious Week
Here - There
This - That
These - Those

3. Tenses
Direct Indirect
Simple Present - Simple Past
Simple Past / Present Perfect - Past Perfect
Present Continous - Past Continous
Present Perfect Continous - Past Perfect Continous
Simple Future - Past Future

 If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:

 Direct speech: I like ice cream.

 Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.

We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I' to
'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'.

(As I'm sure you know, often, we can choose if we want to use 'that' or not in English. I've put it
in brackets () to show that it's optional. It's exactly the same if you use 'that' or if you don't use
'that'.)

But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the reported
speech:

 Direct speech: I like ice cream.

 Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.

Tense Direct Speech Reported Speech

present simple I like ice cream She said (that) she liked ice cream.

present I am living in
She said (that) she was living in London.
continuous London

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 She said (that) she had bought a car OR She said
past simple I bought a car
(that) she bought a car.

past I was walking along She said (that) she had been walking along the
continuous the street street.

present perfect I haven't seen Julie She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.

I had taken English She said (that) she had taken English lessons
past perfect*
lessons before before.

Will I'll see you later She said (that) she would see me later.

would* I would help, but..” She said (that) she would help but...

I can speak perfect

Can She said (that) she could speak perfect English.
English

I could swim when I

could* She said (that) she could swim when she was four.
was four

Shall I shall come later She said (that) she would come later.

I should call my
should* She said (that) she should call her mother
mother

might* I might be late She said (that) she might be late

I must study at the She said (that) she must study at the weekend OR
Must
weekend She said she had to study at the weekend

* doesn't change.

Occasionally, we don't need to change the present tense into the past if the information in direct
speech is still true (but this is only for things which are general facts, and even then usually we
like to change the tense):

 Direct speech: The sky is blue.

 Reported speech: She said (that) the sky is/was blue.

 In reported statements, we can use either 'say' or 'tell'. The meaning is the same, but the
grammar is different. For example:

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Direct speech:

 John: "I'll be late".

Reported speech:

 John said (that) he would be late.

OR

 John told me (that) he was going to be late.

With 'tell' we NEED the object (e.g. 'me', 'you', 'her').

With 'say' we CAN'T use the object (e.g. 'me', 'them', 'us').

So we CAN'T say:

 “John said me that he would be lateJohn said me that he would be late.”

 “John told that he would be lateJohn told that he would be late.”

Here are some correct examples:

 Julie said (that) she'd come to the party.

 I said (that) I was going to bed early.
 He told me (that) he loved living in London.
 They told John (that) they would arrive at six.

B. Reporting Verb
1. ADVISE*

(= Give someone advice. Notice the different spelling for the verb and the noun.)

Advise + someone + to + infinitive

 She advised him to see a doctor.

Advise + (that) + clause

 The staff advise that you carry water at all times.

Advise + against + verb-ing

 I'd advise against leaving early.

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2. AGREE

Agree + to + infinitive

 We agreed to meet the following day.

Agree + (that) + clause

 I agreed that the children could do their homework later.

3. APOLOGISE

Apologise + (to + someone) + for + verb-ing

 They apologised to us for being late.

 She apologised for forgetting the book.

Apologise (+ to + someone) + for + noun

 She apologised for the delay.

4. DECIDE

Decide + to + infinitive

 They decided to go to the cinema.

Decide + (that) + clause

 They decided that they would go to the cinema.

5. ENCOURAGE

Encourage + someone + to + infinitive

 She encouraged him to take the exam again.

 The teacher encouraged the students to ask questions.

6. EXPLAIN

Explain + (that) + clause

 The teacher explained that the course was finished.

Explain + noun + to + someone

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  She explained the grammar to the students.

NOT: She explained me the grammarShe explained me the grammar.

Explain + question word + to + infinitive

 They explained how to buy a train ticket on the internet.

 John explained where to find the restaurant.

Explain + question word + clause

 We explained what the exams would cover.

7. INSIST*

Insist + on + verb-ing

 He insisted on paying.

Insist + (that) + clause

 He insisted that we sit down.

8. PROMISE

Promise + to + infinitive

 He promised to arrive early.

Promise + (someone) + (that) + clause

 I promised him that I wouldn't do it again.

9. RECOMMEND*

Recommend + verb-ing

 I recommend visiting the British Museum while you're in London.

Recommend + (that) + clause

 I recommend that you visit the British Museum

10. REMIND

Remind + someone + to + infinitive

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  She reminded him to take his keys.

Remind + someone + (that) + clause

 They reminded me that there is a party tonight.

11. SUGGEST*

Suggest + verb-ing

 I suggest leaving soon

Suggest + (that) + clause

 I suggest that you come as soon as you can.

NOT: I suggest him to comeI suggest him to come.

12. WARN

Warn + someone + (not) + to + infinitive

 I warned them not to go in the water.

Warn + someone + about + something

 She warned us about the dangerous roads.

Negatives
To make the verbs that we have reported negative, we need to look at the verb pattern:

 When there's a clause, we make the negative in the usual way: She said that she didn't
like ice cream.
 When there's 'to + infinitive', we generally put 'not' before 'to': He promised not to do it
again.
 When there's 'verb-ing', we generally put 'not' in front of it: I advise not taking the bus.

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 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
Reported speech is how we represent the speech of other people or what we ourselves say.
In reported statements, we can use either “say” and “tell”, the meaning is the same, but the
grammar is different. In the page about reported speech, we talked about how to change direct
speech ("I love coffee") into reported speech (Seonaid said that she loved coffee), using the
verbs'say', 'tell' and 'ask'. However, we can also use many other verbs to report what someone said,
like 'promise', 'warn', 'advise' and 'recommend'.

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 REFERENCE

Mardiana, Dien. (2018). Intermediate English. Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah

Types Of Pronoun. Retrieved from https://www.grammar-
monster.com/lessons/pronouns_different_types.html

Reported Speech. Retrieved from http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/sentence/reported-

speech.html

Reporting Verb. Retrieved from http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/sentence/reported-

verb.html

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