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Paper Human Head Model
Paper Human Head Model
Abstract
In'the presented work the modeling of electromagnetic field from mobile phone
distributed in the human head phantom was carried out. The modeling was done by
integral equations method with unknown polarization currents induced by the mobile
phone radiator. The currents and SAR distribution was defined in inhomogeneous
environment with complex dielectrical permittivity. As axsource the model of vibrator
was used. The experimental verification of mathematica1'modeLwascarried. out.
INTRODUCTION
Increasing a number of mobile.communication abonents deteriorated the ecological
situation in the electromagnetic radiation domain. 'From 2001 the certification for
every mobile phone with the information about radiation level is required. These levels
must correspond to existing standards [ 1,2].
The level of microwave radiation is estimated as specific absorption rate (SAR):
MATHEMATICAL MODEL
As initial the integral equation (2) was used.
where
J=i.w(%-&).E is the polarization current, G is the Green’s function, E’“ is an incident
EM-field strength.
Using the grid method and the presenting of polarization currents as a superposition
of trial functions enable to transform integral equation (2) into linear equations system.
For 3-dimensional problem the distribution of polarization currents in the human
body, energized by radiation source, is described by equation (3).
For using of the grid method the body section was divided on parallelepiped cells
with constant step Ax, Ay and Az.
Using Krylov-Bogolubov’s numerical method and designation
k2 N M L-
-
G(n AX, m a Ay, h -Az).J(n .AX,m.Ay, h -Az)--. ccc J(i AX, j. Ay, 1. Az)x
4 i=lj=ll=l
a
Ii* (z) =
-L
180 DIPED-2003 Proceedings
where
U, is the source voltage, a is the dipole radius, 2L is the dipole length, 6 is the
driving point of dipole antenna wire (fig. 1).
L L
- I .
I
0
Fig.1. Symmetrical dipole antenna.
Expression (6) described the current's resistance and reactance part, distributed in
the dipole. Reactance part of currents testified the temporal delay of dipole elements
energization by source. For far-field zone problems this part is usually neglected and
only amplitude distribution is taking into consideration. In our case, when human head
was situated in near-field zone of dipole, taking to account the phase distribution
allowed to increase the accuracy of field distribution modeling.
EXPERIMENTALPART
The human head phantom consisted of polymethacrylate cubes. The cell size was
1=30 mm, what satisfied the condition of necessary accuracy :I eN6, where A is the
wave length in dielectric. This phantom was chosen for verification because its
geometry exactly coincides with data of modeling and electrodynamical parameters of
material were defined with high accuracy.
The human head phantom consisted of 8 slices with 25 elements in each of them
(fig.2a).The field distribution was defined for 2"dand 4"slices (fig.2b and 2c).
Because in this work the physical aspect of mathematical modeling was co-ncemed
with distribution of polarization current density, the magnetic field strength was
decided to measure (fig.3). The measuring system taking into account requirements,
written below, was elaborated.
DIPED-2003 Proceedings 181
- a position of magnetic field probe was defined with error less then cell
size;
- possibility of separately measuring for every field component and
independence of signal from electric field strength in each point of phantom;
- minimization of electromagnetic field perturbation by elements of
measuring system;
- minimization of electromagnetic field disturbances influences.
The used measuring system consisted of radiation source, human head phantom,
coordinates counting system (positioner), magnetic field probe and field indicator.
For convenient verification of proposed model the magnetic field in 2d and 4"
slices was modeled. The results of modeling (continuous line) and experiment results
(dotted line) were shown on fig.5a and 5b.
0 0
-0,s -0,s
-l,o -1.0
-1,5 -1,5
-2,o -2.0
-2,5 -2,5
During the experiment the probe was moved from radiated surface to opposite
surface of phantom with step 10 mm and field was measured in every point.
The errors sources in mathematical modeling: error of electrodynamical parameters
definition (for E - 3%, for U - 5.3%) ; error of evaluation of currents, distributed on
dipole ( on data from [4] -3.5%); error of currents discretization 4 . 7 % ; error on
iteration method 4 . 1 3 % . Resulting error with probability 0.997 was equal to 7.1 %.
The sources of errors in experiment: frequency selective voltmeter error - 4%; error
of probe position - 1.6%; error from disturbances - 0.1%; error, reasoned by
surrounding objects - 2%. Resulting error of experiment was equal to 7.1%.
CONCLUSION
The results of modeling and experiment, shown at fig. 5, confirmed the adequacy of
model for evaluation of electromagnetic field distribution from mobile phone in
human head phantom.
REFERENCES
-
1. American National Standard Safety Levels with Respect to Exposure to Radio
Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz. - ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992.
2. European Prestandard ENV 5D 166-2: Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields
- High Frequency (10 kHz to 300 GHz). - CENELEC, 1995.
3. A.Khzmalyan,A.Chaplin. Electromagnetic Model of Hyperthermia - Moscow,
Nauka, series Radio Engineering and Electronics, 1989 ( in Russian). .
4. R.King, G,Smith. Antennas in Matter, Moscow, Mir, 1984.(in Russian).
5. E.Yakovenko. Improved method for measuring of comyosite material
electrodynamical parameters. - The bulletin of Lviv Polytechnic National
University. Radioelectronics and Telecomunication. 2002. 4 s 443. p. 1 19-123 (in
Ukrainian).