Rob Bruñía, Cor van Wijgerden

Workbook Step 1

Ñame: Date of birth:

Street: Place:

School: Club:

Learned chess from: Trainer:

Fhe board
The chess board consists of
squares. It has 64 squares
arranged 8 x 8. In chess
language they are called
white and black squares. The
board is positioned cor-
rectly when a white square is
in the lower right hand cór-
ner; 'white on right'.
All of the squares have
a ñame.
The square marked is
called b2.
The square marked is
called e4.
The square marked is
called f6.
All squares al, b2, c3, d4, e5,
f6, g7 and h8 lie on a diago-
nal (slanting Une).
Not all diagonals are of equal
length. The shortest
diagonals are only two
squares long (e.g. al/bS).
The longest diagonals consist
of eight squares. There are
two of them: al/h8 and hl/a8.
a8 b8 c8 d8 e8 f8 98 h8
a? b7 c7 d7 e7 f7 g7
a6 b6 c6 d6 e6 f6 g6 h6
a5 b5 c5 d5 e5 f5 g5
a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 f4 g4 h4
a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 g3
a2 b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 g2
a1 b1 d d1 e1 f1 g1
In this diagram all the ñames
are indicated in the squares.
AAAAAAAA
The starting position. The
pieces on the board should be
set up like this. We view the
position from the side of the
white player. White always
begins a game; he makes the
first move. Notice where the
white queen is standing. She
is always on a white square.
h7
h5 flfth rank
h3
h2
h1
Ranks ('rows') go from one
side to the other. They are
indicated with numbers. All
squares with number 1 (al, bl,
el, di, el, fl, gl and hl) are
on the first rank.
All squares with number 5 are
on the fifth rank.
Files ('columns') go from bot-
tom to top and are indicated
with letters. All squares with
an h (hl through h8) are on the
h-file.
All eight files and eight
ranks are equally long.
s £\ .& «
AAAAAAAA
iáláiáiá
In the diagram the board is
shown from the viewpoint of
the black player. Once again
the white player makes the
first move.
Note the position of the
black queen. She is standing
on a black square.
Firststep
Board Naming the squares: A

a b c d e f a b c d e f

BHJ;
a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h b c d e f g h
*= A= *= A= ^= 1=

7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1
a b c d e f g h a b c d e f a b c d e f g h

6
5
4

3
2

I
a b c d e f g h a b c d e f
Board Naming the squares: B

^8 8 8
7
7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2, 2 2
i 1 1
a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

•=f2 •= g7 4= c6 0=35 •= e8 += h3 •= a1 •= d6 += c4

8 ' 8

7 7 7

6
5
JQUL 5
6 6
5

4 4 IH m iw* •• 4
3
3 • •M • 3
2 2 9

1 ív-;« .I/ :.,, i 1 1

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

•=h8 B=d1 +=c5 «=96 B=e3 *= b4 •= f7 •= b2 4= d4

:
; :;f:
8 HH «
8 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
9
2 2
1 1 1

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

•=g2 "=e5 += b6 •= d2 •= h6 *=f5 •= g4 •= f1 += c4

8 8 sy 8
7 ' 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

•=c6 B=g1 4=d8 *=f1 B=c5 ^= a3 •= a7 •= e5 ^= g6

First step
Moves of the pieces

All the pieces move in their own way on the chessboard.

+
+

1 I

The rook can move to all squares marked with
a plus. There are 14 of them.
The rook moves straight, forwards, backwards,
or sideways. The rook can move to 14
different squares from e4.
The bishop can move to all the squares
marked with a plus. There are 13 of them.
The bishop moves diagonally, forwards or
back-wards. The bishop can move to 13
different squares from d5.

The queen can move to all the squares
marked with a plus. There are 27 of them.
The queen can move like a rook, and like a
bis-hop. The queen moves straight, diagonally,
forwards or backwards. The queen can move
to 27 different squares from e5.
The knight can move to all the squares
marked with a plus. There are 8 of them.
The knight moves one square straight and
one square diagonally. The knight can move
to 8 different squares from d4.

• The queen has the most possibilities.

Therefore she is the strongest piece.

• The rook has a lower valué than the queen,

but is still stronger than the other pieces.

4- < f > :•+;

• The bishop and the knight are equally strong.
4- -i- +

• The king is a special case. He is the

most important one!
The king can move to all the squares marked
with a cross. There are 8 of them. The king
moves straight or diagonally, but only one
square at a time. The king can move to 8 diffe-
rent squares from c3.
-

Rules of the game Moves of the pieces: A

•AW

Firststep
Attacking and taking
On the left, the rook 'eyes
up' the squares marked
with a plus.
At right, the rook 'eyes up'
not only all the squares
marked with a plus, but
also the black knight. The
rook is aimed at the knight.
This is called: attacking.
In the left half the white
queen cannot capture the
black bishop. His own
piece, the white bishop is
standing in the way.
Also at right, the white queen
cannot capture. The white
bishop can capture the black
bishop. Queens, rooks, and
bishops are not allowed to
jump over their own pieces.
For all the pieces, remember: Taking is not compulsory.
It is allowed, but is not obligatory.
On the left, the white queen
is attacking the black queen.
The queen on a4 can
capture the queen on d7.
On the right, the white queen
has captured the black queen.
The queen comes to rest on
the square that the black
queen had occupied. The
latter is removed and no
longer takes part in the game.
The knight can, of
course, also capture.
At left, the knight can
capture the queen.
At right, the knight can
choose between taking
the queen or the rook.
The knight may also
make another move.
White can take the black
knight with his rook.
The white rook cannot take
the bishop because the
knight is blocking its path.
Queens, rooks and bishops
are not allowed to jump
over enemy pieces.
At left, the white knight
on b3 jumps over the
black pieces to capture
the black rook.
It is simple to jump
over one's own pieces.
At right, the knight on g2
takes the black bishop on h4.
The knight is the only piece
that is allowed to jump.
f
Rules of the game Moves of the pieces: B

+ for moving Bd5 Rd4

O for taking

__._

Qe5 Rc7 Be3

Rc5 Qg4 Nd6

Qe2 Bd6 Nd3

Attacking Creating an attack: A

I I
The pawn
Each player has eight pawns. The pawn move is not similar to the moves of other pieces. In fact,
everything is different.
A A A A A A A A f i
A pawn can move one square
forward. On its fírst move
the pawn can chose whether
it wants to move one or two
squares forward. After this,
the pawn can only move one
square forward each turn.
The white pawns play from
bottom to top.
The black pawns always
play from top to bottom.
If a pawn reaches the back
rank, it can change into a
queen, rook, bishop or
knight of the same colour.
The pawn cannot remain on
the square. The pawn is
pro-moted. The pawn
cannot change into a king.
Pawn f7 chooses:
m a & A
Pawn b2 chooses:
W I % JL
10
A
i
A
The pawn takes diagonally
forward, not straight. It is the
only piece that captures dif-
ferently from the way that it
moves.
The pawn on d5 can choose
between taking the bishop or
the knight. He can also ad-
vance forward one step. The
pawn on g3 can play only
after the black pawn has
takenonh3.
«i
A
Pawns may not jump, neither
over their own pieces, ñor
over the enemy pieces.
The white a-pawn cannot
move. The black g-pawn
cannot move two squares
forward because the bishop
is in its way, ñor can it take
the queen. The only move is
one step forward to g6.
i i i i i i i i
Each side has 8 pawns in the
starting position. They are
standing on the 2nd and 7*
rank.
A pawn is the only chess
piece that may not move
backwards. He also may not
capture backwards. This
means that the white pawns
can never stand on the fírst
rank and the black pawns
never on the eighth rank.
A pawn:
• can choose to move one or
two squares on its
fírst move
• may not move backwards
• takes differently (diago-
nally) from the way it
moves (forward)
• can change to a piece of
the same colour (except a
king) when it reaches the
opposite end of the board
First step
Rules ofthe game Moves of the pawn: A

Ai i J.
A

A
A

Rf. A A

u
Attacking Creating an attack: A

J.

I II
11 i
i i

te

A
A A A
I

Ai

AA

12
Firststep
Defending
J.
+ 4-
A piece which is under attack
can often be saved.
The bishop at left is being
attacked, but he can defend
himself by moving to one of
the six squares marked with
a plus.
On the right, the black knight
can only move to one square
where it cannot be captured.
A A
On the left, the queen is
attacked; she can move
away. Black has another
way to defend himself from
this attack. He can interpose
the bishop on b6.
At right, Black can choose
from three ways of defending
the attacked knight. Moving
away, protecting with the rook
on f6, or interposing the rook
on g5. The black pawn
protects the rook.
On the left, the queen
attacks the knight. The
knight does not have to
move away. Instead, the
rook can protect the knight
on c7 or b8. If White then
takes the knight, the black
rook takes the queen.
At right, Black can protect
his attacked bishop by
moving his rook one
square backward (to f7).
There are two special ways
of protecting which are
somewhat different from the
previous examples.
At left, White can protect
the knight by advancing the
pawn. The pawn move frees
up a path for the rook.
On the right, the white
rook is not interested in
taking. White protects the
rook by moving it to g3.
On the left, the black rook is
attacked. The rook can
move away, but it can also
capture the white rook.
Capturing (or taking) is
the third way of defence.
The black queen on the right
can escape from the bishop's
attack by moving away. In
this case it is better to take
it, because the bishop is not
protected.
i J.1
i
The rook on e? is under
attack. He can be defended
in various ways. In chess you
can defend yourself by:
• moving away
• protecting
• taking
• interposing
Black can play either:
1. ... Re7-a7 (moving away)
1.... Bg7-f6 (protecting)
1. ... Re7xe4 (taking)
1.... Bg7-e5 (interposing)
L3
Defending Protecting: A

1 * 'é' A
A A A i AA%
1 A
i! A Ai A A
% A AA
A £\ A M& 1
A A AA AA
AAA < á ? A A; A A
n i

<||s) AL A % A ^ A A
A A J.A A AA%
AIA A ^ A A
A A A
A AA AA A A
AAA AA
<É> A A A <É> A:

é <^g) :„ isrflHt (SrS)

i! AA AA : A A
A %A A A !_•_•_•
AA J. A A A
% AA A

•ni
•I
m<¿>
IB
a n
A AA A A A £>A & U^
^ t

1 1
& É. A <^M) A <É>
A A A A v^H A J.A
JÉ

AA feAA AAA AAAA A

% Á, A A B A
A A A ^ A ;A
: ÜH t 9H •• -1 ILB

A <á? A A .A
W

14 F/V5< step
Defending Moving away: A

A ili A tjBgji) A A (^g>

A A A AA % A I AA
A A
A AA ^ AA
& Á, Á,\
& A iirii A AA

g
AA A A A * A
ó %A A % AA
AA &A A A 6 W
•Jfta 1^=1 ^* A AI
•ft

A A A , & A A &j
A
A ./• *. ^:"':1^1 A

j-fl 1
A A + é> A éA
A A A AA AA
A A W A Ni W
;
• ^A A ± A A «i A
A & A A A
^"BHBB •H^^^^^H 15 < ) ¿ A <¿>

i • I
'ó' É. A %A 'á* A
A A A AA ^ A
A igf A A
A A A AA
A $i A A ¡ fl
:A A <á> A : ' I A* AA A
fi ' ''• JaL

15
 •

Material Taking an unprotected piece: A

1
4 A 44 ilf 4
A áí
II • ' 4 | ^™ e5t= I. '\'A..- ' ••
A A III 4
A £ A A ^ A
A AA

1
1 Jt 'á
4 44 E 4^ 4

4 4Ü |; --á=
A% • 1A
•" H AA
A A <& AA A
n-

Éí
Wf A 4 W J. 4 • • lB'4 4
4 1 4 ^^%MMBgj^^^
£4 •
HH^^
:4>!

• •f"W A A A
A ' : ; ^i Aé A AA A

_
^g>
£44 4 44 4 4 é> 4
44 4 A A4 44
A 4
l^jBL A ^•JTji&í
A £ A A &
AAA AA fl AA ÉL A A A

16 F/rs? s/ep
Defending Taking the attacker: A

• i rir *
A vAw A é> A
A A a j. i
^A ± A
AA% A1
A A ^A A A 1

A A<á? i, A *• *f H
*^( ' •*

í 'A
^p A I
! * ^p A
(Bgi) A i

A A %A A A1A
A
M.
: AA A A „,
•r • • A ¿2 I '••'"'. A ,: . . «& •••&

A á> A ll á»

A
I $ ^
j. i^ A
• A AI * A
A A «á, 41
A A A A A -
A A W A A fl JL

<¿> * * A

"& M i^g?
A ^^ A lwj AS A A
A A A % AA A % A
Hl >w v A
A £1 A A A •MB
A A A A1 á> A
A A A^ A ^A A ^ A

17
Material Taking an unprotected piece: B

I WI *

iii éiii ii Ai
i % A
A
AAA A
A & A
A * A A A! AA

I A 1 £I 1 i
iió ii ii i i ii
Ai % i i
A
A
A
A A A A A AAA
Jj a

Itr 2w
i «i i i i i i i ii
i1 i
i
A A A
A A A
AAW AAA 1
A A AAA
a

i• i i
A Ai i i Ai i i a i i
i i i& i i
i %A ii A i
AA
A Jl %
AA AAA AA A ir
A W A
A A £> A A

18 F/'rsí 5?ep
Test Repetition: A

• ^SjEBL
HIIB*
& VI™"BABI \Ulí
<"f

Creating an attack Which move can the pawn play? Attacking

'
1ÉF A
A AA
% &
BM^^^^^^JP^M^^^^^^MBB^^

•QB A A : ' > •

Í¿1 í * .:,: :
a b c d e f g h
Attacking Defending
•= d5 •= O 4= e7

1 AéA AA A A 'É1 A
¿dk
VJjfí Jt
A %A A A %AAA
A A AH
AA A
AA
. A AA ;: A J, A A A
fi íl?
Taking an unprotected piece Defending Defending

Al A ; ^>^

A A A
^ 4Éi^Ü

A . -

A
Creating an attack + = moving O = taking Taking an unprotected piece

19
Test Mix: A

S, *Bi ili> £ i ó> <i|@

A * A AA A
^H 1 ^B ^Sft
A 4A
Al A A
AW A JL
g n
rjj^i
4,
A A A A
&
s : " a* AA 1 a A-í' A
Defending Defending Taking an unprotected piece

I 1S? ¿ ¿kl¡

<é> A A <é> A
J. A & A
A 1• •
A A I
A A - A A
A A i : á> v ; ^
Attacking Defending 4- = moving O = taking

s I A "T?
•Oí A:
}
- A A
S
A A
É>

A W A¿ A
£ A
• •!• • AAA <¿>
A
+ for correct bishop moves + for correct queen moves Taking an unprotected piece
- for badbishop moves - for badqueen moves

>é t ü&\
•^H
).-,

A A AA *A t^g) JÍL

A A JL A A A A' JL&

W ^ •A^ AA
A A A *A 1 A » A A
A •

I i
Defending Attacking Defending

20
First step
Check and getting out of check
At the upper leñ the rook is
attacking the king. An
attack on the king is
something special and has
its own ñame: check.
In the other positions
the king is also in check.
If in a game you attack the
king of your opponent,
you may say: "check."
How do we get out of check?
Moving away
At left, the king is in check.
He can choose one of three
squares to move to.
At right, he can only move to
two squares.
Getting out of check: •
• interposing
The king may never
remain in check. the king
can thus never be captured.
At the top in this diagram,
the black king must move to
b8.
At the bottom, White
cannol move his king. He
must move his pawn.
Taking
At left, the black king can
take the white queen and he
will no longer be in check.
At right, the white rook can
take the bishop, which is
giving check.
moving away
with the king
taking
with another piece
The king may never place
himself in check; he can
also never give check. There
must always be one square
between the two kings.
Interposing
At left, Black can escape
from check by moving his
knight on c7 between his
king and the white rook.
At right, the bishop's move
to £2 cuts off the queen's
line of attack.
21
Attacking Giving check: A

i "!•
% < é> i jt
i
A

AA

1 i !•
AA A i4 Á á *iI
i A
J. A á
A A
A A
A A A! ¡A A AA

I J. 1
ii A i á i AAA AAA
Á A á
A á AA
Aá A AA
A A
A AAA AAA AAA

* I
AA AA A A AA
A AA J.
A fe A
A A A A
A A
A A AA A

22 First step
Defending Getting out of check: A

1á AA AA A

i
A
A
AA A A! IAA AA AA

AAm 11 ái iáÁ A ^¡U

<«*)A

i1 ^1 V 01
A
A
A
AA AAA AA AA AA <á? A A

AA * A A A AAAA A 1AAA
A &A
1A
• A
A
AA AAA AAA AAA ¡A A A A Al

i 111 AAA «T A A A

A A
A •TH
AA AA £> A A A A A A^ AAA

2 "i
Defending Getting out of check: B

J. 1
A
A
A& A

A
A| A

i
A i Ai
J. I
A A
I A
A A
A A AA

1 1 <É
A W A A AAA iáA
Mífr
w
±
A Al £> A
A Al A
AA W A ¡A A AA A

24
First slep
Checkmate
The queen is attacking the
black king, thus the king is
in check and Black must
remove the check. Moving
away or interposing a piece
is not possible. The only
possibility for Black is to
take the white queen.
The player who delivers checkmate wins and receives one point. The player who has been
checkmated loses and receives no points. The outcome:
The rook is guarding all
squares on the seventh rank.
The black king can only
move to squares d8 or f8. In
the lower portion Black
guards even more squares.
White is not checkmated yet,
for mate, a check is needed.
He can mate with the queen
onñ.
In this position black is also
in check. Now the king can
no longer take the white
queen. The queen is protec-
ted; she is assisted by the
bishop. Black is in check and
there is no way to get out of
it.
Black is checkmated.
Checkmate ends of the game.
1-O if White wins
0-1 if Black wins
The queen is guarding the
seventh rank. The rook can,
by giving check on the eighth
rank, deprive the king of his
last escape square.
At the bottom checkmate has
been delivered. The white
king is in check and there are
no more possible moves.
«r*
The knight is protecting the
queen on b6. Black is in
check and he can do
nothing to remove it. Black
has been checkmated.
On the right, White has been
checkmated. The black
queen is safely protected by
her bishop.
At left, White can give
checkmate with the rook
on el.
Each rook has its own task.
The b-rook protects the b-
file, while the c-rook
checks. Both are needed for
mate.
At right, the queen check-
mates on g2. She is suppor-
ted by the pawn on f3.
25
Mate Mate in one: A

'g
1

26
First step
Mate Creating mate: A

A
AA

i i
A i

A
A A
A

27
Mate Creating mate: B

I
A
A

á Á i i
i

A '& A
A
A

28
 1

g ui
 Mate Mate in one: C

ÁA

á
1

A A! ¡A 1 &A

A ái
A A

f _A_ &HB
(^M)

i Á

30 First step
Mate Creating mate: C

V A

A
A

1
Ai
A A
A
A J.
A A A
A < á ? .A A

A
A
A AA

*I 1
A A ! A é> AA
AA %A Al. A

A A
A A
A <±>A A AA I A«á?

31
Mate Creating mate: D

i Á
á A A
1

á
A

A
A
A
A

1
i

JHB
A A A
aA WAA A

32
F/ri/ step
Mate Mate in one:

iá
i á A
A
A
1

A
A

Jt
<s
™
i i
I á
A

1 A A

•
E ®»
^»

á 1
A i
1
A
A A A A A

33
Mate Mate in one: I
1

1 A AA w2 A A A J.
A fi <á? A A A •W A
A A A A
A% Jl A A
& A JL A ¿A a
A AW A * A
® ! |0: s g?

• •
^ A * fl .H • ^ A
A ;;
A ?;: r
A A A ^H^H fiBr
•B Jb>
~ ^^H
W
js.

•A AA <á? A i^g)
A ^ A A
'A i r .' W A • A A

«É* E 'É*
A• AW WAAA A J. A
AA A % A
A
A ^A A A A
tíííí
& A MH Ha HP ® A ^i ^ fi
AW A* A A A I

• 1 * i«¿»i

afl m
A A A% A A fi AA
AA «á? f|? A ^
AA A Wá
^ : A
A AA
AA W A A
fí 2 <¿> 2

F/re? step
Mate Mate in one: F

AA
iA i
A

1A A IA
AA A A

I
AWA A AA

AA
AA A A
A A A
AA A A A

1
AA AA
A J. A
A
A
A %A A
A I A AA A A A A
I8Ü
EL
- '
s.

£ 1
AA AA

A
A A Al i A
A A
1 A AA I1 A

35
Mate Mate in one: G

AAA A A AA
É. Aá A
A A
A A
A A
AA A A A

AAA AAAAA

AA AA

AA A A A A A

jf (S||)
1
AA AA
AA
A
A
A A
A A AA JlA

i£ I
A HA AA
A Al AA
A 4£i A A
A % A
A A A
A A Ai AAA A

36 First step
Mate Mate in one: H

w •* ~f• f*~ ^ 1 I;í

AA AA AA "£> A A AA ^
A* A A %AAA A
A ^ A A A A
-• A A A ^
fa Jl A 0 ¡A Á,w A
A A1T AA A AAA A A
S<á? 1 ^ :;:/ , &
•
'' . £ M IÉF !f $1 W ^ é fti W <É>
AA WAAA AAAAA AAA
Al A A A
A% A A A A^
A A %A
±A A A £> <^ A
AA W A &| AAA AAA1 A
^^B l^HI Q B^B ^BB
--;.:. i^S ;;f:;¡

1% A W^ A 1 S <É>
A A %: A A A A AV A A I A - iMI A
^

ÍLÍ A A A
m A • A ^A
A A^A A % A
^A &^ A "'& AA
A A A A A A fi Á, ¡AA WA AA I
W & | II ^ fi

t r-i
•
r 1
1 I* "61 E n— jf.-^::- f
AAAW4fc A AA Al AA% AAA
% A ; AA A *
HB ¡§w BH ñ. *
=H= <^>
AA ^A : A ^
A
AA Ü AA AAA A<¿ AA AAA
a s ^ Á I .fl*

37
Castling
Castling is a move with king and rook at the same time: • The king moves two squares to the side
• The rook jumps over the king
Castling offers safety to the king and brings the rook into play.

AAA AAA AAA A A A: AAA A A Al

! *_.!__ i
before castling after castling kingside after castling queenside

You may not castle:

A
AAA A A Al AAA A AAA A A A!
A
If the king has moved If the rook has moved If one of your own (or
(even if he is onel again). (even if he is on hl again) your opponent's) pieces is
in the way.

A w
AAA AAA AA A A AAA A A;

If the king is in check. If the king passes If the king will be in

through check. check after castling.

If it is only the rook which is

attacked then you may castle.

In the lower left diagram

White may castle kingside,
but not queenside.
. i. A
AAA A A

38
First step
Rules of the game Castling: A

áA AAA AAA AA iáÁ

J.A
A
AAA AA AA AA A A A;
May White castle kingside? May Black castle kingside? May White castle kingside?
o yes o no o yes o no o yes o no

ii ÁAi i1 Aá

A tí A
A AA A A A AAA A

May Black castle kingside? May White castle kingside? May White castle queenside?
O yes o no o yes o no o yes o no

r i
i i AA *AAAA AAAW AAA
A WAA % ftá A
J. A
A AA A A4s Á,
A ^ 4^ &A &
A AA AAA AA AAA AA&

May Black castle kingside? May White castle kingside? May Black castle queenside?
o yes o no o yes o no O yes O no

<sjs>

AAW A A Ai A W A A AA A A $ A A A
ft¿ *A J.4I A %
A 1 A
A A J. A W
A^ A A
A A A AW A AA A A A1 AA A A A:
May White castle queenside? May Black castle queenside? May White castle queenside?
o yes o no O yes O no o yes O no

39
Exchange and favourable exchange

4 The rook on e4 can move 13 3

3 to, at most, 14 different 12 2
squares. This is true from
2 11 1
every square on the board.
1
14 13 15 11 5 6 7 This bishop can move to, at
most, 13 different squares.
Its disadvantage is that it
9 must remain on one colour. 10
10

This knight can move to, at 27 BB 3 6

most, 8 different squares. 26 2 5
Its extra strength is that it
25 1 4
can jump.
24 23 22 21 ^ 7 8 9
17 13 10

5 2 This queen can move to, at 18 14 11

most, 27 different squares.
4 3
The queen is a very strong 19 15 12

piece. 20 16

List of valúes: O = 1 point ^J=3points JL= 3 points Ji = 5 points !§'= 9points

In the upper left, the black rook can take the white rook; White
1
recaptures. This is an exchange of rooks.

In the upper right, Black can take the white knight; White
recaptures with his pawn. This is an exchange of knights.

At the bottom left, the white queen can take the black queen;
the black rook recaptures. This is an exchange of queens.

At the bottom right, the white knight can take the black bishop; the
black pawn recaptures. This is an exchange of bishop for knight.

The favourable exchange

The white pawn takes the black queen on c6; the black
pawn recaptures. White gains 8 points.

The black pawn takes the white rook on g6; the white
pawn recaptures. Black gains 4 points.

The white knight takes the black rook on a2; the black pawn
takes the white knight. White gains 2 points.

The black pawn takes the white bishop on g3; the

knight recaptures the pawn. Black gains 2 points.
40 First step
Material Favourable exchange: A

I X —

A AA A AA AA
A A

A A
A A AA AA AA AAA

A AA A A AA
A A
JL

^ A A A A
A AA A

AA A A A AA
%A A A
A
A A
A W AA A A i A A A
a <*!?

41
Material Favourable exchange: B

I AW I* I
AAA AA AA AAA A A A AW A é> A
% A fa A A A A A
AAA A A A I
A A A AAW A
AA A &
AA A A A! ¡A A AA

I A I é» • I
A Oí A A A AA AA AA
AA A A A A A AA
rtty A
A A
m A A%A A AA
^ AW A A A A
AA A& AA A AA

A AAA |A A AA A
% A%

A & A& ' A J, A £>

A AAAA AW AAAA

li
AA A1A AA W AAA 1 AAA
A % A AA
W A
A A A
A AA
A AA AA |AA AAA

42
F/'rsí sfóp
Test Repetition: D

JK • (
§Ji) i! 1ÉF
r I A AAA
: A i%
11 :'v;i"E :/; -;Á !
^ ó IH
ó ;, «•

^.
AA ^AAA

Víate in one víate in one Going out of check

E : A Jl IÉF A A
%A A A A A W AAA AA AAAA
VAA % A %

A
% AA
& ^ A <5}
AA A A: A AA
AAA AA
I I I, * * J
Favourable exchange Giving check
May White castle kingside?
o yes o no

I W*4 . ftK 1 ¿ lÉf

AA A A A J. A
A I%
AAAA S A
* fl IH
cS, ™&_-_8H c
^=3

•nBrii
A 'A A2
AAA AAA * A
fi Jl W <á> fl
Going out of check Víate in one Creating mate

• • sfe)
^3

AAA éAA A A
A
% un/ í^ A
^H 4B
A 1
HA A
A • 1A
i AA :> - <¿> A A fl A ÍT A A ,
a* Giving check
Favourable exchange
Mate in one

43
Test Mix: B

m. w
G&S) 1 I+ ' • I*"'
A A A mA A A AAA AAA
A A AA A A
A A
: £} A A A ^ •
; A A fi A A A¡
A A<á? A AÍT A fl A AAA A A
¡m JBB •• BJR
Mate in one -avourable exchange May White castle kingside?
o yes o no
0 I W é1 é
tS&K
ISf

A A AAA A
% AA AAA *JL A A
A AA
AAAAAA A n
AA £}ff A AAA
A & fi lt H AA1 A^A A
«É5 I m
Going outofcheck Taking an unprotected piece Defending

I 4l A E X IÉF 1A
2A e A *A A A A W I é> AAA
A AA
:
U? - A :
: AA
A A A &
A f A ' A A !•
• • & AA <á? A A

Mate in one Goingout of check Mate in one

• f ^W)
I 1 1&
AW AAA A A A A A• I& AAA
A A A^ <ib A
^ A A£>A %
A
"iDt
£
AA A A ": A
1 A. A A A 1 AAA AA
I
Favourable exchange Mate in one Taking an unprotected piece

44 First step
The twofold attack
1 1
Ai left, the white rook
attacks the black bishop
and can capture him.The
black bishop is unprotected.
At right, the black bishop
is protected. The bishop is
attacked once and defended
once. This is sufficient.
On the left, the black knight
is defended only once.
White attacks him twice.
White nevertheless must be
careful how he takes. If he
takes with the bishop he
wins a pawn.
On the right, Black must
fírst take with the rook.
I
Now the black bishop is
also attacked by the white
bishop. White takes on d5,
Black takes back, and
White takes once again.
The black bishop is attacked
twice and defended once.
White attacks the bishop
twice: the twofold attack.
The twofold attack in this
diagram is tricky. It seems
that the rook on a8 is only
once attacked. The rook on
al assists so that White can
still win the rook.
At right, the queen on h7
assists in a twofold attack
on e4.
Twofold attacks are also
carried out with other pieces.
It does not matter with which
piece we take fírst. It is
a question of taste.
At left, White can take the
bishop with the queen or
the knight.
At right, White can take the
black knight with his bishop
or his knight.
In both cases White wins a
piece.
[A A & A iAi
A
W
AAAA AAA
The white queen and the
bishop both attack the
pawn on f7. The black king
provi-des the only
protection. The queen must
assist with the protection
of f7. The g-pawn can also
move forward one square.
A piece that is attacked
twice, but protected only
once must receive
additional support.
45
Material Taking a piece which is attacked twice: A

I 1 £111

iá 1 11
1JL

A
A A A
A A AA A AA

Al 11

AA
A AA A AA A

I 1 é> J.
1 111 1 % 1 le
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1A1
•'A A Aá
? A A A ' £1
A 1 A AA AA A «á?A A
B 4?

1
11 1 1 111 111 J.1 11
1 11
11 %A 1
A A * A
A A . A
AAA AAA AA AA & AA

46
First step
Material Taking a piece which is attacked twice: B

A A
i á A i á
á A
A
A A
A A A AA A A A A A

I HA
A AA
i á A ^ A A
A A A A
£} A
A A & A A'
i - .. -. ;—__ __—___ ^*~J .-

I
A A A A A
J.
A A
& A
A A W A A A A A A A A A

A A A J. A A A A A A A A A A A A A
A % 41A A A % A %
A A A
A A A l A A
A A A A A A A A A A A A £i W A A A

47
Draw

Just as in soccer a chess game can end in a tie. A tied

game is called a draw. Both players receive half a point.
The game is finished.

When is a game drawn?

• If it is no longer possible for either side to checkmate
(e.g. if only the two kings remain on the board)
• If one side is in stalemate.

Stalemate

The white queen has
comple-tely trapped the
black king but Black is not
in check. Unfortunately for
White it is Black to move.
The king is not in check, but
cannot move. No other move
is possible: Stalemate.
Two stalemates: on the
left, White is down a rook
but gains a half point.
At right, Black is even a
queen ahead, but because
White can make no move
he is stalemated.
The white king has no
more moves. Yet White is
not stalemated. The pawn
on h3 can move a step
forward. You are only
stalemated if absolutely no
move is pos-sible.

A ilf A
A
A
A

Black is totally tied down.
Yet the game is not a draw!
To be stalemated it must be
Black to move. In this
position it is White to move.
He gives mate on b8 or h7.
1
_
In this game Black has cap- If your opponent has almost
tured all White's pieces. no pieces left, be careful for
Quite an achievement! 'crazy' moves like this rook
Unfortunately, his last move check on d2. White should
was rather stupid, since he not take with the king.
has stalemated White. That
means he gets half, instead
of a whole point.

Stalemate: • It is your turn to move, but you can make no legal move.
• You arenot in check.
First step
Rules of the game Mate, stalemate or play: A

1
ÁAA ir A A
A

A
A AAA

o mateo stalemate o mateo stalemate o mateo stalemate

o Black plays 1.... o Black plays 1.... o Black plays 1....

AA AA

A AA

o mate o stalemate o mate o stalemate

o White plays 1. O White plays 1.

A AA
A 1
A

A A
A AA

o mate o stalemate o mate o stalemate o mate o stalemate

o Black plays 1.... o Black plays 1.... o Black plays 1....

I
AA AA
A A
A AA
AA A
A A A A
A A A A A T
K'1' H.
o mate o stalemate o mate o stalemate o mate o stalemate
O White plays 1. o White plays 1. o White plays 1.

49
Mate Mate in one with the queen: A

5 x mate 2 x mate

2 x mate 4 x mate 3 x mate

50
First step
Test Repetition: C

§ •
njuj
®!j>

4 4 4 444
<¿> 4 A
A
i;; A A AA A 1 $5 <á? 1
^ •••' - ' ;;.:/ A

aa ' :
Mate in one Vlay Black castle kingside? o mate o stalemate
o yes o no o Black plays 1 ....
•
JK, <
3Jj>
44 4 $1
W 1 4 'é1 4
6 fi, 'a? 4 4
% 4 1
A A A Bjüi
K\ 3?
A iWf AA A A,
«é1
BBH
I I <á?l
Mate in one Mate in one Taking a piece which is attacked
:wice

lÉf * X llf
á I ^4 « a* 4 44
&
A 4A
:>' Ü , 4 ' 4 >; A A

A :I AA A
W a &
Mate in one Mate in one
o mate o stalemate
o White plays 1 ....
asa
4 Ái 444 4 4 4 44
I ^4 4A
A £•-: jflbt
^9)
fj\
%y i

wfmrJ^
AA AAA A
::/"- a
A
; AAA
1• •
AA

Taking a piece which is Mate in one Taking a piece which is

attacked twice attacked twice

51
Test Mix: C

i 1 1 1
ft W á
AAA lUIr

iA i A
á A A
A A A J.
A AA
A A A A A

Taking a piece which is attacked Mate in one Goingout of check

twice

1
AA AA A JL
A

A A
A * J. A 1

A müA A
£ A* & A

Defending Favourable exchange o mate o stalemate

o Black plays 1....

A A
A

A
A
AA A

Defending Mate in one Mate in one

I Wl ¿* mmmm
A AA A A^
A% A% A J. 1 A
AAW A
^AA tí
4A A AA A
AH AAA A I A

Taking a piece which is attacked Defending

twice
52
First step
The pawn (2)
i fA Í
A Aá
The pawn moves forward
and captures diagonally. At
left, White can push his
pawn to b6 or he could take
the black pawn: b5xc6.
In this case, the position on
the other side results. The
black pawn has disappeared.
Aá
White has just played
the move 1. a2-a4. Black
may now take en
passant (in passing).
See the next diagram.
The black pawn has just
moved from c7 to c5. White
may treat the move just as
if the pawn had only moved
one square and he can take
it. The result is pictured in
the next diagram.
After this move the black
pawn will be on a3.
A
White has taken the pawn.
We cali this en passant
capture. This is French
for capture in passing.
You can easily overlook
the possibility of this
pawn move.
En passant is only
possible after:
• The pawn has moved
two squares forward;
• Only the pawn standing
beside it on the adjacent
file may take en passant;
• It must be taken at once.
You cannot wait a move.
Taking 'en passant' is in
chess the only capture
when after taking a piece
moves to an empty square.
53
The notation

You can write down the

games you play.
You can show your games at
home or replay them later.
You can ask your trainer if
he wants to analyze your
games with you. This is only
possible when you write
down your games.

On the drawing Black has

just moved. White is writing
down the move.

AA

It's easy to write down
the moves.
We write the white knight's
move in the following way:
• first the piece N (knight)
(N is used instead of K
to avoid confusión with
the king)
• then the square on which
it is standing (c2)
• a hyphen (goes to)
• fínally the square to
which it moves (d4).
White writes down his
move as Nc2-d4.
Black's move is Bc8-g4.
Aá
Special moves: To note down 'en passant'
Upper left: we write the letters e.p. after
taking (x): Rdóxaó the move, e.g: b4xa3 e.p.
Upper right: At right, White's move is
check (+): Bg5-h6+ written as 1. eVxfSR; Black's
move as 1.... RfB-e8.
Lower left:
promotion: b2-blQ For mate we write either
(Q=queen, R=rook, (check)mate or #.
B=bishop, N=knight)
The 1. is the move number.
Lower right: In score books the move
castling: 0-0 numbers are already indi-
(0-0-0 = castling queenside) cated.

54 First step
Notation The long notation: A

•ái

I • •
i ii A

Black castles queenside. The white pawn promotes to

a queen.
Material Winning material: A

1 le» 1 i ir 1*
A AAAA áiAWAAA A % AA
A A % «r A i A A AA A
A &
A A AA AAA
A A& .
:
AA AAA A <á? AA AAA

I
AA AAAA
AA AWAA
A IAAWA AA A
AAA A % A A A
AA A AA A
AAAA AB AA A A

I WI+ 1 *
AA * A AA ir A A
A A A A A
A AA A
AA A A A
A A^ A A A
A AAA A

I
i AAA AA AAA4
% A% HA
A ^A W• A A A A
A« A A
i. ^
AA WAAA A A '-i
W é f\

56