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008-Linear Sync Motor - 2Dcs
008-Linear Sync Motor - 2Dcs
The diagram below shows a 2D model of part of a simple linear synchronous motor with surface-mounted permanent magnets.
Secondary
Primary
The primary has a full-pitched 3-phase winding in a laminated steel core, with 6 slots per pole, and the secondary comprises blocks of permanent-
magnet material on a steel backing. Alternating currents in the primary winding will produce a traveling magnetic field, and at one instant of time
the flux plot is shown below for a load angle of 90º.
This model represents two pole pitches of an infinitely long machine. Since the field pattern repeats every two pole pitches, the field values will be
identical at corresponding points on the two ends. To represent this condition in MagNet, a periodic boundary condition is specified for the two
ends. Because of the symmetry of this device, it is possible to model just one pole pitch, since the field values repeat with opposite signs at
intervals of a pole pitch.
If a field has identical values at corresponding points, an even periodic boundary condition is used; if it has equal and opposite values, an odd
periodic boundary condition is used.
A simple model can be used to study the effect of varying the load angle by altering the phase angle of the 3-phase currents. To study cogging
effects when the secondary magnets move past the primary slots, a more complex model is required, with separate air boxes for the primary and
secondary.
20 200 15 20
20 10 20
10
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
40
60
10 20 20 20 10
240
To speed up the solution, linear materials will be used for the model: MU3 for the primary and secondary cores, and PM04 for the permanent
magnet. These are reasonably representative of ordinary steels and ceramic ferrite, respectively.
For the coils, new materials will be defined with the same properties as copper, but with distinctive red, yellow and blue colors to identify the
phases. The color sequence for the slots will be red, blue, yellow, where the blue slots will carry reversed current from the blue phase. This gives
the normal 60º phase progression between coil groups for an AC machine winding.
Sample results
The following values were obtained for the x-component of force on the secondary, with MagNet version 6.10:
Phase (º) Load angle (º) Force (N)
–30 0 0.2112
–45 –15 –16.29
–60 –30 –33.13
–75 –45 –49.5644
–90 –60 –62.15
–105 –75 –70.25
–120 –90 –73.82
–135 –105 –72.25
–150 –120 –65.59
–165 –135 –54.97
6. Click the air box faces in turn in the Object page, and observe which faces are selected in the View window.
· In each air box, identify the face for the left-hand end and the face for the common surface.
· Select all four faces by holding down the Ctrl key and clicking the faces in turn.
The model view should resemble the following:
Sample results
The following values were obtained for the x-component of force on the secondary, with MagNet version 6.10:
Shift (mm) Load angle (º) Force (N)
0 0 –0.1950
10 –15 –22.70
20 –30 –23.53
30 –45 –18.89
40 –60 –34.80
50 –75 –62.19
60 –90 –67.75
70 –105 –59.74
80 –120 –60.83
90 –135 –90.27
Discussion
For the simple linear synchronous motor used in this case study, the technique of shifting the secondary shows clearly the cogging effect of the
primary slot openings on the force characteristic.
To simplify the modeling, a full-pitched winding has been used, so that each slot carries current from only one phase. However, it is a
straightforward matter to define upper and lower coil sides in each slot, and it is then possible to model two-layer chorded windings.
The methods of using periodic boundary conditions can be applied to other devices such as rotating electrical machines, where it is only necessary
to model one pole pitch of the physical device. In spite of their shape, rotating machines must also be modeled using translational geometry.