Knowledge,
Power,
and Practice
The Anthropology of Medicine
and Everyday Life
EDITED BY
Shirley Lindenbaum ano
Margaret Lock
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
Berkeley / Los Angeles / London4
“Learning Medicine”
The Constructing of Medical Knowledge
at Harvard Medical School
Byron J. Good and Mary-Jo DelVecchio Good
Introduction
These chapters represents a set of early reflections on a study of
medical education and the structure of medical knowledge which we are
undertaking in the context of a major curricular reform at Harvard
Medical School. Although the larger project examines historical, struc-
tural, and phenomenological aspects of medicine and medical education
at Harvard, the focus of this paper is rather narrow. Our goal is to raise
theoretical and methodological questions about the study of medical
knowledge through an examination of the learning of medicine during
the early months of the preclinical or basic science years in the medical
school. We will argue that anthropological analysis of medical knowl-
edge and of the learning of medicine requires an examination of the
structure and phenomenological emergence of the very specialized medi-
cal “worlds” to which that knowledge has reference.
Prior to the mid-1970s, anthropological analyses of Western medicine
and physicians picture biomedicine in terms of idealized contrasts to
traditional healing systems and traditional healers. A particularly clear
example of this is found in Horacio Fabrega and Daniel B. Silver's
classic account of the Zinacanteco healing system (1973:218-223). West-
ern biomedicine and Zinacanteco healing are presented as a series of
contrasts. Diametrically opposing views of the body, the nature of dis-
case, the role of the healer, the nature of the healer/sufferer relation-
ship, and the sources of efficacy all demonstrate the extent to which
biomedicine represents the reductionism, individualism, and mechanis-
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