MAPÚA UNIVERSITY

School of EECE
Intramuros, Manila

Experiment #3
Impedance of a Series RLC Circuit

Dotimas, Winvel P. Group No. 2

Date Submitted:
February 7, 2018
EE103L-B6
Score
Date Performed:
January 31, 2018

Engr. Ezperanza E. Chua

Instructor
Preliminary Data Sheet
Sample Computation:

Table 3.2: Through 100Hz

Ohm’s Law:

𝑣𝑅 0.592𝑉
R= = = 98.67Ω
𝐼𝑅 6 𝑚𝐴

𝑣𝐿 0.376𝑉
XL = = = 62.67Ω
𝐼𝐿 6 𝑚𝐴

𝑣𝐶 4.332𝑉
XC = = = 722Ω
𝐼𝐿 6 𝑚𝐴

𝑣𝑇 4𝑉
|Z| = = = 666.67Ω
𝐼𝑇 6 𝑚𝐴

Equation Impedance:

R=R = 100 Ω

XL=2πfL= 2π(100 Hz)(100 mH) = 62.832 Ω

1 1
XC =
2𝜋𝑓𝐶
= XC = 2𝜋(100 𝐻𝑧)(2.2 𝑢𝐹)
= 723.432 Ω

Pythagorean Theorem:

X = XL – XC = 62.832 Ω - 723.432 Ω = -659.33 Ω

|Z| = √(𝑅 2 + 𝑋 2 ) = √(1002 + −659.332 ) = 666.87 Ω

𝑋
ΘZ = tan-1 (
𝑅
) = tan-1 (−659.33
100
) = -81.376o
Complex Number:

Z = R + j (XL – XC) = 100 -j659.33 (Rectangular form)

Z = |Z| ∟ ΘZ = 666.87 ∟ -81.356o (Polar form)

Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 3.1.

2. Set the sine wave function generator to 100 Hz, with constant output amplitude
of 4 VRMS as measured on he voltmeter.

3. On Table 3.1, following the results table, record the readings of total current,
voltage across the resistor, inductor and capacitor respectively.
What did you observe about the magnitude of the current flowing to the resistor,
inductor, and capacitor? What is this parameter in the system?
• The currents flowing to the resistor, inductor, and capacitor are
all the same.

4. On another sheet of paper, draw to scale a phasor diagram showing VT, VR, VL, and
VC set the current as reference. (see next page)
What is the phase relationship between VL and VC? How do you combine the
resultant value of VL and VC?
• VL and VC are not in phase with each other and have directions
opposite with each other. The resultant can be combined via
addition.

From your phasor diagram, what is the phase relationship between the resultant
of VL and VC to VR?

• The resultant of VL and VC is out of phase with VR by 90o.

5. On Table 3.2, following the results table calculate the required parameters.

6. Switch of the power supply unit.

Interpretation of Results & Conclusion:

In this experiment, we investigated the impedance of a series RLC circuit and

compare it with the impedance of its constituent components namely the resistor,

inductor and capacitor.

On the first part of the experiment, we formed a RLC circuit based on Figure 3.1

from the lab manual. We used the Sine Wave Function Generator as the voltage source

with constant output amplitude of 4 VRMS as well as providing different frequencies

ranging from 100-500 Hz in each trial. In here, we found out that the current for every

component in each trial is equal to the total current of the whole RLC circuit, thus

making it an appropriate reference point. We also found out that the voltage for each

component (TABLE 3.1) is different from one another for each trial and we conclude

that we cannot simply add VR, VL and VC to obtain VS (voltage source) but instead we

can get Vs by combining the three components vectorially, known as the Phasor Sum.

On the second part, we use classical Ohm’s Law to calculate for the reactance for

each component and its impedance by its voltage source divided by the total current.

We found out that on Table 3.2 (Ohm’s Law), the measured values of the reactance of

the capacitor leads the inductor during 100 Hz, 200 Hz and 300 Hz and the reactance of

the inductor leads the capacitor during 400 Hz and 500 Hz. Now, we consider the

complex variable for the impedance and include the frequency for each calculation in

1
every component in the RLC Circuit which gives us R=R, XL=2πfL and XC =
2𝜋𝑓𝐶
. In

table 3.2 (Equation Impedance), we found again that through 100 Hz, 200 Hz and 300
Hz, we have a pure capacitance to which the voltage lags the current by 90O and

through 400 Hz and 500 Hz, we have a pure inductance to which the voltage leads the

current by 90O. This will make their vector voltages out-of-phase with each other which

when plot will create an impedance triangle making the current vector as a reference.

We say that the overall reactance, X, is equal to XL-XC and the impedance can be

computed as |Z| = √(𝑅 2 + 𝑋 2 ). Using this, we can also compute for the phase angle

between the voltage source and the current as the angle between Z and R. We now can

confirm through the phase angle that through 100Hz 200 Hz and 300 Hz, it has a

negative phase angle value concluding that it is capacitive as the voltage lags and that

the phase angle through 400 Hz and 500 Hz has a positive phase angle value

concluding that it is inductive as the voltage leads.

At the end of experiment, we write its equivalent rectangular and polar form to

which the former contains the resistance as the real part and the overall reactance as

the imaginary part and the latter containing the impedance and its respective phase

angle based from the calculated impedance triangle.

Final Data Sheet

Table 3.1:

Frequency Total Total Resistor Inductor Capacitor

(Hz) Voltage Current Voltage Voltage(VL) Voltage
(VT) (IT) (VR) Vrms Vrms (VC)

Vrms mA rms Vrms

100 3.2 6 0.592 0.376 4.332

200 3.4 15.5 1.544 1.964 5.564

300 3.52 36 3.530 6.735 8.616

400 3.64 33 3.256 8.283 5.960

500 3.72 20 2.014 6.405 2.949

Table 3.2:

Frequency (Hz)
Formula
100 200 300 400 500
Ohm's Law
(Measured R =𝐼𝑅
𝑉

Values) 𝑅 98.67 99.61 98.06 98.67 100.7

𝑉𝐿
𝑋𝐿 =
𝐼𝐿
62.67 126.71 187.08 251 320.25

𝑉𝐶
𝑋𝐶 =
𝐼𝐶 722 364.78 239.33 180.61 147.45

𝑉
| Z | =𝐼𝑇 666.67 258.07 111.11 121.21 200
𝑇

Equation R=R 100 100 100 100 100

Impedance 125.66 188.49 251.32 314.15
XL = 2𝝅𝒇𝑳 62.832
4 6 7 9

XC = 𝟐𝝅𝒇𝑪
𝟏 723.43 361.71 241.14 180.85 144.68
2 6 4 8 6

Frequency (Hz)
Formula 100 200 300 400 500
X = XL –
Pythagor -659.33 -238.07 -52.25 145.839 172.8
XC
ean |Z| =
Theorem 666.87 258.22 112.828 176.83 199.649
√𝑅 2 + 𝑋 2
(Impedan
ce Θz =
Triangle)
𝑋 -81.376 -67.215 -27.587 55.562 59.942
tan−1(𝑅 )

Z = R+j(XL 100- 100- 100- 100+j145.8

Complex 100+j172.8
– XC) j659.33 j238.07 j52.25 39
Number
 666.87 258.22 112.828
Z = |Z|∟ 176.83∟55. 199.649∟59.
∟- ∟- ∟-
Θz 562 942
81.356 67.215 27.587