Marble Drop

35° 15°
Distance (m) TIme 1 (s) Time 2 (s) TIme 3 (s) Average Time (s) Average Velocity Final velocity
Distance (m) Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average Time (s) Average Velocity Final Velocity
1 0.72 0.71 0.73 0.72 1.38888888888889 2.77777777777778 1 1.03 1.04 1.04 1.03666666666667 0.964630225080386 1.92926045016077
0.9 0.85 0.78 0.85 0.826666666666667 1.08870967741935 2.17741935483871 0.9 0.95 0.9 1.03 0.96 0.9375 1.875
0.8 0.73 0.82 0.76 0.77 1.03896103896104 2.07792207792208 0.8 0.93 0.99 0.93 0.95 0.842105263157895 1.68421052631579
0.7 0.68 0.75 0.68 0.703333333333333 1.40333333333333 2.80666666666667 0.7 0.91 0.86 0.9 0.89 0.786516853932584 1.57303370786517
0.6 0.64 0.56 0.68 0.626666666666667 0.957446808510638 1.91489361702128 0.6 0.89 0.88 0.83 0.866666666666667 0.692307692307692 1.38461538461538
0.5 0.51 0.6 0.53 0.546666666666667 0.914634146341463 1.82926829268293 0.5 0.8 0.81 0.74 0.783333333333333 0.638297872340426 1.27659574468085
0.4 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.833333333333333 1.66666666666667 0.4 0.55 0.63 0.86 0.68 0.588235294117647 1.17647058823529
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.42 0.406666666666667 0.737704918032787 1.47540983606557 0.3 0.55 0.51 0.5 0.52 0.576923076923077 1.15384615384615
0.2 0.35 0.38 0.38 0.37 0.540540540540541 1.08108108108108 0.2 0.54 0.48 0.52 0.513333333333333 0.38961038961039 0.779220779220779
0.1 0.28 0.27 0.28 0.276666666666667 0.36144578313253 0.72289156626506 0.1 0.33 0.31 0.35 0.33 0.303030303030303 0.606060606060606
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Final velocity Gradient = 2.328

Final Velocity
Finding G with a marble drop with a marble drop at 35° Finding G with a marble drop with a marble drop at 15°
3 2
y = 2.328x + 0.5205

2.25 1.5
Final Velocity

Finaal velocity
1.5 1

0.75 0.5

0 0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
Distance Distance

1
 Resistances
One resistor Two resistors
Resistor Resistance in Wire
Voltage (V) One resistor Two resistors 0.05 Gradient = 0.005

y = 0.005x
Gradient = 0.0011
0 0 0
y = 0.0011x - 0.0024
2 0.01 0
0.038
4 0.02 0

6 0.03 0

8 0.04 0.01 0.025

Resistance
10 0.05 0.01

0.013

-0.013
0 2.5 5 7.5 10
current Voltage
Resistance in Bulb
0.3 Bulb
y = 0.0155x + 0.03
voltage current

0 0
Gradient= 0.0155
0.225 1.84 0.06

2.76 0.08

3.69 0.1
Current

0.15 4.62 0.11

5.67 0.13

7.79 0.16

0.075 9.97 0.18

12.07 0.2

0
0 3.5 7 10.5 14
Voltage

2
 Width of wire over 6 points Wire Resistance

Width (mm) Current on 1m (A)

Resistance in a wire
Measurement 1 0.92
10
y = 1.3335x - 0.018
Measurement 2 0.93
Measurement 3 0.93
Measurement 4 0.92 7.5

Measurement 5 0.92

Measurement 6 0.925
5

Current
Average width 0.924166666666667

2.5
Potential difference (V) Current on 1m (A)

0 0 0

1.71 2.26

3.09 4.08 -2.5

0 2 4 6 8
4.66 6.16 Potential Different

5.81 7.78
Gradient = 1.338
7.06 9.39

3
 Pendulums
Length (m)
Finding Gravity with a pendulum
1.6
Length (m) Time for 10 Time for 1 swing Time2 (s) y = 0.2461x - 0.0334
swings (s) (s)

0.067 4.86 0.486 0.236196

0.158 8.92 0.892 0.795664 1.2

0.250 10.74 1.074 1.153476

0.330 12.59 1.259 1.585081

Length
0.420 14.17 1.417 2.007889 0.8
0.675 17.8 1.78 3.1684

0.977 20.79 2.079 4.322241

1.200 20.51 2.051 4.206601 0.4

1.400 24.49 2.449 5.997601

Gradient = 0.2461
0
0 1.5 3 4.5 6
Time squared

4
 Ball Drop
Height (m)
Ball Drop Finding Gravity with a tennis ball drop
Height (m) Time Gravity/ 2 y = 3.3257x - 0.2124
Acceleration

2 0.62 10.4058272632674

1.8 0.6 10 1.5

1.6 0.53 11.3919544321823

1.4 0.46 13.2325141776938 1

1.2 0.42 13.6054421768707

Hight
1 0.4 12.5
0.5
0.8 0.35 13.0612244897959

0.6 0.31 12.4869927159209

0.4 0.19 22.1606648199446 0

0.2 0.13 23.6686390532544

0 0 0
-0.5
0 0.175 0.35 0.525 0.7
Time
Ball Drop using a Timer Scaler
Drop number Distance Time Speed Gravity/
Acceleration

Drop 1 0.226 0.195 1.15897435897436 11.8869165023011

Drop 2 0.226 0.245 0.922448979591837 7.5301957517701 Gravity = 3.3257
Drop 3 0.226 0.195 1.15897435897436 11.8869165023011
Drop 4 0.226 0.279 0.810035842293907 2.90335427345486

Drop 5 0.226 0.253 0.893280632411067 0.516009

Drop 6 0.226 0.275 0.821818181818182 5.97685950413223

Average drop 0.226 0.240333333333333 0.940360610263523 7.82546971093084

1
 Light Dependant Resistors
Length (m) Resistance 1 Resistance 2 Resistance 3 Average
resistance Average resistance
Resistance of LDRs against light intensity (distance)
0 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
1.4
y = -1.2049x2 + 2.44x - 0.0118
0.05 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.126666666666667

0.1 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22

0.15 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.313333333333333

1.05
0.2 0.4 0.41 0.4 0.403333333333333

0.25 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

0.3 0.58 0.59 0.59 0.586666666666667

Average resistance
0.7
0.35 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67

0.4 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76

0.45 0.86 0.84 0.84 0.846666666666667

0.5 0.94 0.91 0.91 0.92 0.35

0.55 0.98 0.97 1 0.983333333333333

0.6 1.03 1.02 1.06 1.03666666666667

0.65 1.09 1.03 1.12 1.08 0

0.7 1.12 1.10 1.16 1.12666666666667

0.75 1.14 1.14 1.21 1.16333333333333

0.8 1.16 1.11 1.22 1.16333333333333 -0.35

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0.85 1.18 1.16 1.25 1.19666666666667
Distance
0.9 1.18 1.19 1.22 1.19666666666667

0.95 1.20 1.2 1.18 1.19333333333333

1 1.25 1.3 1.11 1.22

2
 Dropping balls into 142cm of oil
Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average Time (s) Distance (m) Average Velocity In this experiment, I dropped 3 different sizes of ball bearings down

(ms-1) a plastic tube with 140cm of oil in it. The aim was to see what the

terminal velocity of each ball bearing was.

Big 3.44 3.40 3.3 3.38 1.42 0.420118343195266

Medium 3.70 3.79 3.6 3.69666666666667 1.42 0.384129846708747 From my results, I can conclude that the terminal velocity of the small

ball bearing is 0.18 ms-1, the medium sized bearing is 0.38 ms-1, the

Small 7.81 7.47 7.77 7.68333333333333 1.42 0.184815618221258 biggest bearing is 0.42 ms-1.

Average Velocity (ms-1)

Table 1
0.5
Big Medium Small
Time 1 (s) 3.44 3.70 7.81

Time 2 (s) 3.40 3.79 7.47

0.375
Time 3 (s) 3.3 3.6 7.77
Average Time (s) 3.38 3.69666666666667 7.68333333333333
Distance (m) 1.42 1.42 1.42
0.25
Average Velocity 0.420118343195266 0.384129846708747 0.184815618221258
(ms-1)

0.125

0
Big Medium Small

1
 Ball Drop Distance and rebound

Distance (m) Rebound (m) For this experiment I dropped a ball from

varying heights and measures the height of

1 0.72 the rebound bounce height.

0.8 0.59

0.6 0.48

0.4 0.32

0.2 0.18

0 0

Rebound (m)

0.8 y = -0.1652x2 + 0.878x + 0.0032

0.6
Rebound

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
Distance

1
 Table 1
Number of Distance (m) Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average Time (s) Terminal Velocity
cupcake cases (ms-1)

1 1.5 1.2 1.37 1.33 1.3 1.15384615384615

2 1.5 0.88 0.88 0.77 0.843333333333333 1.77865612648221

3 1.5 0.64 0.68 0.65 0.656666666666667 2.28426395939086

4 1.5 0.43 0.55 0.59 0.523333333333333 2.86624203821656

5 1.5 0.47 0.42 0.39 0.426666666666667 3.515625

6 1.5 0.45 0.35 0.42 0.406666666666667 3.68852459016393

7 1.5 0.41 0.39 0.39 0.396666666666667 3.78151260504202

8 1.5 0.39 0.34 0.33 0.353333333333333 4.24528301886792

9 1.5 0.36 0.37 0.36 0.363333333333333 4.12844036697248

10 1.5 0.37 0.36 0.39 0.373333333333333 4.01785714285714

Terminal Velocity (ms-1)

5
In this experiment I dropped cupcake cases from a
height of two metres and timed the fall from 1.5 metres
to when they hit the ground. This gave the cupcake case
time to reach it’s terminal velocity before it was being
3.75 timed. The velocity of 8 and 9 cases was effected by the
ability to time correctly and accurately as the cases were
falling too fast. The results from the first few cupcake
Terminal Velocity

cases.

2.5

1.25

0
0 2.5 5 7.5 10
Number of Cupcake Cases

1
 Series Parallel
Assumptions: Equations: Spring Extension experiment Spring Extensions
• Assume mass is negligible
• F=kX
0.5
• All of the springs are exactly the same • Strain=X/NL y = 0.0404x1.0516

and have the same spring constant y = 0.4024x-1.0581

0.4
Springs in Series

Springs N Original length L Full length (m) Extension X (m) Force F (N) Spring Constant Strain (X/NL)
(m) (F/X) 0.3

Extension
1 0.085 0.125 0.04 0.981 24.525 0.470588235294118

2 0.19 0.275 0.085 0.981 11.5411764705882 0.223684210526316

0.2
3 0.265 0.395 0.13 0.981 7.54615384615385 0.163522012578616

4 0.345 0.515 0.17 0.981 5.77058823529412 0.123188405797101

5 0.445 0.665 0.22 0.981 4.45909090909091 0.098876404494382 0.1

Springs in Parallel

Springs N Original length L Full length (m) Extension X (m) Force F (N) Spring Constant Strain (X/NL) 0
(m) (F/X) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Number of springs
1 0.085 0.48 0.395 9.81 24.8354430379747 4.64705882352941

2 0.065 0.26 0.195 9.81 50.3076923076923 1.5

3 0.055 0.185 0.13 9.81 75.4615384615385 0.787878787878788

4 0.055 0.15 0.095 9.81 103.263157894737 0.431818181818182

5 0.055 0.125 0.07 9.81 140.142857142857 0.254545454545455

Series Parrallel Series Parallel

Spring Constants Strain on Springs
160 5

128 4
Spring Constants

96 3
Strain

64 2

32 1

0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
Number of Springs Number of Springs

1
 Refractive Index Sin I
Table 1
1
Angle of incidence Angle of refraction Sin I Sin R Refractive index y = 1.5459x - 0.0081
of medium
0.857
0 0 0 0

10 8 0.174 0.139 1.25179856115108

0.714
20 12 0.342 0.208 1.64423076923077

30 21 0.5 0.358 1.39664804469274 0.571

Sin I
40 23 0.643 0.391 1.64450127877238

50 31 0.766 0.515 1.4873786407767 0.429

60 33 0.866 0.545 1.58899082568807

0.286
70 38.5 0.94 0.623 1.50882825040128

0.143

0
0 0.088 0.175 0.263 0.35 0.438 0.525 0.613 0.7
Sin R

1
 Extension (m)
Young Modulus in Springs 0.2 mm wire
0.14
0.2 mm wire

Mass (g) Tension (N) Original length Extension (m) Area Stress Strain Young Modulus

0 0 3.1 0 0.00000003141559 0 0 0 0.105

100 1 3.1 0.005 0.00000003141559 31831329.604187 0.0016129032258064519.7354243545959

200 2 3.1 0.01 0.00000003141559 63662659.2083739 0.0032258064516129 19.7354243545959

Extension
300 3 3.1 0.014 0.00000003141559 95493988.8125609 0.0045161290322580621.1450975227813
0.07
400 4 3.1 0.016 0.00000003141559 127325318.416748 0.0051612903225806524.6692804432449

500 5 3.1 0.026 0.00000003141559 159156648.020935 0.0083870967741935518.9763695717268

600 6 3.1 0.14 0.00000003141559 190987977.625122 0.0451612903225806 4.22901950455627

0.035

0.27 mm wire
0
Mass (g) Tension (N) Extension (m) Original length (m) Area Stress Strain Young Modulus 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
(GPa) Mass
Extension (m)
0 0 0 3.11 0.0000000572552611 0 0 0 0.27mm wire
100 1 0.006 3.11 0.0000000572552612 17465643.8385089 0.001929260450160779.05302538962713 0.2
200 2 0.009 3.11 0.0000000572552613 34931287.6160081 0.0028938906752411612.0707004984206

300 3 0.01 3.11 0.0000000572552614 52396931.3324976 0.0032154340836012916.2954456444068

400 4 0.012 3.11 0.0000000572552615 69862574.9879773 0.0038585209003215418.1060506843841 0.15

500 5 0.014 3.11 0.0000000572552616 87328218.5824473 0.0045016077170418 19.3993399851008

600 6 0.016 3.11 0.0000000572552617 104793862.115908 0.0051446945337620620.3693069487795

Mass
700 7 0.021 3.11 0.0000000572552618 122259505.588358 0.0067524115755627 18.106050589514
0.1
800 8 0.029 3.11 0.0000000572552619 139725148.999799 0.0093247588424437314.9843177030819

900 9 0.06 3.11 0.0000000572552620 157190792.35023 0.0192926045016077 8.14772273682024

1000 10 0.12 3.11 0.0000000572552621 174656435.639651 0.0385852090032154 4.52651262366096

0.05
1100 11 0.185 3.11 0.0000000572552622 192122078.868063 0.0594855305466238 3.22972792043067

The young modulus in these springs is not similar to the young modulus of copper
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
Extension