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Materi Training Doc Cat PDF
Materi Training Doc Cat PDF
Materi Training Doc Cat PDF
© ABB Group
January 21, 2016 | Slide 1
Contents
n MV/LV transformers
n is the most important part of the transformer substation
n single transformer for low powers (up to 630kVA - 800kVA)
n several units in parallel for higher powers (1000kVA - 2500kVA)
n type of cooling system
n air
n oil
n most used
n AN cooling with natural air circulation
n ONAN cooling with natural oil and air circulation types
General Information
MV/LV Transformer Substations
n MV/LV transformers
n MV/LV transformers
n one single trafo or two trafos in parallel?
750MVA 750MVA
U U
1600kVA
800kVA 800kVA
6%
4% 4%
400V 400V
37 kA 55kA
General Information
MV/LV Transformer Substations
I function protection
against instantaneous
short-circuit
General Information
MV/LV Transformer Substations
n LV protection devices
G function protection
against earth-fault
General Information
MV/LV Transformer Substations
S protection
I protection
G protection
G protection
D protection
not used in LV
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
Un
Ik
Un
Ik =
3 × (Z knet + Z cMV + Z TR + Z cLV )
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
n Distribution network
n it is necessary to know the network short-circuit power
n from 250MVA to 500MVA Un £ 30kV
n from 700MVA to 1500MVA Un > 30kV
n according to IEC 60076-5
Un2 Un
Z knet = =
Sknet 3 × Iknet
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
n Generators
n it is necessary to know
n rated apparent power Sn
n rated voltage Un
n subtransient reactance x”d
n from 10% to 20% smooth rotor (isotropic machines)
n from 15% to 30% salient pole rotor (anisotropic machines)
" 2
x U
X "d = d × n
100 Sn
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
n Transformer
n it is necessary to know
n rated apparent power Sn
n primary rated voltage voltage U1n
n secondary rated voltage U2n
n short-circuit voltage uk% from 4% to 8%
n according to IEC 60076-5
uk % U22n
Z TR = ×
100 Sn
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
n Asynchronous motors
n In case of short-circuit it functions as a
generator with a x”d from 20% to 25%
n a current equal to 4-6 times the In can be
assumed as contribution to the short-circuit
n the minimum criteria for taking into
consideration the phenomenon
ZcMV = 0.01 W
Sn = 400 kVA
U= 20/0.4 kV
uk% = 4 %
ZcLV = 0.06 W
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
n Example
U Sk = 500
MVA
UMV= 20 kV Zu = 0.32
mW
Z u20 kV =
U2
=
(
20 × 10 3 )
2
= 0.8W
Sk (
500 × 10 6
)
Z u 400 V = Z u20kV ×
(400 )
2
= 3.2 × 10 -4 W
(20000 )2
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
n Example
U
Zu = 0.32 mW
= 4 × 10 -6 W ZcMV = 0.01 W
(20000 )2 ZcMV = 4×10-3 mW
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
n Example
U
Zu = 0.32 mW
ZT =
2
uk % UnLV
=
4
×
(400 )
2
= 0.016W
3
100 S n 100 400 × 10 ZcMV = 4×10-3 mW
Sn = 400 kVA
U= 20/0.4 kV ZT = 0.016 W
uk% = 4 %
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
n Example U
Zu = 0.32 mW
ZcMV = 4×10-3 mW
ZT = 16 mW
ZcLV = 0.61 mW
ZcLV = 0.61
mW
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
n Example U Sk = 500
MVA Zu = 0.32 mW
UMV= 20 kV
ZcMV = 4×10-3 mW
ZT = 16 mW
Un
Ik = @ 14.1kA
3 × (Z u + Z cMV + Z T )
Un ZcLV = 0.61 mW
Ik = @ 13.6kA
3 × (Z u + Z cMV + Z T + Z cLV )
Un = 400 V
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
i R X=w R
L
e = E x sin (w × t + g )
L × + R × i = E x × sin (w × t + g )
di
dt
é R
- ×t ù
× êsin (w × t + g - j ) - e × sin (g - j )ú
Ex
i= L
Z ë û
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Selection of Protective Devices
n Generalities about the main electrical parameters
n Rated operational voltage Ue: the value of voltage which
determines the application and to which all the other
parameters are referred to
n Rated uninterrupted current Iu: the value of current which the
device is able to carry for an indefinite time. It defines the size
of the CB
n Rated current In: the value of current which characterizes the
protection release installed. Is often related to the rated
current of the load protected
Iu In
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Selection of Protective Devices
Icu
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Selection of Protective Devices
n Generalities about the main electrical parameters
n Rated short-circuit making capacity Icm: it is the maximum
prospective peak current which the circuit-breaker must be
able to make
n Icm=n x Icu
n Protection of feeders
n against overload In
n Ib ≤ In or I1 ≤ Iz
n against overload Iz S
n I2t ≤ k2S2
Ib
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Selection of Protective Devices
n Protection of generators
n Ingen ≤ I1
n I3 or I2 ≤ 2.5-4 x Ingen
G
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Selection of Protective Devices
n Protection of transformers
n InT ≤ I1
n Upstream CB
n I3 or I2 ³ Iinrush
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Selection of Protective & Control Devices
n Motor co-ordination
n ABB offers co-ordination tables
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Selection of Protective & Control Devices
n Co-ordination between CBs and switch-disconnectors
400V
T2S160
T1D160
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Example of an MV/LV Network
20kV
Curve 1
n Steps
n determining the short-circuit currents
n choosing the CB
n setting of the MV overcurrent
protection …
Curve 3
n setting of the LV overcurrent
protection …
Curve 2
Curve 4
Curve 5
400V Curve 4 : represent short-circuit current on LV side
400V
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Example of an MV/LV Network
20kV
400V
MV/LV Transformer Substations
Example of an MV/LV Network
20kV
400V