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Note
Note
This form of matter was predicted in 1924 by Albert Einstein on the basis of the quantum formulations of the
Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose. Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a state of matter in which separate atoms or
subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero coalesce into a single quantum mechanical entity. Under such
conditions, a large fraction of bosons occupy the lowest quantum state A BEC is formed by cooling a gas of extremely
low density, about one-hundred-thousandth the density of normal air, to ultra-low temperatures.
This transition to BEC occurs below a critical temperature and is given by