Inspite atti, tanyinacruracy epi CAREER ENDEAVOUR PUBLICATI | ©All right reserved by CAREER ENDEAVOUR PUBLICATIONS. No part of this book may be reproduced or utlized in any form without the writen permission from the publisher.a@ DOERR Classification of elements according to their action in the biological system: Of the 100 plusknown elements, two to three dozen can be found insnostorganisms. Mastare found intrace amounts, but five stand oUt: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. Carbon isinevery organic compound. It forms the backbone of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic ‘acids suchas DNA. Carbon’s unique ability to form four stable bonds means it can form more molecular structures than anyother atom. Hydrogen and oxygen, bound as water, play an essential role inlivingeclls. Water is the primary solvent in j which organic molecules are sustained incels. Most biochemical rections occur in the watery, oraqueous, phase. Hydrogen and oxygen also play val rolesin producing enerzyin mast cel { Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are abundant in living matter; nitrogen and phosphorus are more rare. Every protein has nitrogen in its molecular backbone. Phosphorus plays key role in the energy and information systerasofthe eel Consider the content ofthe elements in the body of an average healthy person (weighing 70 ke). Ithas been. established that out of 70 kg man’s weight, Non-Metals Distribution Metals Distcbution 0 45.5kg Ca 1050 gm C 126k K 140 em HH 70kg Na 105 gm N21 kg Mg 35am Po OTkg Fe 4.2 am Zn 23.¢m Cu O.11 gm Mn 0.02 gm Mo 0.005 em Co 0.003 gm Cr 0.0014 gm Data shows that abundance of Cu, Mn, Mo, Co, Crete metalsis< 1.0 gm but those are highly significant for biological system. This partial data helps to predic the order of abundance of metal ions in hurnan body. tis. showing a qualitative correlation with order of natural abundance of metalsin geochemical distribution 2nd ‘seems that life evolved utilizing only those elements which are readily occur in earth crust Accordingto actionin biological process and abundance of these elements can be classified in different categories. Essential (O, C, H.N, P, Na, K, Mg, Cl, Ca, Sete.) ‘Trace (I, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co. Mo ete.) Non-Essential (Al, Sr,Ba, Snete.) Toxic (Cd, Pb, Hgete.) ‘+ Essential elements are absolutely necessary for running the life processes + Trace elements are also essentially required for life processes but exists in law concentrations, + Non-essential elements are not essential If they are not present, other elements may serve their function. + Toxicelements are those elements which distur the natural function ofthe biological system. Theyare not required in iological system. [gy _t022800 16851008, 26861009 woycarcerendeavourcom SSN 8.0.46, First Foor, Mall Rona, GTH, Nagar (Metro Gate No.3), PWOD, Ph: OM 65402244, 9540292991 Sarai Near IF New Delih-16, Fh: O1