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6. Costes

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Costes de las materias primas

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CUADRO 2
RENDIMIENTOS Y COSTES DE PRODUCCIîN Y RECOLECCIîN DE
DIFERENTES MATERIAS PRIMAS DE BIOMASA EN EL MUNDO
Rendimiento Coste
Materia prima Regi—n
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Costes de las plantas de transformaci—n a energ’a

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CUADRO 3
NIVELES DE EFICIENCIA Y COSTES DE INVERSIîN Y DE OPERACIîN Y MANTENIMIENTO DE PLANTAS
DE CONVERSIîN DE BIOMASA A ENERGêA
Tipo de (VSHFLÀFDFLyQ Costes de Costes de (ÀFLHQFLD (ÀFLHQFLD Tiempo de vida Tama–o t’pico
biomasa de planta inversi—n O&M (electricidad) (calor) (media) planta
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Fracción orgánica Incin. RSU 5.500-7.125 145-249 0,18-0,22 – 30 2-50

de RSU In RSU co-ge 5.800-7.425 172-258 0,14-0,16 0,64-0,66 30 2-50
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Coste normalizado de energ’a/&2()

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CUADRO 4
COSTE NORMALIZADO DE ENERGêA (LCOE)
Tecnología cUS$2005/kWh
Electricidad (combustión directa, BFB), 25-100 MW 6,9-15
14
Electricidad (combustión directa, BFB ), 25-100 MW 6,7-15
Electricidad. Cocombustión (coalimentación), 20-100 MW 2,2-6,2
Electricidad. Cocombustión (alimentación separada), 20-100 MW 2,6-6,7
Cogeneración calor y electricidad (Stoker), 25-100 MW 6,3-15
15
Cogeneración calor y electricidad (ORC ), 0,65-1,6 MW 12-32
Cogeneración calor y electricidad (turbina de vapor), 2,5-10 MW 8,3-22
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Calor. Calefacción doméstica por pellets, 5-100 kW 5,2-26,8
Cogeneración calor y electricidad (residuos sólidos urbanos), 1-10 MW 0,6-13,2
Cogeneración calor y electricidad (turbina de vapor), 12-14 MW 3,8-24,4
Cogeneración calor y electricidad (digestión anaerobia), 0,5-5 MW 3,5-10,5
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7. Emisiones y sostenibilidad

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7.1. Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero

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7.2. Combusti—n de biomasa y contaminaci—n local

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8. Conclusiones

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