Synopsis

Of

Minor project

On topic

BENEFITIAL EFFECTS OF STEEL SLAG IN CONCRETE

Project undertaken by:

13UME103
13UME104
13UCE024
13UCE025
13UCE026
13UCE027
13UCE028
13UCE029
13UCE030
13UCE006

Project Guide
Er. Girish Sharma
Assistant Professor
BUEST
 Introduction

Concrete is a very important material and widely used in construction industry .it
offers stability and design flexibility for the residential marketplace and
environmental advantages through every stage of manufacturing and use .locally, the
characteristic compressive strength is usually measured based on 150 x150mm cubes
according to BS approach. Concrete is a construction material composed of cement
(commonly Portland cement) as well as other cementation material such as fly ash and
slag cement, aggregate, water and chemical widely used in construction industry.
Now days there are many filter material used in construction industries. In cement
based products, such as concrete an mortars, a balance between the particle sizes of
the component must be kept in order to obtain the required material properties, such
as workability and strength. Sometimes the aggregates lack the necessary amount of
fines, hence fine particles, i.e. filler material, have to be added. Concrete is a very
important material and widely used in construction industry .it offers stability and
design Large quantities of filler material are needed in the production of modern
concrete types: one principles of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is for instance, the
use of large amount of fillers to reduce the friction between the coarse aggregate. Use
of by products such as slag, dust or sludge from the metallurgical industries as filler
materials in concrete may help to conserve natural resources and at the same time be
an economically positive option. However, to be able to successfully use the available
they must be suitable for the planned purpose, i.e. they must be compatible with
cement. It this paper the experimental studies of steel-slag will be discussed. The aim
of the studies has been to investigate if it is possible to improve the steel-slag
properties, by selective screening, fine wet grinding or re melting, so that the steel-
slag can be used as mineral-addition/filler material in concrete. Various method of
concrete testing are carried out to ensure that it remains of adequate strength and
durability. The concrete formed to a required shape and cured is said to be hardened
concrete. The properties of the concrete, on both the stages, depend on the relative
quantity of cement, aggregate and water. The aggregate should be absolutely clean,
free from organic matter and other impurities. The aggregate must be capable to resist
weather.
 OBJECTIVE

To check the compressive strength, split tensile strength of

concrete when coarse aggregate is replaced by Steel Slag.
 OVERVIEW

Materials to be used:
The materials used for this experimental work are cement, sand, water, steel slag.
A. Sand
The fine aggregate used for all the specimens were Natural River sand complying the
requirements of IS383:1970. The specific gravity of the fine aggregate ranges from
2.3 to 2.8. The fractions from 4.75mm to 150 microns are termed as fine aggregate[6].
B. Water
Potable water was used for experimentation
C. Cement
PPC

Steel Slag
Steel Slag is the main component of this study, which is locally available material.
Steel Slag used in is work is collected from D.D Steel industry Ludhiana. Steel slag is
a byproduct obtained either from conversion of iron to steel in a Basic Oxygen
Furnace (BOF), or by the melting of scrap to make steel in the Electric Arc Furnace
(EAF). The molten liquid is a complex solution of silicates and oxides that solidifies
on cooling and forms steel slag. Steel slag is defined by the American Society for
Testing and Materials (ASTM) as a non-metallic product, consisting essentially of
calcium silicates and ferrites combined with fused oxides of iron, aluminum,
manganese, calcium and magnesium that are developed simultaneously with steel in
basic oxygen, electric arc, or open hearth furnaces. (Kalyoncu, 2001). The production
of steel slag in nearby state is Punjab in area Mandi Gobindhgarh. The chemical
composition and cooling of molten steel slag have a great effect on the physical and
chemical properties of solidified steel slag.
Steel furnace slag is produced in a Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) or Electric Arc
Furnace (EAF) as a byproduct of the production of steel. In the Basic Oxygen Furnace
(BOF), the hot liquid metal from the blast furnace, scrap and fluxes, which contain
lime (CaO) and dolomitic lime, are charged to a furnace (Shi, 2004). A lance is
lowered into the converter and then oxygen in injected with high pressure. The
oxygen then combines with and removes the impurities. These impurities consist
mainly of carbon in the form of gaseous carbon monoxide, silicon, manganese,
phosphorous and some iron as liquid oxides, which combine with lime and dolomitic
lime to form steel slag. At the end of the refining stage, the steel in the liquid form is
poured into the ladle while the slag is retained at the top in the vessel and is then
subsequently removed in separate slag pot. This slag is in molten state and is then
processed to remove all free metallic impurities with help of magnetic separation and
then sized into construction aggregates.
Unlike the Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) process, the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)
does not use hot metal, but uses cold steel scraps. Charged material is heated to a
liquid state by means of an electric current. The electricity has no electrochemical
effect on the metal, making it perfectly suited for melting scrap. During the melting
process, other metals are added to the steel to give the required chemical
composition. Meanwhile oxygen is blown into the EAF to purify the steel. This slag
which floats on the surface of molten steel is then poured off. The main constituents
of iron and steel slags are silica, alumina, calcium, and magnesia, which together
make about 95% of the total composition. Minor elements included are manganese,
iron, sulfur compounds and traces of several other elements (Kalyoncu, 2001).
Physical characteristics such as porosity, density, particle gradation, are affected by
the cooling rate of the slag and its chemical composition. The concrete to be used as
specimen will be of M35 grade.
 REFERENCES
[1]. Abdulaziz I. Al-Negheismish, Faisal H. Al-Sugair and Rajeh Z. Al-Zaid (June
1996).Utilization of Local Steelmaking Slag in concrete.
[2]. Caijun Shi," Steel Slag-Its Production, Processing, Characteristics and
Cementitous Properties"-Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering ASCE 2004.
[3]. Donald W Lewis, (Feb 1982) "Properties and Uses of Iron and Steel Slag"-NSA
Presented a Symposium.
[4]. E.Anastasiou and I. Papayianni, (2006 Springer)" Criteria for the Use of Steel
Slag Aggregates in Concrete" Measuring, Monitoring and Modeling Concrete
Properties.
[5]. E.Anastasiou and I. Papayianni, (2006)"Cost Effective Mixtures for Concrete
Pavements "Proceedings of the Airfield and Highway pavement conference.
[6]. GEOPAVE-Material Technology- (Nov-1993) "Steel Slag Aggregates"-
Technical note 9 1993..
[7]. H.Beshr, A.A.Almusallam, M.Maslehuddin-,(2003) "Effect of Coarse Aggregates
Quality on the Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete" - Construction and
Building Materials 2003.
[8]. Ibrahim M. Asi, HishamY.Qasrawi, and Faisal L.Shalabi.(2007) . Use of steel
slag aggregates in asphalt
[9]. Rustu S Kalyoncu, (2001) "Slag iron and Steel."
[10]. Sidney Mindess, J Francis Young and David Darwin (2003) .Concrete. second
edition