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Fruit Biology PDF
Fruit Biology PDF
Structure
Classifications
STRUCTURE
A fruit is composed
of the pericarp and the
seed.
STRUCTURE
SEED
PERICARP
STRUCTURE
Pericarp is the ovary wall
which surrounds the seed
(seed container).
It has three regions:
exocarp/epicarp, mesocarp,
endocarp.
STRUCTURE
Parts of the Pericarp:
1.Exocarp/Epicarp - outer part,
skin of the fruit
2.Mesocarp - middle part, flesh of
the fruit.
3.Endocarp - inner part, encloses
the seed.
STRUCTURE
SEED
PERICARP
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
CLASSIFICATIONS
I. Simple Fruits
II.Aggregate Fruits
III.Multiple Fruits
CLASSIFICATIONS
I. Simple Fruits
• Developed from one single ovary
containing one or more carpels
and may or may not include
additional accessory structure.
SIMPLE FRUITS
A.Fleshy Fruits
• Its pericarp and accessory parts
develop into succulent tissues.
• One or more layers of the pericarp
become soft during ripening.
• Its pericarp is fleshy at maturity (soft
pericarp).
FLESHY FRUITS
1.Berries
• Have one to many seeds and a
pericarp that becomes soft and often
sweet and slimy as it matures.
• Grapes, eggplant, tomatoes, green
peppers, blueberries, mangosteens,
guavas, bananas, ampalaya, papaya
FLESHY FRUITS
2. Hesperidia
• Have leathery pericarp that
produces fragrant oils and soft
segmented pulp.
• All citrus fruits
FLESHY FRUITS
3.Pepos
• Have thick or hard exocarp.
• Have a receptacle that partially or
completely encloses the ovary.
• Pumpkins, cucumber, squashes,
cantaloupes, watermelons
FLESHY FRUITS
4.Pomes (Accessory Fruit)
• Its bulk is formed from a swollen
receptacle.
• Have a thin exocarp and a papery
cartilaginous mesocarp.
• Pears, apples
SIMPLE FRUITS
B.Dehiscent Dry Fruits
• Have hard texture and wood-like
leathery appearance.
• Split open at maturity to shed
seeds.
DEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
1. Follicles
• Have single carpel.
• Open along one seam when the
seeds are to be released.
• Milkweed, columbines, peonies,
magnolia
DEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
2. Legumes/Pods
• Derive from a single carpel.
• Split into two seed-bearing halves.
• Garden peas, beans, peanut,
mesquite
SIMPLE FRUITS
C.Indehiscent Dry Fruits
• Have hard texture and wood-like
leathery appearance.
• Remain closed at maturity, thus,
leaves their seeds inside them
INDEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
1.Nuts
• Have hard thick pericarp and a
basal cup.
• Acorns, hickory nuts, chestnuts,
hazelnuts
INDEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
2. Caryopses/Grains
• Have hard pericarp fastened to the
embryo all the way around.
• Grass family
CLASSIFICATIONS
II. Aggregate Fruit
• From one flower that produces
many tiny fruits (fruitlets)
clustered together (etaerios).
• Blackberries, strawberries,
raspberries
CLASSIFICATIONS
III.Multiple Fruit
• From many different flowers or
cluster of flowers develop closely
to form a bigger fruit.
• Pineapples, mulberries, figs,
breadfuits, langka, atis,
durian