Professional Documents
Culture Documents
WWI 20091201 Dec 2009 PDF
WWI 20091201 Dec 2009 PDF
WWI 20091201 Dec 2009 PDF
Water Works
Water Industry construction, growth continues
despite global economic slowdown
Product Review
Water Sampling & Analytical
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The fi rst
climb of Mount Everest
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16 18 27
Contents
December/January 2009/2010 Vol. 24 Issue 6
$55 Single copies US & Int’l, $36 Digital (worldwide)
To receive this magazine in a digital format, go to www.omeda.com
Regulars
PACKAGE TREATMENT
3 Perspective
24 Compact Treatment Systems to Serve Grain Mills
4 News
32 Product Review: Water Sampling & Analytical ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
34 Technology Roundup: Odor Control 26 Acoustic Doppler Flow Monitoring System Tackles the World’s
37 New Products Largest River
40 Ad Index/Web Promo
PROCES OPTIMIZATION
20 Energy Efficiency of Water and Wastewater Treatment:
News Highlights
An International Benchmarking Program
4 GLV Acquires Majority Stake in Christ Water Technology
6 Company Names New Managing Director for South Asia Pacific
WATER REUSE 6 ITT Inks $2.6 Million Deal for Offshore Platform Equipment
22 Continuous Sand Filters Used in Major Saudi Irrigation Project 8 Brazilian City Conducts Large-Scale Pipe Bursting
9 Water For People wins International Recognition
NUTRIENT REMOVAL
23 Chinese Market Turning To Nutrient Removal
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PUBLISHER Timm Dower SR. VP & GROUP PUBLISHER: Lyle Hoyt ASIA: SINGAPORE:
tdower@Pennwell.com PRESIDENT/CEO: Robert F. Biolchini Joanna Wong-Monis - Advertising Manager
MANAGING EDITOR James Laughlin CHAIRMAN Frank T. Lauinger T: +(65) 9062 6227 – E: joanna@pennwell.sg
jamesL@pennwell.com ADVERTISING SALES EUROPE: HONG KONG:
DESIGN EDITOR Heather Skeith Roy Morris - Sales Manager Adonis Mak - Media Representive
heathers@pennwell.com T: +44 (0)1992 656 613 – E: rmorris@Pennwell.com T: +8 52 2838 6298 – E: adonism@actintl.com.hk
DIGITAL MEDIA EDITOR Angela Godwin UNITED STATES/CANADA: JAPAN:
angelag@Pennwell.com EASTERN CANADA, NORTHEAST USA: Manami Konishi, Masaki Mori and Kimie Takemura, ICS Convention
PRODUCTION MANAGER Rae Lynn Cooper Craig Wiggins - Regional Manager Design. Inc., 6F Chiyoda Bldg., 1-5-18 Sarugakucho, Chiyoda-ku,
raec@pennwell.com T: +1 610-430-8181 – E: craigw@pennwell.com Tokyo 101-8449, Japan; Tel: +81-3-3219-3641; Fax: +81-3-3219-
MARKETING MANAGER Johnny Lantz SOUTHEAST USA: 3628; E-mail: konishi-manami@ics-inc.co.jp, masaki.mori@ics-inc.
johnnyl@pennwell.com Dottie LaFerney - Sales Manager co.jp, takemura-kimie@ics-inc.co.jp
CIRCULATION & AUDIENCE Emily Martha Martin T: +1 512-858-7927 – E: dottiel@pennwell.com INDIA:
DEVELOPMENT MANAGER emilym@pennwell.com MIDWEST & WESTERN COAST USA: Paresh Shingala - Media Representive
SR VP AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT Gloria S. Adams Amy Bailie - Regional Manager T: +(91) 44 535 8075 – E: shingala_asso@vsnl.net
& BOOK PUBLISHING gloriaa@pennwell.com T: +1 918-832-9241 – E: amyb@pennwell.com RUSSIA:
BULLETIN BOARDS: Svetlana Strukova - Regional Manager
CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS, PENNWELL CORPORATION Milt Alexander - Sales Manager T: +7 095 1136 370 – E: Svetlanas@pennwell.com
1421 S. SHERIDAN ROAD, TULSA, OK 74112 USA T: +1 248-356-5440 – E: milta@pennwell.com
SUBSCRIBER SERVICE: P.O.Box 3209 Northbrook, IL USA 60065-3209, Tel: (847) 559-7501 Fax: (847) 291-4816 E-mail: wwi@omeda.com, Water & Wastewater International is published six times a year. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or
personal use is granted by Water & Wastewater International. No part of Water & Wastewater International may be reproduced without the express written permission of the publisher. The statements made or opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect
the views of Water & Wastewater International or PennWell Corporation. Subscriptions: US $246 a year, Digital-$138.00. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Subscriber Service, Water & Wastewater International, P.O. Box 3209, Northbrook, IL USA 60065-3209
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Perspective
Water Market
Continues Growth Despite
Global Recession
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orld demand for water treatment prod- In the least developed parts of Asia and Africa, mar-
James Laughlin
ucts is projected to increase 5.7 per- ket gains will be among the fastest in the world, but
Managing Editor
cent per year to $59 billion in 2013, well even spectacular growth will leave several hundred mil-
above the rate of economic growth in lion people without access to safe water or even mini-
essentially every region. In addition, the marketplace is mal sanitation facilities.
evolving, with smaller players filling local needs as the In the large Middle Eastern market, gains will be
influence of larger, global companies wanes, according prompted by continued expansion of desalination ca-
to two recent market reports. pacity in the region, not only in the “textbook case”
According to a report from the Freedonia Group, desalination leaders Saudi Arabia, the United Arab
based in the USA, large, yet still developing markets Emirates and Kuwait, but also in countries such as Al-
such as China and India will register the fastest growth geria, Israel and Libya. The expansion of desalination
in the next few years, due to continued industrial ex- will boost demand for evaporators and membrane sys-
tems, but will limit opportunities for chemicals and other
water treatment products which are not used as much
for desalinated water, which usually has very low levels
“Despite the funding issues that beset the industry on both a global and of dissolved solids, the Freedonia Group reported.
a local scale, water is still seen as an attractive asset class. The private Despite the global recession, or perhaps become
sector has a crucial role to play – by 2015 we estimate that 16% of the of it, a number of fundamental changes are occurring
world’s population will be served by the private sector. This is reflected in within the industry, according to the 11th edition of the
the number of contracts awarded this year, which although small, shows Water Yearbook published by Pinsent Masons, a global
30 contract gains, showing exceptional players can still close deals even in infrastructure law firm and a specialist in water projects.
these difficult times.” Most notable among the changes is the emergence of
smaller players onto the global stage, for instance from
–Dr. David Lloyd Owen, water consultant and author of the Pinsent Masons report China and Brazil, as the trend towards local contracts
continues.
pansion and concerted efforts to expand access to China itself is now the driver of the global water in-
safe water supplies and adequate sanitation facilities, dustry, while member countries of the Organisation for
especially in rural areas. In more developed markets, Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) now
advances will also be fairly strong due to initiatives account for less than half of all contracts (compared to
which focus on improving drinking water quality, reduc- 84% a decade ago). Finally, the “big five” water com-
ing wastewater discharge and increasing wastewater panies, which used to dominate the industry, have now
treatment and reutilization rates. consolidated into the “big two”, but still control a 33%
These and other trends are presented in Freedonia's share of the total global water market.
new study, World Water Treatment Products. Dr. David Lloyd Owen, water consultant and author
While the recent economic downturn will result in of the Pinsent Masons report, said, “Despite the fund-
some deceleration of market growth from the very strong ing issues that beset the industry on both a global and
advances posted in the 2003-2008 period, prospects a local scale, water is still seen as an attractive asset
in most regions will remain substantial, the study found. class. The private sector has a crucial role to play – by
However, the reasons underlying the continuing expan- 2015 we estimate that 16% of the world’s population
sion of the water treatment products market around the will be served by the private sector. This is reflected
world vary immensely between regions. In the most de- in the number of contracts awarded this year, which
veloped markets -- the US, Canada, Japan and most although small, shows 30 contract gains, showing ex-
of Western Europe -- gains will result from efforts to ceptional players can still close deals even in these dif-
increase water reuse rates, improve the aesthetic qual- ficult times.”
ity of drinking water and further reduce the chances of Freedonia's World Water Treatment Products report
water contamination. Such efforts will boost demand is for sale. More information may be found on the com-
for products such as advanced membrane systems, pany's website, www.freedoniagroup.com. The Pinsent
disinfection equipment and specialty chemicals used in Masons Water Yearbook can be downloaded for free by
industrial wastewater treatment. visiting: www.pinsentmasons.com/wateryearbook. WWi
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Worldwide News
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Since 1933, Gorman-Rupp has defined growth for the pump industry as an innovator and leader.
We design and manufacture pumps to exacting standards. Our passion for pumps and rigorous
manufacturing techniques mean that Gorman-Rupp pumps are the best performing and most
durable in the industry. It’s been that way for 75 years.
Visit GRpumps.com for more information on the pumps that are shaping the industry.
GRpumps.com
F-457 © Copyright, The Gorman-Rupp Company, 2009 Gorman-Rupp – Mansfield Division is an ISO 9001 Registered Company
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Worldwide News
treatment systems for an offshore oil platform in the Bay of Campeche, off the eastern coast of Mexico. The project includes ITT The machines are remotely operated and
fitted with cameras and lighting equipment,
Goulds pumps and ITT C’treat water process systems necessary for maintaining life support systems on-board, including drinking
which allows staff controlling the sub to
water and process water. assess the interior of the tanks without
“The main focus on a platform is oil production, but if critical support systems fail, production stops,” said Dragados Offshore having to drain the facilities first. They are
also used solely within clean potable water
Mexico Project Director Jose A. Garcia-Figueras. “The water systems we install must be made of reliable equipment to ensure that environments and are cleaned and disin-
freshwater availability does not become a concern for platform managers.” fected prior to every use to ensure they can
ITT C’treat has 30 years of experience in providing freshwater systems to the offshore petroleum industry. The company’s desali- be safely used in the public water supply.
nation products and complete water systems are installed on hundreds of offshore platforms around the world. Dragados Offshore
Mexico selected ITT C’treat for this project as a single-source OEM to provide the entire water treatment process.
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Environmentally sound
7+(HFRQRPLFDODQGHFRORJLFDO
Ease of field changes
ZDVWHZDWHUFROOHFWLRQV\VWHP
Shallow burial depth
Smaller pipes
Low O&M
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Worldwide News
Brazilian City Conducts Large-Scale Pipe Bursting The Grundoburst system was used to replace 2.4 km of
defective drinking water pipe in 20 days.
Campinas, also known as the Brazilian Silicon Valley, ing rods, started to replace the
is one of the largest cities in Brazil with more than 1 mil- old asbestos cement pipes ID 50
lion inhabitants in its metropolitan area. In some districts mm with PE pipes OD 63 mm in
the city’s water authority SANASA was facing ongoing the calm residential area “Colinas
drinking water loss caused by leaks in the 30 year old do Ermitage”. The total replace-
pipeline network. For economic, ecologic and time rea- ment length of 400 m was burst
sons, it was decided to completely renew the damaged in sections of 50 m - 100 m due
drinking water pipelines instead of repeatedly repairing to several sewer, gas and telecom-
them. For this reason Sanasa purchased a Grundoburst munication lines along the bursting
400 G3 (Manufacturer: Tracto-Technik GmbH & Co. KG, path and a large drain pipe running
Germany) as the first water authority in Brazil to do so. parallel to the old drinking water
The actual replacement works are carried out by pipeline.
SANASA, having started in the district of Sousas with As the exact position of this ex-
about 2.4 km of defective drinking water pipes to be isting underground service line was
exchanged trenchlessly. On June 16th the Grundoburst not known, this was the perfect
400 G3, equipped with Ø 35 mm Quick Lock burst- task for applying the static pipe
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Worldwide News
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Creative Finance
By David Trouba
Innovative Financing
in Sanitation for Poor People
“The Water Supply & Sanitation Collaborative Council’s main foray and contribution in innova-
tive sanitation financing came in 2008 with the creation of Global Sanitation Fund.”
I
t is estimated that 2.5 billion people lack a decent, safe toi- financing mechanism in sanitation. The future should see more.
let. The Millennium Development Goal target of halving the This is because today we are seeing a shifting paradigm around san-
number of people without access to sanitation by 2015 is the itation in general, and this affects how financing is done. Until recently,
furthest of the various global development targets set in 2000 sanitation has been stuck in a box as an old-fashioned, uncreative,
from being achieved. public sector activity. Most governments and agencies have seen sani-
Around the world, 10 million children die every year. Poor sanita- tation as something done to people – and usually tacked on to water
tion and hygiene are the chief or underlying causes in over half of programs as a minor aspect. Governmental sanitation policies – if they
these deaths. Unfortunately, donors, governments, organizations existed at all – were based on subsidizing the cost of latrines or toilets,
and other financiers have until recently virtually orphaned sanitation i.e. building toilets for people whether they wanted them or not.
by placing it as an add-on to water programs or ignoring it. We hear Across the developing world about half of those toilets built by
or see these days that celebrities champion water causes left and governments are used for some other purpose -- as store rooms for
right, but who sticks out their neck and their voice to champion toilets food, goats, bicycles and other valued possessions. The engineers
and excrement? built the toilets from their technical point of view – making toilets, dig-
Not many, which is why the United Nations sponsored “Interna- ging sewers, and getting excrement away and out of sight to be dealt
tional Year of Sanitation” in 2008 worked to help raise awareness of with scientifically. In poor countries, with neither the money nor the
the importance of sanitation and the need for new resources – of water for centralized sewerage systems, the engineers didn’t know
people, ideas and money – for the subject. Since 2008, many good how to serve the mass of the people.
things have been happening in the area of sanitation financing. In- But now sanitation is moving out of its box into a new paradigm,
deed, there are more people involved – though not quite the celebri- namely that of a major, market-driven everyday human economic
ties just yet. New ideas are being developed and more money for activity. Governments are changing policies to emphasize hygiene
the sector is likely just around the corner. This is important, because promotion, demand creation and sanitation marketing. Most exter-
good sanitation has a proven, beneficial effect on people’s health, nal development agencies have already changed their policies in this
environment, dignity and economic well being. way. In the future the aid money and government budgets will be
The Water Supply & Sanitation Collaborative Council’s (WSSCC) spent on persuading people to raise sanitation up their own priority
main foray and contribution in innovative sanitation financ-
ing came in 2008 with the creation of Global Sanitation “Across the developing world about half of
Fund (GSF). The purpose of the Global Sanitation Fund
is to help large numbers of poor people to attain safe and those toilets built by governments are used
sustainable sanitation services and adopt good hygiene
practices. It is a single pooled fund open to contributions
for some other purpose – as store rooms
from any source including governments, foundations and
the private sector. The money is allocated to Executing
for food, goats, bicycles and other valued
Agencies in carefully selected countries, which then grant possessions.”
funds to Sub-Grantees who implement the sanitation and
hygiene work programs agreed for each country. The whole sys- lists, and to improve their own sanitation service.
tem is being closely monitored by WSSCC, as well as in country and Then, once demand is generated, the local entrepreneurs and
global audit mechanisms. service providers will be ready to meet this increased demand. Think
People-centered and nationally owned, it is a demand-driven of this: just as almost anybody in the world can now get a cell phone
mechanism to bring new funds into the sector, and it is the first fund and good customer service, so everybody should be able to get a
of its kind. Currently there is about $60 million in the fund. The GSF toilet with full customer service – supplying the components, con-
is just getting underway, with procurements over the last few months structing it, maintaining it and collecting the contents to use for their
taking place for Executing Agencies and Country Programme Moni- economic value.
tors in Madagascar, Senegal, Uganda and Nepal, with other coun- With the demand for toilets created, a tremendous opportunity
tries set to follow. will exist for a market to be served. In this scenario, the market will
While WSSCC is not a donor or funding agency per se, through the meet the people’s demands by providing for toilets at the household
Global Sanitation Fund WSSCC will promote innovation in sanitation level, pit emptying, public toilet management, fertilizer sales, meth-
work and provide some resources to help the innovation that is show- ane generation, and a range of other profitable business lines related
cased and the knowledge that is generated to be shared and dissemi- to sanitation. The work of meeting this demand will be done mostly
nated widely. It is, we hope, an example of just one innovative type of by small local entrepreneurs and not by big commercial companies.
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Creative Finance
E-Billing Software
Streamlines Construction Management
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ater industry con- to take advantage of the opportuni-
tractor KMI Plus, ties for electronic information man-
has been able agement across its supply chain and
to transform its create time, cost and productivity
finance function savings.
following the implementation of e- Peter Hellewell, Cost & Administra-
billing software from ECM specialist, tion Manager, at KMI Plus, explains,
The Content Group. The Formscape “We wanted to reduce the volume
Business Editions software enables of paper within the finance depart-
the company to receive and manage ment, reduce the admin burden on
invoices. finance staff and improve transpar-
In taking a forward-thinking ap- ency across the supply chain.”
proach to financial information man- In order to meet these goals, the
agement, KMI Plus is now able to company selected Enterprise Con-
process hundreds of invoices in min- tent Management (ECM) specialist,
utes rather than days, and the com- The Content Group, to implement a
pany is also able to archive historical new e-billing platform. “The Content
accounting information electronically Group’s experience with other con-
rather than having to take up valuable tractors with similar business issues
storage space in the office. KMI Plus’ and processes gave us confidence in
suppliers also benefit from a reduc- their ability to meet our expectations,
tion in their paper, printing and post- and we liked the professionalism and
age costs, and they are guaranteed technical knowledge of their consul-
to be paid on time. tants,” Hellewell said.
KMI Plus has a hugely complex
COMPANY BACKGROUND supply chain and over a 12-month
KMI brings together the combined KMI Plus is part of United Utilities AMP4 Capital Program period the company receives in
strengths of Kier Group PLC, The delivery team. the region of 80,000 invoices. With
Murphy Group and Interserve Project this in mind, KMI Plus was keen to
Services Ltd., creating a partnership to meet the current and future automate the delivery of invoices from its suppliers. To achieve this
demands of the UK Water Industry Asset Management Programme. objective, The Content Group recommended the Formscape docu-
KMI also operates alongside Mouchel as KMI Plus providing detailed ment process automation system, and the Invu document archiving
design and construction services as part of United Utilities’ £400mil- system. Both systems were integrated with the company’s COINS
lion AMP4 Capital Programme delivery team. The Parent Companies financial software, enabling the creation of a paperless invoicing strat-
of KMI have a combined annual turnover in excess of £4 billion, giving egy across the entire organisation.
the organisation the financial strength, skills, and resources neces- Over time, the majority of KMI Plus’ suppliers have embraced the
sary to execute water projects of any size throughout the UK. new e-billing business model and have started to submit electronic
invoices. Currently, over 60% of invoices are submitted electronically
PAPERLESS INVOICING and the company has set a goal of increasing this to 80% by April
As a forward-thinking construction company, KMI Plus was keen 2010. WWi Enquiry No. 148
Those entrepreneurs will need help accessing the market and they benefits for every dollar invested, for people, local entrepreneurs, and
will need loan or equity finance. So work is underway by a wide range the people supporting them. WWi
of actors, from sanitation professionals to bankers, to help find and
supply the finance that is needed to create the market. About the Author: David Trouba is Programme Officer Commu-
Just how big is the sanitation market? Most experts say the mar- nications, for the Water Supply & Sanitation Collaborative Council
ket is relatively substantive, requiring a minimum of US $8 billion per (WSSCC). Trouba joined WSSCC in April 2008. Prior to joining the
year, for a period of 10 years to meet the MDG target for sanita- Council, he worked for 10 years at the Stockholm International Water
tion. This translates to an estimated investment of US$85 billion with Institute (SIWI), serving most recently as its Communications Director.
an estimated US$650 billion worth of social externalities, presenting He was responsible for the overall communications, marketing and
scalable opportunities for banks, the social sector and other inves- media strategies for SIWI and its various sub-programs, including the
tors. In other words, nearly 8 dollars in direct and indirect economic World Water Week in Stockholm. Enquiry No. 107
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Process Monitoring
By Rachel Schneider
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t its Edgecumbe cream products plant, new sampler “We also perform sampling to gain measurement of product loss
technology is playing an important role in helping New components to compare against process control targets,” said Fon-
Zealand’s Fonterra Dairy Cooperative further optimize terra Senior Technologist Harold Prieditis. “From this data we initiate
process control and minimize product loss. corrective action for loss minimization where applicable.”
Sampling is a critically important task in the dairy in- Prieditis said yield enhancement through loss reduction and con-
dustry. Since the 1970s, special emphasis has been given to waste- tinuous improvement is an important strategy for Fonterra.
water sampling because tighter restrictions on wastewater discharge “At a current value of about $5.20/kg milk solids, significant finan-
have placed greater accountability on the industry. Today, wastewater cial gains are possible by reducing losses by even a small amount,”
sampling is also highly important in loss reduction programs, to help he said.
maximize the bottom line. Fortunately, in- Sampling at Fonterra’s many processing
novations in sampling technology have plants is conducted from process pipelines,
helped bring efficiencies to these pro- or from wastewater sumps and drains, ei-
grams and lessen the time and labor ther inside or external to the plant.
workload. “External wastewater drains are moni-
The Fonterra Dairy Cooperative in New tored daily by specialized permanent
Zealand is the country’s largest company, measurement systems,” Prieditis said.
with revenue representing more than 25 “Sometimes external upstream contribu-
percent of total New Zealand exports. It tory drains need to be surveyed for loss
is also the world’s largest dairy exporter, segregation purposes and a portable
processing about 15 billion liters of dairy type of sampler may be used for this.”
products annually and exporting to more
than 140 markets. Fonterra is owned by EQUIPPED FOR ALL SAMPLING
more than 10,000 supplier shareholders METHODS
who together own about 3.8 million cows. Sampling systems in use at Fonterra
Fonterra’s strong drive for innova- production sites include various types
tion and efficiency has prompted loss and models of air operated piston sam-
monitoring technology and information plers, a range of solenoid valves, vacuum
systems to be installed at all of its manu- samplers, and several types of peristaltic
facturing sites. The objective is to mini- samplers.
mize the amount of milk solids going into “There are even some innovative and
wastewater from processing operations The portable SD900 sampler is being used by techni- very good low-technology solutions in
and equipment cleaning. Fonterra has de- cal staff at the Edgecumbe Cream Products Plant sampling dairy wastewater,” Prieditis said.
to quantify wastewater losses from various process
veloped specialized treatment and mea- start-up and shut-down stages, then feedback of this “Due to the large range of sampling du-
surement techniques aimed at achieving information to Plant Operators is used to improve ties and the variety of conditions present,
best-in-class dairy production and pro- control by minimizing product losses in line flushes. there is no single type of sampler that is
cessing, as well as wastewater management and beneficial reuse. best suited for every application. But portable and automatic sam-
plers have a very important role in many of our wastewater survey
DETERMINING EFFICIENCIES, REDUCING LOSSES and monitoring situations.”
To monitor compliance to specific resource consent (discharge) For example, Fonterra recently deployed a Hach Sigma SD900
conditions, determine efficiency and operation parameters before Automatic Sampler (Hach SD900) for wastewater sampling at its
and after wastewater treatment, and to monitor trials for acceptance Edgecumbe site. The site consists of three main manufacturing fa-
criteria during project commissioning, Fonterra conducts ongo- cilities: cream products, protein, and whey plants. Whole milk is re-
ing sampling programs to perform analysis and characterization of ceived daily from nearby farms. The milk is then pasteurized and sep-
wastewater composition. arated into skim milk and cream. The cream is directed to the cream
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Process Monitoring
products plant for manufacture into ples by hour of the day via a rotator
export butter and anhydrous milk or carousel function independent
fat. The new portable sampler is of time or flow paced sampling,”
used at the cream products plant Prieditis said. “This is so that
to quantify wastewater losses from composition of the wastewater in
various process start-up and shut- the 24x1L sample bottles can be
down stages. aligned properly to the manufac-
By quantifying wastewater turing processes involved.”
losses through the use of ongoing “There are instances where
sampling, the amount of product for logistical and safety reasons,
losses in line flushes is minimized. it’s preferable to use a portable
“The cream products plant re- 12vdc sampler with flexibility of
quired a portable sampler as part greater control options, and the
of its design for a new permanent The Cream Products Plant at Edgecumbe required a spare portable Hach SD900 meets that criteria
wastewater loss monitoring system sampler to be available for on-demand type of survey work as part well,” Prieditis said. “The sampler’s
of a new systems monitoring project in late 2008. The Hach SD900
installed in August 2008,” Prieditis sampler enables wastewater loss surveys and investigations to be ability to take a specified sample
said. “The update was necessary done more effectively in specific process improvement and end-of- volume consistently from a vari-
because the availability of spare pipe situations. able flow and the apportionment
parts and consumable items and of samples into 24x1L sample
the cost of imported components for our older types of samplers bottles are important features. Plus, the sampler’s programmable in-
had become serious issues.” tegrated microprocessor makes it ideal for use in situations requiring
The Hach SD900 has enabled wastewater loss surveys and in- more complex sampling capability.”
vestigations to be performed more effectively in specific process im- Based on the positive experience with its initial SD900 Sampler,
provement and end-of-pipe situations. Fonterra has since specified 15 additional units. WWi
MULTI-FUNCTIONAL SAMPLING About the Author: Rachel Schneider is the Flow & Sampling Prod-
“An important requirement of a sampler for wastewater survey uct Manager at the Hach Company in Loveland, Colorado, USA.
work in the dairy industry is to be able to segregate composite sam- Enquiry No. 100
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ccording to the United Nations Human Development the Nyapea installation. “The USPC inverters were the perfect solu-
Report, more than 1.1 billion people have inadequate tion from a design, installation, and operational standpoint. The units
access to clean water. This number is growing, making are working without the need for maintenance and are making it very
access to fresh water an increasingly critical problem to easy for users to monitor the well and the water pumping system.”
be addressed, particularly in developing nations where Following on the heels of BBM’s Uganda installations, the USPC
electrical infrastructure is not available. Innovative solutions to help was adopted for use in the Northeast African country of Eritrea,
solve this problem have become a necessity, and one such solution where 10 solar pumping stations were installed to provide water to
is the Universal Solar Pump Controller (USPC), a unique “gridless” communities that lack electrical infrastructure.
pump-controlling technology that converts solar energy to electricity
for powering pumping devices. THE TECHNOLOGY
The USPC, developed by AeroVironment, Inc. (AV), helps provide The USPC originated in 1993, when Coors Brewing Company
water to regions that have little or no grid-tied electricity. In the East entered the solar market through a subsidiary called Golden Pho-
African Republic of Uganda, much of the country remains uncon- ton, which sought to create a new, inexpensive solar panel made of
nected to the electrical grid, and in the town of Kitgum, more than cadmium telluride. Golden Photon contracted with AV to build a solar
300 kilometers north of Kampala, the capital of Uganda, the USPC pump controller (SPC). It was envisioned that the technology could
provides water to the community using solar generated electricity. be used to pump water for rural towns and villages that had no ac-
The Austrian firm BBM built the solar water pumping stations cess to an electrical grid.
for the town of Kitgum. AV’s USPC was selected to drive the water After the AV-Golden Photon project concluded, the SPC con-
pumps, and two 10,000-Watt USPC units are now helping to provide cept continued, becoming AV’s Universal Solar Pump Controller. AV
Kitgum with fresh water daily. One is installed at the Kitgum Technical added the U for “universal” after its engineers modified the software
Institute, and this system now pumps more than 26,500 gallons of to run a multitude of motors with various solar module technologies
water per day. Another unit is deployed in a system that yields some (thin film or crystalline), offering a major advantage over other solar
15,850 gallons daily at the Y.Y. Okot Memorial College. inverters on the market.
A third USPC, a 5,000 watt unit, was later installed in Nyapea, The USPC can be used to drive a single-phase or three-phase
Uganda, to provide water to the region’s major hospital. While the AC submersible pump directly from photovoltaic modules. It main-
project was under construction, BBM used the USPC to help train tains a constant volts/Hz ratio to allow standard AC pumps to run at
technicians and engineers on the techniques of solar water pumping. lower speeds without distress. This enables easy, soft starts and the
“Maintaining water supply is the biggest problem for all institutions efficient use of lower-than-peak photovoltaic output levels over the
in Uganda,” said Norbert Demmelbauer, BBM’s project manager on course of the day with off-the-shelf pumps.
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The USPC offers variable speed opera- “Each pump supplies approximately 30,000 gallons of water per day,
tion, which maximizes system performance which would otherwise cost the state about $15,000 a month.”
by adjusting pump speed to match the Parsons adds that this allows California to use the savings to pay
available solar power. This allows the con- for feed instead of electricity – a very important factor in the continued
troller to maximize the amount of water survival of the state’s last native breeding herd of Tule Elk, whose
delivered to the user. In addition, its peak offspring have been used to repopulate other areas of the Western
power tracking capability lets the control- United States.
ler constantly adjust for peak output from For more information about AeroVironment, go to www.avinc.com.
a solar array; this is important because the WWi
voltage and current set points for maximum
power vary throughout the day as solar in- About the Author: David Bernell is Senior Clean Energy Advisor
solation and temperature change. at Think Energy, Inc., a renewable energy consulting firm in Silver
Adding to its cost-effectiveness, the Spring, MD, and Assistant Professor of Political Science at Oregon
USPC has a power conversion efficiency of 97 percent, which is State University. Enquiry No. 101
higher than many other stand alone or
off-grid photovoltaic inverters. Minimum
and maximum speeds are configurable,
and the controller’s power electronics
are programmed to automatically shut
down in the case of a dry well, clogged
Why is Frank so happy?
pump, or shorted wiring. The controller Frank is a Water Resources Engineer
Engineer.
also has a remote shutdown switch for
filling water tanks and a fault-detection Frank just finished a storm and sanitary sewer modeling project for a local city.
LED display.
An additional feature, especially im- He only had to use one comprehensive model.
portant in a climate like Uganda’s, is the
He saved valuable time using existing GIS data.
USPC’s ability to regulate its maximum
operating temperature internally. In- He impressed his client with remarkable
stead of shutting off at a specified tem- tabular and visual results.
perature, the unit gradually reduces its
power usage. This prevents overheat- He knows the results he got were accurate
ing so that the controller can continue because the model was
running in very hot weather. fully dynamic, time tested,
The USPC is also designed to make EPA and FEMA approved
installation simple. The technology em- and engineer supported.
ploys a configurable DIP (dual in-line
package) switch feature, which lets Best of all, he saved his client
the installer easily establish settings in nearly a million dollars and
the field without software or other so- they re-hired him for their
phisticated devices. This significantly next project.
simplifies installation in remote settings.
Lastly, as it is designed for use in harsh
conditions, the controller is enclosed in
a rugged, outdoor-rated NEMA (Na-
tional Electrical Manufacturers Associa-
tion) 3R steel case.
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Water Treatment The BASF Facility in the Netherlands installed an ultrasonic water
treatment system from Ashland Hercules Water Technologies.
O
btaining maximum benefit from water Engineers from BASF and Ashland worked together
used for industrial processes is a top- to replace the dosing and storage systems for cooling
most priority for manufacturing fa- water chemicals and install a Sonoxide B25 system in
cilities. Often water treatment regimes combination with Enviroplus® scale and corrosion in-
require robust chemical applications hibitor, which is non-toxic and minimizes environmental
that can involve not only costs, but also impact the impact by making use of natural, biodegradable and
ability of a manufacturing site to reduce its influence The patented Sonoxide technology renewable ingredients
on the environment. works by passing water through an (biodegradable BCA-
ultrasonic chamber where bacterial
A two-year collaboration between Ashland Hercu- cells are exposed to a combination
polymers and low phos-
les Water Technologies (AHWT), a commercial unit of of low-power, high-frequency ultra- phorous PSA phospho-
Ashland Inc., and BASF has shown that by using a sound and micro-bubble aeration. nate). As a result, neither
combination of ultrasonic microbiological control and bleach nor sulfuric acid was necessary for the contin-
corrosion inhibitors, not only can environmental performance be en- ued treatment of cooling water at the BASF facility.
hanced, but a dramatic reduction in total costs of operations can also Through the new treatment program, the cooling water now runs
be documented. four cycles of concentrations, instead of the previous three cycles.
In 2007, BASF Nederland B.V. was looking beyond the standard The ability to use retained water for an additional cycle reduces overall
methods for cooling water treatment at the company’s resin produc- water consumption and reduces the blow down by 30 percent. The
tion plant in the Netherlands. Knowing that the European Union’s (EU) system parameters are controlled by an Ashland Onguard® E control-
Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) directive would ler, and the corrosion rate is measured by corrosion coupons.
soon be adopted (codified Jan. 15, 2008), BASF wanted the best The patented Sonoxide technology works by passing water through
available technology for its existing cooling water system. The current an ultrasonic chamber where bacterial cells are exposed to a combina-
system, a 150 m³ half-open cooling water circuit with indirect cool- tion of low-power, high-frequency ultrasound and micro-bubble aera-
ing of chillers of a secondary circuit and direct process cooling, was tion. When exposed to the system, some bacteria cells die and some
ready for an upgrade. become impaired resulting in the reduction of overall bacteria levels and
BASF used nine criteria to review available water treatment pro- the elimination of biofilm within the total cooling water system.
grams. The most important measure was to evaluate the environ- The BASF cooling water system has passed the two-year mile-
mental performance of a program and its potential to improve the stone under this program. Microbiological control is monitored regu-
plant’s environmental footprint. In addition, the company followed larly by Ashland and results consistently show water quality levels
the guidelines for reduction of emissions of chemical substances to well within acceptable guidelines. Samples tested for Legionella also
water out of the IPPC document. In line with the BAT approach, the show that control is being maintained.
applications of the potential techniques to reduce emissions to the In addition to microbial control, corrosion rates have been low-
aquatic environment were considered in the following manner: ered (from 0.3-0.4 mpy to 0.23 mpy). In 2009, BASF applied for the
1. selection of cooling configuration with lower emission level to sur- Responsible Care* award of the VNCI (chemical association in the
face water, Netherlands) and received an honorable mention by the jury for the
2. application of alternative (non-chemical) cooling water treatment, company’s efforts in improving its environmental profile.
3. selection of cooling water additives with the aim of reducing im- Cost was another consideration BASF used in evaluating an ef-
pact on the environment, fective water treatment program. When BASF compared its previous
4. optimized application (monitoring and dosage) water treatment costs to those associated with the ultrasonic water
of cooling water additives. treatment system, engineers found that operating expenses were
reduced by 80 percent, chemical use was reduced by 90 percent
Ultimately, BASF opted to replace its complete and feed water savings of 20 percent were achieved. Results show
cooling water treatment program, which was a con- a preliminary annual savings of 20,000 euros from feed water and
jugated phosphate treatment requiring a pH adjust- chemical use reductions.
Edwin Jonker, AHWT Repre- ment through sulfuric acid dosing and bleach as In addition to the savings and performance improvements achieved
sentative (Sonoxide Champion the biocide program. by BASF the overall environmental concerns were reduced.
Netherlands); Eduard de Baat,
BASF; and Olaf Pohlmann The company determined that Ashland’s Son- “We’ve eliminated the need for our utility operator to handle concen-
Sonoxide Commercial Lead oxide® ultrasonic water treatment system was the trated acid and chlorine containers. This means that he can now focus
EMEA, hold the Responsible on more meaningful parts of his job, which can lead to new improve-
optimal solution as part of an overall water treat-
Care award for BASF’s efforts
in improving its environmental ment program. ments in other areas of system performance,” said de Baat. WWi
profile. “We looked into the best available treatment tech-
nology for our cooling water system and the benefits of Ashland’s pro- About the Author: Olaf Pohlmann is SONOXIDE® Commercial
gram are clear and simple — it just works,” said Eduard de Baat, senior Lead at EMEA, Ashland Hercules Water Technologies.
process engineer, BASF. Enquiry No. 102
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Turnkey Project
Brings Piped Drinking Water to 300,000 People
• The turnkey project was designed to provide a complete system from “catchment to con-
sumer,” with all design, construction and commissioning the responsibility of one company.
AMPARA DISTRICT
The Ampara district is on the east coast of Sri Lanka, population
circa 611,000, with a tropical climate and a long dry season. The
district is rural and primarily agricultural, relying on a large irrigation
network of reservoirs and canals for rice paddy farming.
However, there are water quality and scarcity issues with the tradi-
tional water sources due to intensive farming and resultant fertilizer, soil
and chemical run-off. In the densely populated coastal towns, limited
land availability has resulted in some septic sanitation systems being in-
Raw water fed to the treat-
stalled very close to drinking water wells, with contamination common.
ment plant is extracted from With a growing population, the need for pipe borne safe water has
an irrigation reservoir. never been greater in Ampara.
PROJECT SCOPE
Working closely with NWS&DB, Outotec’s resulting solution was
M
ore than 300,000 people in a remote district of Sri challenging but achievable.
Lanka are today enjoying quality drinking water due The project structure was turnkey “catchment to consumer”,
to a turnkey project undertaken by Outotec for Sri meaning that all design, construction and commissioning from the raw
Lanka’s National Water Supply and Drainage Board water reservoir all the way to the distribution networks at town street
(NWS&DB). level, was under the direct responsibility of Outotec. Outotec was the
The project, built between 1999-2007 in the Ampara district, head contractor, working closely with process designers and equip-
350km from the capital Colombo, is comfortably coping with harsh ment suppliers, and hand-in-hand with local Sri Lankan partners.
local conditions, including unreliable power supply, limited mainte- The combined Phase I and II project scope included raw water
nance, large seasonal raw water quality variations and fluctuations intake structure, a 15.86 mgd (72 ML/day) DAF filtration treatment
in demand. plant including all chemical dosing and residuals handling, clearwater
“After more than two years from Phase II commissioning, the treat- storage, transmission mains, five booster pump stations each with
ment plant is continuing to provide good quality water to consumers, 1600 m3 capacity, nine elevated storage towers of 1125 m3 or 1600
within design targets, 24/7,” said Outotec Project Director Steve Gif- m3 capacity, and nine distribution networks, covering a total project
fin, based in Sri Lanka. area of approximately 500 km2.
The project – which NWS&DB plans to follow with another cover-
ing a further 350,000 people – is a source of satisfaction to Outotec, REMOTE LOCATION
which undertakes turnkey projects throughout Asia and Australasia. The Ampara District location, 350 km from the capital Colombo,
The Ampara district on the east coast of Sri Lanka is one of the created difficulties. An undeveloped region, poor in infrastructure,
least developed areas in the country, being semi-rural, affected by with limited available technology and little local skilled/semi-skilled la-
civil war and disturbance, with the completion of large-scale projects bor, the region’s recent history of civil unrest and difficulty in attracting
presenting a significant challenge. outside contractors had its own unique set of challenges, requiring
In 1997, Sri Lanka’s National Water Supply and Drainage Board patience, flexibility and strong management.
launched a program to provide a large population of previously un-
served communities with quality piped drinking water under the COORDINATION
ECTAD (Eastern Coastal Towns of Ampara District) project. Project management was an extremely complex task due to the
Outotec was awarded the initial and subsequent phase of this magnitude of the project, interaction between the various cultures on
project, carried out from 1999 to 2007. As the complete turnkey sup- the job, language barriers and geographic distance between involved
plier, Outotec was tasked with the design, construction and commis- parties. Mechanical and process design was carried out in Australia, civil
sioning of a water supply scheme, which was to provide piped water and electrical design and detailing in Sri Lanka, with significant partici-
to 300,000 people in the Ampara District for the first time. pation from NSW&DB. An office of expat and local personnel was es-
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Southeast Asia
folding and external crane methods
__________________
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Process Optimization
By Stefania Galletti and Dave Landon
Benchmarking:
Water and Wastewater Energy Efficiency
W
Rc plc, a UK consultancy offering services in
the water, waste and environment sectors, is
coordinating an international program on En-
ergy Efficiency Benchmarking addressed to
water and wastewater services operators.
The program, which started in 2006, currently involves nine water
utilities including four based in the UK, four in Italy and one in Ireland. It
is designed to help utilities identify areas where they can save energy,
monitor improvements in energy use resulting from process changes,
and identify and share Best Practice with others.
WRc is actively seeking additional utilities to participate in the program.
It is important to note that the program focuses upon electricity
consumption reduction, not on the comparison of electricity costs as Aeration systems are a major consumer of energy at wastewater treat-
these can be based on different prices across different geographical ment plants.
areas. However, one of the most relevant objectives of the program is
the reduction of energy costs. In order to effectively manage electricity use at treatment works
Following initial phases to investigate advanced energy bench- and in the distribution network, consistent and tailored monitoring
marking techniques, to develop a web-based software, and to de- of consumption is the key starting point, followed by an analysis of
fine a Best Practice Methodology, the program is now fully operating meter readings (or electricity estimates if readings are not available),
and has been rolled out to permit participants to model any water or eventually leading to the identification of problematic areas. The
wastewater treatment works of their choice. choice of follow-up actions or an intervention plan, when needed, is
The program’s main objective is to provide an answer to the fol- greatly assisted by a benchmarking exercise, both internally and with
lowing questions: external operators, as well as by discussions, sharing of experiences
• Energy: how much are we using, where are we using it and how and know-how on relevant topics.
do we compare with each other? Each of the stages just described has been considered during the
• What is the benchmark for energy efficient treatment? development of the WRc Energy Efficiency Benchmarking Program and
the creation of its web-based software EnergyPI, which can be found
• What can be reasonably achieved in terms of further efficiencies
on a site-specific basis? at www.energypi.com. While full access and use of the software are re-
stricted to those water utilities taking part in the program, some general
Both in water supply and wastewater treatment, electricity con- information on the project has been made available on the website.
sumption is the greatest element of operational costs. The ever-rising For each works entered, the software EnergyPI allows the user to:
price of electricity and concerns over global warming reinforce the need 1. Create the treatment works “schematic”, a simplified graphical
to understand whether electricity is used efficiently, to be able to locate model;
possible inefficiencies and plan for effective interventions where energy 2. Enter the works static data (Population Equivalent - PE, load, flow
use can be reasonably reduced without compromising performance. rate, etc.) and static data of each individual process identified in
the works schematic;
3. Upload time series (primarily flow rates, elec-
Figure 1. Graph showing the monthly variation of actual EPI for the aeration process tricity consumption – meter readings or estimated
– and physical/chemical data) for the whole site as
250000 well as each single process;
Implementation of control scheme
4. Run the calculations, which provide specific ef-
Actual EPI (kwh/1000m3)
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Process Optimization
selected by the project liaison group and implemented in the model’s
calculations. Using the data entered and uploaded by the user, the ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
software provides a variety of actual and theoretical EPIs. The re-
spective values are compared and evaluated to determine how ef- Turbidity Monitor AMI Turbiwell –
ficiently the electricity is used at a works, or by an individual process. Nephelometric non-contact turbidity
The comparison is expanded to the processes and/or works of the monitor for potable water,
other participants, with the facility to select other works with simi-
surface water and effluent.
lar size and effluent characteristics. When the output suggests that
electricity is used inefficiently, “explanatory factors” are automatically
flagged. Operational adjustments or intervention plans may then be
recommended.
As an example, the formula below refers to the actual EPI of a
pump, expressed in kWh/Megalitre of flow volume:
Electricity Consumption (kWh/day)
PumpEPI (actual) in kWh/Ml =
Daily Flow Rate (MI/day)
The pump’s actual EPI is compared with the theoretical (or ideal) EPI,
calculated from the pump’s parameters through the following formula:
Similar equations have been implemented in the software for all com-
mon treatment processes and for the site as a whole. The comparison
between actual and theoretical EPIs allows the user to make an informed
and rational decision aimed at identifying possibilities of improvement.
WRc plays an ongoing role in guiding the participating utilities
in modeling strategy, providing user support in creation of models,
understanding the output and facilitating collaboration between par-
ticipants. Meetings are held twice a year to facilitate discussion and
share experiences and initiatives among the participants, as well as
investigate new ideas and technologies. This leads to a better under-
standing by participants of the Best Practice Methodology.
The performance assessment and benchmarking become even
more significant and useful as more participants join the program. The
software website provides an area for discussion where users can inter-
act and share information and experiences on energy saving initiatives, No direct contact with the sample –
especially between the project meetings. Actively participating in the no fouling of the optical elements.
program also provides a means to monitoring the effects of energy sav-
ing initiatives, and to learn from the experiences of other participants. White LED method.
The graph in Figure 2, a screen shot from the EnergyPI software, Measuring range: 0-100 NTU.
illustrates such benefits.
The graph refers to a wastewater treatment works with PE of
Average sample consumption of
10 liters/hour.
90,000. The operator has used the EnergyPI software to monitor the
effects of an initiative on aeration control in an activated sludge tank. Heated precision optics to avoid
Electricity savings up to 2,000 kWh/day have been achieved since condensation.
implementation of the scheme (Nov 2007). The user has also used the
Automatic purging of the
software to monitor further improvements by adjusting the algorithm
sample chamber.
of the aeration control device. This scheme has been presented by
the operator at WRc and discussed with the other participants, who EPA approval pending.
have been able to estimate the level of electricity savings that the ap-
plication could determine at their own wastewater treatment sites. www.swan-analytical-usa.com
Energy and R&D Managers of the participating companies are now
actively monitoring some of their water and wastewater treatment sites. SWAN ANALYTICAL USA Inc.
The objective is to be able to identify where electricity is used inefficiently 225 Larkin Drive, Unit 4, Wheeling, IL 60090
and what can be done to cut consumption and associated costs, and Phone: (847) 687 4774
therefore also reduce CO2 emissions from operational activities. email: info@swan-analytical-usa.com
For further information on the EnergyPI software, please contact:
benchmarking@wrcplc.co.uk or Amanda Burch (Business Develop- Until December 31st, 2009, SWAN instruments and spare parts are
ment Manager) at +44 (0) 1793 865086. WWi exclusively sold in the USA by IAC. Address: 1 Orchard Park Road,
Madison CT 06443. Phone: 203 245 03 80
Enquiry No. 104
For Info. http://wwi.hotims.com RS# 11
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Water Reuse
By Chris Taylor
T
he Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant, north of within the community.
Dhahran, in Saudi Arabia, will be able to recycle 10 mgd Abqaig, al-Hasa and Tanijib communities all have tertiary waste-
of high quality tertiary water for irrigation purposes, sav- water treatment facilities, and DUD is currently conducting a study to
ing approximately 3 billion gallons of groundwater every upgrade Rahima and ‘Udhailiyah STPs to a tertiary level. According
year. Twenty-four DynaSand filters, from Nordic Water to Munir M. Rafie, Aramco’s executive director, Community, Buildings
Products, were used in this project. and Office Services, this is in line with the company’s interest in the
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is located in one of the world’s most treatment of sanitary drainage water, because of the company’s belief
arid regions, yet beneath the surface lie reserves of fresh water; a in protecting the health and sanitation of the environment and com-
resource which worldwide is only now being seen as finite and in munity. He added that the treatment plants are the most developed
need of conservation and protection. In a country where desert tem- in the region, and are operated according to the latest technology
peratures can approach 45 degrees Centigrade (113 degrees Fahr- available worldwide.
enheit), this concern is even more immediate. The protection of this Throughout the wastewater treatment and effluent re-use pro-
life-giving element falls in Dhahran to DUD - Dhahran Utilities Depart- cesses, the filtration requirements were met by Nordic Water Prod-
ment - which performs a critical function in the distribution of water, ucts (formerly Waterlink) and that company’s DynaSand continuous
the collection of wastewater, and water well maintenance. sand filter. The filters have been used in more than 8,000 installations
As part of DUD’s continuing campaign to conserve water through over 10 years. They have no moving parts, which simplifies mainte-
reclamation and treatment, last summer the department celebrated nance, and they do not have to be taken out of operation for back-
the completion of the expansions of Dhahran North Sewage Treat- washing or cleaning. Simultaneous with the filtration process, fouled
ment Plant (NSTP) and the Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant sand is cleaned in a dedicated wash process and the suspended
(AWTP). Combined, the projects will add 40 percent to the plants’ solids discharged with the wash water.
treatment volume capacity, and will contribute to the annual saving of The DynaSand filter is based on the counterflow principle. The
billions of gallons of groundwater. water to be treated is admitted through the inlet distributor (1) in the
The work was undertaken by Saudi Aramco which owns and op- lower section of the unit and is cleaned as it flows upward through the
erates many water reclamation facilities. The NSTP is located in Doha, sand bed, prior to discharge through the filtrate outlet (2) at the top.
and the AWTP is located inside the Dhahran community. These two The sand containing the entrapped impurities is conveyed from the
plants serve the Saudi Aramco community as well as Doha, Dana, tapered bottom section of the unit (3), by means of an air-lift pump (4),
and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM). to the sand washer (5) at the top. Cleaning of the sand commences
The Dhahran NSTP has been expanded from 8 to 10 million gal- in the pump itself, in which particles of dirt are separated from the
lons per day (mgd) to meet anticipated demand by the year 2010; sand grains by the turbulent mixing action.
and in line with original plans to increase the recycling of tertiary wa- The contaminated sand spills from the pump outlet into the washer
ter, the AWT plant has been expanded from 3 to 10 mgd. Work at labyrinth (6), in which it is washed by a small flow of clean water. The
the NST plant included the installation of two additional settling tanks impurities are discharged through the wash water outlet (7), while the
and a bypass overflow line to divert effluent to the emergency pond grains of clean sand (which are heavier) are retained to the sand bed
during heavy rains. About 3 mgd of the NSTP secondary effluent is (8). As a result, the bed is in constant downward motion through the
further treated at the tertiary level for use in irrigation throughout the unit. Thus, water purification and sand washing both take place con-
community’s planted areas. tinuously, enabling the filter to remain in service without interruption.
The expansion activities at the AWT plant included a new 6 mgd Twenty-four individual filter modules were installed at the Ad-
continuous backwash filter, a 1.5 million gallon storage tank, a new ir- vanced Wastewater Treatment Plant, each having six square meters
rigation pump station and tertiary distribution piping. The project also of horizontal surface area, to be installed in six concrete cells. The
replaced the existing chlorine gas used in both plants with sodium filters’ designed flow capacity is 3,950 gallons per minute, equivalent
hypochlorite. to 897 cubic meters per hour, with maximum capacity some 17 per-
In Dhahran now, 100 percent of wastewater is treated to a ter- cent beyond that. WWi
tiary level and is suitable for irrigation; the effluent pumped out of the
NSTP and treated at the secondary level is pumped to the AWTP and
treated at the tertiary level.
The greatest use for reclaimed water irrigation is for community
landscaping and sports fields. Community landscaping includes
parks for family activities, common green areas in housing develop-
ments, and roadside strips. In Dhahran, some reclaimed water is also
used to water resident’s front gardens, and to grow grass turf for use Enquiry No. 105
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Nutrient Removal
A typical VertiCel installation in the United
States. Similar systems are being used in China.
Chinese Market
Turning to Nutrient removal
T
he VertiCel Process, an advanced biological nutrient requirements for the country’s regulatory agency.
removal technology from Siemens Water Technolo- In its existing design, the anoxic oxidation process at the Xianyang
gies, has seen increased recognition in the Chinese Road wastewater treatment plant was unable to meet the new Class
municipal wastewater market. North China Municipal 1A Total Nitrogen (TN) discharge standards of 15 mg/l. There were
Engineering Design & Research Institute (NCMEDRI) several critical requirements for the plant upgrade: timing was critical
and Tianjin Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute due to a tight construction schedule; space was limited, so existing
(TMEDI) have recently accepted the process technology and infrastructure needed to be used; and normal plant performance was
selected it for their respective municipal wastewater treatment essential during the construction of the new plant. In view of these
plant up-grade projects. The energy-efficient wastewater pro- challenges, the technology upgrade needed to meet both the dis-
cess not only meets stringent effluent requirements of China’s charge standards and also be easily retrofitted into the existing plant.
new Class 1A standards for nitrogen and phosphorus removal, The VertiCel biological nutrient removal system combines me-
but is engineered to save space and energy. chanical aeration in the anoxic tank with diffused aeration in the aer-
The Design Institutes’ acceptance was based on recent results of obic zones optimizing process efficiency. Since the aerated anoxic
a large-scale pilot plant in the city of Tianjin. Siemens Water Technolo- processes used in the VertiCel process nitrifies throughout the entire
gies supplied the VertiCel process to Tianjin Capital Environmental process, it can be retrofitted into existing tanks.
Protection Co., Ltd. (TJCEP) for the retrofit of one of its five existing The system design consumes on average 30% less power when
90,000 cubic meters per day (CMD) wastewater treatment trains at compared to traditional aeration systems. The flexibility of the system
the Xianyang Road Wastewater Treatment Plant. The full-scale pi- allowed the TJCEP to adopt the process to meet its specific needs,
lot system demonstrated the process as a cost-effective solution for while meeting effluent standards. The pilot demonstration was com-
upgrade of existing wastewater treatment infrastructure to meet the pleted in June 2009. Siemens was awarded the contract to update
new Class 1A standards, the most stringent wastewater discharge the 450,000 CMD Xianyang Road Treatment Plant.
Sewage
Potable Water
Raw Water & Irrigation
Drainage
Hydro Power
Thermal Power Cooling
VALVOTUBI IND. SRL
Via M. Monti 30/b, 48100 Ravenna, Italy
Industrial Wastewater
Tel (0039) 0544 452279, Fax (0039) 0544 451148
info@valvotubi.it
E Engineering GmbH
W W W . V A L V O T U B I . I T
___________________
Pischeldorfer Str. 128
9020 Klagenfurt | Austria
T +43.463.48 24 24
F +43.463.48 21 21
info@hobas.com
www.hobas.com
For Info. http://wwi.hotims.com RS# 12
For Info. http://wwi.hotims.com RS# 13
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Package Treatment
By Andrew Walker
T
he industrial production of baked goods and pasta re- ter, organic and fertilizer residues and produces the required drinking
quires great amounts of high-grade treated water so water quality.
that the processes run perfectly and the quality of the In Ruhabat, where the grain mill complex is connected to a large-
end-product is right. In Turkmenistan, Unionmatex In- scale bakery, what is demanded for a production line for baked
dustrieanlagen, a German turnkey supplier of industrial goods and pasta is, among other things, extremely low-salt water in
plants, is building several large-scale grain mill plants with a con- even higher quality with a conductivity of less than 150 μS/cm, and
nected bakery. for another production line of even less than 50 μS/cm. To achieve
The company is relying on Berkefeld water treatment technology to this objective, in the second treatment stage the process steps of
manage the water cycle ranging from the production of drinking and softening and reverse osmosis by a Berkefeld maxiRO™ system will
process water and purification to the recycling of the wastewater. be employed.
“For this project of our customers in Turkmenistan we need a The water part of the overall project of Unionmatex encompasses
the water cycle right up to wastewater. For the latter, Berkefeld is
supplying its WWT 9 Biopur
The water treat-
ment system was
designed and built
at the Berkefeld
production site in
Celle, Germany,
fully assembled on
basic frameworks
and thoroughly
tested in ad-
vance.
type plug-and-
play wastewater
treatment plant. This
robust biological plant copes with
wastewater quantities with organic loads correspond-
ing to 50 or 150 inhabitant equivalents. A follow-up Berkal™ high-
performance disc filter with fully automatic backwashing cleans the
compact water treatment system with ro- water of further suspended particles. The entire wastewater treat-
bust and proven process technology that can be installed ment enables an extremely effective reuse of wastewater, which is
on-site without complications and reliably supply water in the quality then used to water green spaces.
demanded,” said Jürgen P. R. Grobe, Managing Director of Union- “In this demanding project for Unionmatex we have deployed
matex. many elements of our product offer,” said Volker Alps, head of Indus-
Berkefeld, a subsidiary of Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies, try Projects and Building Technology at Berkefeld. “Especially suc-
is supplying a river-water treatment plant for the grain mills in Serdar cessful was the intelligent combination of our process technologies,
and in Ruhabat. The treatment plants will provide drinking water for ranging from drinking and process water to wastewater. Together
the mills, process water for a large-scale bakery and the boiler wa- with our partners at Unionmatex we have supplied a well-rounded
ter backfeed. The raw water used stems from the Karakum Canal concept for the water management of this industrial project.” WWi
which, originating in the Himalayas, crosses the Karakum Desert and
on whose banks intensive agricultural activity takes place. The water
technology was designed and built at the Berkefeld production site in
Celle, Germany, fully assembled on basic frameworks and thoroughly
tested in advance.
In its first treatment stage, the plant encompasses gravel filtration,
UFlex™ ultrafiltration, activated carbon filters, a pure water tank and
booster pumps. This process rids the river water of suspended mat- Enquiry No. 106
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Environmental Monitoring
By Andrew Walker
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Environmental Monitoring
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Under the Patronage of His Excellency Mr. Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah, Deputy Prime
Minister and Minister of Energy & Industry
To submit your abstract for the conference, or for further information on exhibiting
or participating at the event visit www.power-gen-middleeast.com
If you are involved in power and water industries and are looking to increase your
business in the Middle East, don’t miss this prime opportunity to stay ahead of the
competition and reach the region’s key decision makers.
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Join TODAY!
It’s Quick,
Easy & Free!
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Spectrophotometers Colorimeter
The new AA-7000 Series atomic absorption spectrophotometer from The MC500 Multi-Parameter Colorimeter from Orbeco-Hellige tests
Shimadzu Scientifi c Instruments incorporates recently developed for a wide range of water quality parameters and is suited for use in
3-D optics for enhanced fl ame and furnace either the fi eld or laboratory.
analysis. The spectrophotometer’s 3-D Using the company’s “Open
optical system is capable of producing Reagent System” (which uses
maximum performance for Powder Pack™, stable tab-
both fl ame detection (Pb lets and liquid reagents) the
0.015 ppm) and furnace instrument features a six-LED
detection (Pb 0.00005 photodetector array which
ppm). This is achieved supports 70 pre-programmed
through optimal adjust- methods (from Alkalinity
ment of the light beam and through Zinc) and 20 user de-
digital fi lter, and by using fi ned methods.
optical components that re- Up to 1,000 data sets can be stored in the instrument’s internal
strict light loss. With a new graphite furnace design, the series has memory to assure good record keeping, and can be transferred to
achieved improved lower limits of detection for furnace analysis in all a computer using a waterproof infrared data port. The colorimeter
fi elds, as compared to Shimadzu’s previous series designs. comes with 24 mm sample cells, 10 mm sample cells, 16 mm tube
Shimadzu Scientific Instruments Inc. adapter, batteries operators’ manual and carrying case.
Columbia, MD, USA, www.ssi.shimadzu.com Orbeco-Hellige, www.orbeco.com
Enquiry No. 122 Enquiry No. 123
DO MONITORING
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has grant-
ed nationwide approval to three In-Situ® RDO® optical
dissolved oxygen methods under the Alternate Test
Procedure (ATP) process. The methods are the only
optical- or luminescence-based DO methods to pass
the ATP approval process for measuring BOD, CBOD
and DO under the Clean Water Act. Ten federal- or
state-certified laboratories tested over 1,300 samples
in nine water and wastewater sample matrices, in-
cluding municipal and industrial wastewater, surface
water, drinking water and other categories. No signifi-
cant matrix interferences were observed in any of the
1,300 samples tested.
In-Situ Inc., Fort Collins, CO, USA, www.in-situ.com
Enquiry No. 124
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Dry-scrubbing
media
Hydrogen Peroxide Solvay Chemicals’ Interox® Hydrogen Peroxide is
Purafil’s Environmental Systems Division (ESD) used to control sulfide odors either in the aeration
has released its newest dry-scrubbing media, basin or polishing ponds. In sewage treatment, it
Odorcarb™ Ultra, as the first activated alumina can control sulfide and reduce corrosion through-
media with the ability to remove 0.30 grams of out the treatment system, including rising mains
and in the treatment plant itself. Hydrogen perox-
ide reaction products are environmentally compat-
ible, consisting of simply water and oxygen.
Solvay Chemicals Inc., www.solvay.com
Enquiry No. 112
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_____
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Product Features
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New products
LEVEL, PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS
Pressure Systems, manufacturer of KPSI Level and Pressure Transduc-
Membrane filtration system ers, has announced that three of its most popular KPSI Transducer mod-
inge watertechnologies AG has made changes to its Multibore mem- els are now
brane to improve mechanical built and ready
properties and strengthen to ship in just
fibers. The membrane is two days, sig-
now even more flexible and nificantly re-
resistant under heavy loads, ducing facility
making the ultrafiltration pro- downtime as-
cess even more reliable. As a sociated with
result, the company now of- a transducer’s
fers a ‘No Membrane Break- failure. Includ-
age’ guarantee. Should fiber ed in the two-
breakage occur, the company day service
will replace the module at no are the hydro-
cost. The permeability of the static, submersible 700, 705 and 750 models, used widely throughout
new membrane has also im- the water and wastewater level measurement industries for applications
proved. Higher permeability with conditions from general purpose to harsh and adverse. The general
means that lower transmem- purpose Model 700 features analog outputs of 4-20 mA and 0-5 vDC in
brane pressure (TMP) is re- custom level ranges up to 700 ft H2O. Static accuracy is ±1 %FS. The
quired for treatment plant Model 705 incorporates a flush Teflon-coated elastomeric diaphragm with
operations – and that means a surface area of 0.90” to prevent clogging. The transducer is available in
longer uptimes between custom level ranges from 6 ft H2O to 115 ft H2O with analog outputs of
backwashing. This makes the 4-20 mA or 0-5 vDC. Static accuracy is ±0.25 %FS. Pressure Systems,
plant more effective and energy-efficient. inge watertechnologies AG, Hampton, VA, www.pressuresystems.com. Enquiry No. 131
Greifenberg, Germany, www.inge.ag. Enquiry No. 128
Manhole covers
The GripTop™ range of access covers from Saint-Gobain PAM UK fea-
tures a unique surface treatment which enhances grip and reduces the
Sodium hypochlorite systems
risk of skidding for cyclists and motorcyclists, especially in wet conditions. Severn Trent Services has released a technical brochure on the Clo-
The covers have been specified for road safety projects around the United rTec® line of on-site sodium hypochlorite generating systems, highlighting
Kingdom. The covers can contribute significantly to the ways the systems can reduce a customers’ carbon footprint and salt
increased safety, con- consumption by as much
tributing to reduced as 20 percent. The new
risks of litigation brochure details the ad-
and costs in the vantages of the on-site
case of an in- generation process and
jury. Saint-Gobain focuses on the environ-
PAM UK, _______
www.saint- mental benefits offered by
gobain-pam.co.uk.
______________ the system. The brochure
Enquiry No. 127 for use in the United States
and other non-European
Union countries can be
downloaded at ____ http://
w w w. s e v e r n t r e n t s e r-
_______________
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New products
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New products
Seawater RO
Koch Membrane Systems recently launched its new solution for large capacity seawater reverse osmosis
(RO) projects. The new system features pre-engineered packaged plants up to 2 mgd as well as larger,
modular building blocks for higher capacity requirements of up to 50 mgd and more. Featuring a lightweight,
large diameter pressure vessel-element combination, the new offering will use MegaMagnum® Plus seawater
elements. Koch Membrane Systems Inc., Wilmington, MA, USA, www.kochmembrane.com Enquiry
No. 142
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Advertisers Index
ABS Group C2 GEFCO (The George Failing Company) 13 ITT Leopold C4 WaterWorld Community 31
AirVac, Inc. 7 Genesys International 29 PerkinElmer 9 WEC 35
Analytical Technology, Inc. C3 Gorman-Rupp Company 5 POWER-GEN Middle East 30 XP Software 15
Cepex Holding SAU 2 Hach Company 17 Swan Systeme AG 21
CST Industries 31 HOBAS Engineering GmbH 23 Tank Connection 8
Fairbanks Morse Pump 19 IDE Technologies Ltd. 25 Valvotubi SRL 23
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__________________________
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Leopold | WEDECO
Copyright © 2009. ITT Water & Wastewater Leopold, Inc. All rights reserved.
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