PROJECT REPORT

ON

“ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM

SPEED BREAKER”

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Diploma

in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Board of Technical Education Mumbai, Maharashtra

GUIDED BY:-
PROF. NAVNEET SINGH

SUBMITTED BY
1
2
3
4
 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
G.H. RAISONI POLYTECHNIC, NAGPUR
2010 – 2011

Certificate
This is to certify that the project report entitled
“ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY SPEED BREAKER ”
submitted by DEVENDRA BURDE, KASHIF ZAFAR, MD.
DANISH, MD. IQBAL students in final year Diploma in
mechanical Engineering has been carried out successfully, under
the guidance of Lect. NAVNEET SINGH and has been
submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for award of
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering by M.S.B.T.E. In our college
for the academic session 2010-2011.

PROJECT GUIDE
Lect. NAVNEET SINGH

PROF. V.V.KALE Sir MRS.S.P.HINGWAY

H.O.D. (ME DEPT) (PRINCIPAL)
 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGG.G.H.RASGNI POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
NAGPUR
2010-2011

SUBMISSION

We, DEVENDRA BURDE, KASHIF ZAFAR, MD.

DANISH, MD. IQBAL students of final year of the course
Diploma in Mechanical Engg. Humbly submitted that we
have completed form time to time the Project work as
described in this report by our own skill and study between
the period from July 2010-11 as per guidance of Lect.
NAVNEET SINGH

1) DEVENDRA BURDE
2) KASHIF ZAFAR
3) Md. DANISH
4) Md. IQBAL

And that, we have not copied the report or its any

appreciable part from any other literature in contravention
of our academic ethics.
 Sr.no. Topic name
1 Abstract

2 Introduction

3 Review of Literature

4 Detail of project

5 CAD Design

6 Conclusion

7 Scope for future

8 Bibliography
 ABSTRACT

Energy is the basic need for the economic growth of any country.
There is need for the efforts in order to use the energy efficiently&
effectively.

Every day million of vehicles run on the road which creates

the possibility to utilize impact force exerted by them on the road.

In this project an effort has been taken to utilize the force into
energy form which is exerted by the vehicles and is available in
huge amount.
 CHAPTER: - 1

INTRODUCTION
 CHAPTER: - 1

INTRODUCTION

In our day to day life the energy sources are

diminishing with a drastic speed. Soon the day will
come when man has to rely on the non-conventional
source of energy. Today it is the basic responsibility of
a person to save as much energy as he can.

Throughout the history of human race major

advantage in the civilization has been accompanied by
increase in consumption of energy. Today, energy
consumption is directly related to the level of living
population and industrialization of the country is
increase.
Hence, in the present time with the drastic
increase in the population of vehicles. We need to
think about the extraction of energy from these
vehicles without any effect on the normal routine of
vehicle.

In this project the above concept about the

possibility of energy extraction is used & an effort is
taken to formulate a prototype to convert such concept
into reality.
Energy extraction involves the principle of conversion of P.E into E.E.
It is a model which has a mechanism connected with a speed breaker
in order to absorb the impact force due to the passing of vehicles
over a speed breaker. It is designed and fabricated with respect to the
vehicle load of range 750kg to 1500kg with a velocity of 15 to 20
km\hr.
CHAPTER 2

PLANNING
2.1 Description:

To complete any task a systematic planning of

work with respect to time period has to be done. Proper
synchronization between work and available time takes toward
predetermined goals. Similarly in a project work various activate
has to be planned which are required to be carried out one or
many time?

Selection of area of project topic is very important

task without work cannot be started. From third week to end of
July various problems are discussed to select the object for the
project work. Then 2 and 3 weeks of August it is important to
search literature survey, which we have done. In this period we
discuss the pervious work that carried out by various researchers.
This work is planned to carry out from third week of August to
second week of September.

After all the planning we will go for the designing

work, for this we need 4th week of August to 3 week of
September. In the 3 week of October and first week of November
we will carry out the testing. Costing will be done in the 2 and 3
week of November. Similarly, conclusion and discussion would
be carried out in 4 week of November. In the mean period
fabrication and modification is done in last week of September
and throughout October. In the first week of December the final
submission of project work will be carried out.
 CHAPTER 3

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 CHAPTER 3

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

3.1 History of Electricity:-

Depute what you have learned; Benjamin Franklin did not

“invent” electricity. In fact, electricity did not begin when Benjamin
Franklin at when he flew his kite during a thunderstorm or when light
bulbs were installed in houses all around the world.
The truth is that electricity has always been around because, is
simply a flow of electrons between the ground and the clouds. When
you touch something and gets a shock, which is really static electricity
moving toward you.

Hence, electrical equipment like motors, light blubs, and batteries

isn’t needed for electricity to exist. They are just creative inventions to
harness and use electricity.

The first discoveries of electricity were made back ancient

Greece. Greek Philosophers discovered that when amber is rubbed
against cloth, lightweight objects will stick to it. This is the basis of
static electricity.

Over the centuries, there have been many discoveries made about
electricity. We’ve all heard of famous people like Benjamin Franklin
and Thomas Edison, but there have been many other inventors
throughout history that were each a part in the development of
electricity.
3.1 HOW IS ELECTRICITY GENERATED?
Transmission line for long
distance
Street light

Transformer step up Neighborhood transformer

Voltage for transmission step down voltage

The electricity is generated by any of the following devices which

work on Faraday’s Law.
.Generator
.Dynamo
GENRETOR
 An electric generator is a device for converting mechanical
energy into electrical energy. The process is based on the relationship
between magnetism and electricity. When a wire or any other
electrically conductive material moves across a magnetic field, an
electric current occurs in the wire.

A generator produces electricity. In a generator, something

causes the shaft and armature to spin. An electric current is generated,
as shown in the picture (lighting bolt)

DYNAMO:-

The Dynamo was the first electrical generator capable of

delivering power for industry. The dynamo uses electromagnetic
principles to convert mechanical rotation into an alternating electric
current. A dynamo machine consists of a stationary structure which
generates a strong magnetic field, and a set of rotating windings which
turn within that field. On small machines the magnetic field may be
provided by a permanent magnet ; larger machines have the magnetic
field created by electromagnets.
The first dynamo based on faraday’s principles was built in 1832 by
Hippolyte Pixii, a French instrument maker. It used a permanent
magnet which was rotated by a crank. The spinning magnet was
positioned so that its north and south poles passed by a piece of iron
wrapped with wire.
 3.2 BATTERY

This generated electricity can be stored for future use in the form
of charge in the device known as battery.

Classification of batteries
Batteries are usually divided into two broad classes:

. Primary battery

. Secondary battery

Primary batteries irreversibly transform chemical energy to

electrical energy. Once the initial supply of reactants is exhausted,
energy cannot be readily restored to the battery by electrical
means.

Secondary batteries can have the chemical reactions reversed by

supplying electrical energy to the cell, restoring their original
composition.
3.3 MECHANICAL COMPONENT (RELATED TO
PROJECT)

a) CHAIN DRIVE
CHAPTER 4

DETAIL OF PROJECT
 Working Principle

To utilize the reciprocation movement of speed breaker to rotary

motion of freewheel and utilize the rotary movement of freewheel
to generate electricity.

Construction and Working

In our project all the system are arrange in the side of the road &
the speed breaker is on road when any vehicle pass from the speed
breaker then the speed breaker give the jerk to the connecting rod
of the crank & the crank start to rotate which one end is connected
to gear & that gear is connected with the freewheel with the help of
chain drive & that freewheel is connected with the tyre of bicycle.
When the vehicle pass from converted in rotary movement by
crank which rotate the tyre & by that the shaft of Dynamo is rotate
& by that we generate the Electricity.
Vehicle Pass
from the Road

Speed Breaker Connecting rod get jerk & gives the rotary
gets the jerk Movement to crank

Gear gives the rotary movement to free

wheel by chain drive

Dynamo

Voltage Regulator

Battery

Inverter Sensor Street light

CHAPTER 5

CAD
DESIGNING
 CHAPTER 5

CAD DESIGNING

Pro/ENGINEER CAD Software has been used for designing of

Speed breaker Electric generation-Mechanism

The above diagram shows the various component of the

mechanical entities of the system. They are as follows.

Gear--- Number of teeth 60

Gear--- Number of teeth 44
Dynamo Wheel = 1 cm
Wheel – radius 37 cm
Number of teeth in sprocket is 17
Crank shaft rotation 10º to 170º
 5.1 Design of Project :-

When we design any machine part or machine us considerer

may thing:-
Load : - Shock Load
Motion of machine part :- reciprocating motion converted in
rotary motion.
Selection of material : - Galvanized mild steel
Form and size of part: - less space required
Friction resistance and lubrication :- very less lubrication is
used.
Use of standard parts:- bearing, gear nut sprocket etc.
Safety of operation:- very safe;
Work shape facilities :- it can be made in any ordinary
workshop
Number of machine to be manufactured L- Only welding
machine are used
Cost of Construction :- very less n comparison to other station.
Assembly:- very easy, no much necessary of skilled person.
Convenient and economical :- Convenient in used and most
economical

Calculation :-
Circumference of bigger fly Wheel D = 2 x π x r
= 2 x π x 37
= 232.36 cm
= 2323.6 mm

Circumference of Smaller fly Wheel D = 2 x π x r

=2xπx1
= 6.28 cm
= 62.8 mm
 In 1 minute
Number of vehicle passing through road in about 50 in busy
road.

1 vehicle gives 320 rotation of bigger wheel

50 vehicle gives = 320 x 50
= 16000 rpm

As we know the 360º in completer rotation of cycle wheel

1º = 1/360
32000 = 1/360 x 16000
N = 44.444 rotation in 1 minute

Diameter of a crank shaft = 3cm

Radius = D/2
= 3/2
= 1.5 cm

Torque = Force x Displacement

= 60 x 1.5
= 90 N cm
= 900 N mm

Then we find speed of dynamo wheel

D/d = N2/N
2324.78/62.83 = N2/44.4444
N2 = (2324.78x 44.444) / 62.8
= 1645.26 rpm.

Dynamo N2 = 1645rpm

In 25 vehicle = 822.24 rpm

In 50 vehicle = 1645.26 rpm
 In 50 vehicle = 3288.98 rpm

Battery 12v / 7amp

2 Bulb = 15watt
= 2 x 15 = 20 watt

For Charging

Volt = 12+ 14/v

= 15 volt

From Dynamo current = 10 amp

10 x 1/5 = 2 amp
Time = 10 amp / 2amp
= 5 hours
When current rate increase then battery charging
time is reduces Precaution for battery automatic cutoff of the
power with the help of magnetically relay to be set accordingly it’s
prevent from over charging of battery.
Bulb used in street lights in India are as follows:-

GLS (gas filled lamp)

Halogen

GLS (Gas Filled Lamp) :- This provides light with the amount
of heart i.e. current gives more heat and then it produce more light.
It consumes very much power. Cost of GLS is 2500/- Rupees.

Halogen :- it is one kind of GLS Bulb current flow develop the

halogen gas into liquid form. And these are made with the help of
chromium & tungsten. Due to hear process the power consumption
is more just like GLS. Cost of GLS is 2500/- Rupees
 But in our project we use CFL (compact florescent lamp) this is
also called critically low power filament circuit which develop less
hear with more light that is known as florescent tube(FTL). Due to
this process consumption of power is less both the corner tungsten
wire is provided which develop florescent in the meaning of light.

Mirror :- In our project highly polished mirror is used are used.

Spreading of light depending upon dot of mirror (silver ammonium
polish)

Note: In CFL electric circuit watt reduces but current will

increase it consume 10 times less current then other bulb as
compare to halogen bulb. Cost of CFL is 100/- Rupees.

Rating on a street light for:

Halogen and GLS 500 watt of each bulb in one Kilometer 60

bulb wants but we take 100 bulbs. Per bulb gain 250 volts.

1 Bulb = 500 watt

100 Bulb = 50000 watt or 50 kw

The current required = 50000/250 = 250Amp

So dynamo required 200 Amp / 50kw
Cost of 50 kw and 200 Amp Dynamo = 5 lac
or it required speed 1440rpm to 3500rpm

For CFL we know that electric current CFL (100 watts) required
10 times less than in comparison to Halogen. In 1 Kilometer (30
poles) are required in 1 pole we use 5 bulb so in 30 poles it
required 150 bulbs.
But we take 500 bulbs in 1 kilometer

1 bulb = 100 watt

500 bulbs = 500 x 100
 = 50000watt
= 50 kw

we know that CFL used 10 times less electric in comparison to

Halogen.

50/10 = 5kw
Current required = 50000/250 X 10
= 20 Amp

Volt required for bulb 50000 = 50000/250 X 10

= 20 Volt

Heating of electricity for 1 bulb halogen bulb for 10 hours.

500 watt X 1 Hours = 5000 watts

In 1000 watts = 1 unit = 10 Rupees

Introduction to Pro/E Wildfire 4.0

Pro/ENGINEER is a parametric, feature based, solid
modeling System. It is the only menu driven higher end
software. Pro/ENGINEER provides mechanical engineers
with an approach to mechanical design automation based on
solid modeling technology and the following features.
3-D Modeling
The essential difference between Pro/ENGINEER and
traditional CAD systems is that models created in
Pro/ENGINEER exist as three-dimensional solids. Other 3-D
modelers represent only the surface boundaries of the
model. Pro/ENGINEER models the complete solid. This not
only facilitates the creation of realistic geometry, but also
allows for accurate model calculations, such as those for
mass properties.
Parametric Design
Dimensions such as angle, distance, and diameter
control Pro/ENGINEER model geometry. You can create
relationships that allow parameters to be automatically
calculated based on the value of other parameters. When
you modify the dimensions, the entire model geometry can
update according to the relations you created.

CAD Geometry of Electric generation-Mechanism

Feature-Based Modeling

You create models in Pro/ENGINEER by building features.

These features have intelligence, in that they contain knowledge of
their environment and adapt predictably to change. Each features
asks the user for specific information based on the feature type. For
example, a hole has a diameter, depth, and placement, while a
round has a radius and edges to round.
Associativity
Pro/ENGINEER is a fully associative system. This means
that a change in the design model anytime in the development
process is propagated throughout the design, automatically
updating all engineering deliverables, including assemblies,
drawings, and manufacturing data. Associativity makes concurrent
engineering possible by encouraging change, without penalty, at
any point in the development cycle. This enables downstream
functions to contribute their knowledge and expertise early in the
development cycle.

Capturing Design Intent

The strength of parametric modeling is in its ability to satisfy

critical design parameters throughout the evolution of a solid
model. The concept of capturing design intent is based on
incorporating engineering knowledge into a model. This intent is
achieved by establishing feature and part relationships and by the
feature-dimensioning scheme. An example of design intent is the
proportional relationship between the wall thickness of a pressure
vessel and its surface area, which should remain valid even as the
size of the vessel changes.

Combining Features into Parts

The various types of Pro/ENGINEER features serve as

building blocks in the progressive creation of solid parts. Certain
features, by necessity, precede others in the design process. The
features that follow rely on the previously defined features for
dimensional and geometric references. The progressive design of
features can create relationships between features already in the
design and subsequent features in the design that reference them.
The following figure illustrates the progressive design of features.

Parent-Child Relationships

The definition of a feature frequently relies on dimensional

and geometric cues taken from another feature. This kind of
relationship is termed a parent-child relationship. The parent-child
relationship is one of the most powerful aspects of
Pro/ENGINEER. When a parent feature is modified, its children
are automatically recreated to reflect the changes in the geometry
of the parent feature. It is therefore essential to reference feature
dimensions and geometry so design modifications are correctly
propagated throughout the model. Because children reference
parents, features can exist without children, but children cannot
exist without their parents.

Part Modeling
 Starting Out in Part Mode--Describes how to start creating a
part with Pro/ENGINEER.
 Sketcher--Describes how to create sketches in a stand-alone Sketcher mode.

 Datums--Describes how to create datum features: datum planes, datum points,

datum curves, datum axes, coordinates features, graphs, evaluate features.

 Sketching on a Model--Describes how to create 3-D sections in the process of

feature creation.

 Feature Creation Basics--Describes how to create extruded and revolved

protrusions.

 Sweeps, Blends, and Advanced Features--Describes how to create sweeps,

blends, and advanced features.

 Construction Features--Describes how to create construction features, such as

holes, slots, and cuts.

 Rounds--Describes how to add rounds to part geometry.

 Tweak Features--Describes how to create tweak features, such as draft, local

push, and section dome.

 Creating Surface Features--Describes how to create surface features.

 Creating Advanced Surface Features--Describes how to create advanced surface

features.

 Working with Quilts--Describes operations that you can perform on quilts.

 Freeform Manipulation--Describes how to dynamically manipulate a surface of a

part or quilt.

 Patterning Features--Describes how to pattern features.

 Copying Features--Describes how to create and place groups of features, and

how to copy features.

 Modifying the Part--Describes how to modify and redefine the part.

 Regenerating the Part--Describes how to regenerate the part and resolve

regeneration problems.
Assembly
Just as you can combine features into parts, you can also combine parts into
assemblies. Assembly mode in Pro/ENGINEER enables you to place component parts
and subassemblies together to form assemblies, as well as to design parts based on how
they should fit together. You can then modify, analyze, or reorient the resulting
assemblies.

Overview
To create a subassembly or an assembly, you must place a base component or
feature, then attach additional components to the base and to each other. You cannot
attach components to an exploded assembly. You must unexplode it first.
You can add components to an assembly in the following ways:

 Attach a component parametrically by specifying its position relative to the base

component or other components in the assembly.

 Attach a component nonparametrically using the Package command in the

COMPONENT menu. Use packaging as a temporary means to include the
component in the assembly; then finalize its location with assembly instructions.

 Create a part or subassembly directly in Assembly mode. This option is available

only if you have a Pro/ASSEMBLY license.

Working with Assemblies

To work with an assembly, use the File menu to open or create an assembly file
(see Introduction to Pro/ENGINEER for more information). The ASSEMBLY menu
displays the following options:

 Component--Manipulates assembly components (using the COMPONENT

menu).
 Feature--Manipulates assembly features (using the ASSY FEAT menu).
 Modify--Modifies assembly or component dimensions and features (using the
ASSEM MOD and MODIFY menus).
 Restructure--Modifies assembly groupings, moving components from one
assembly or subassembly to another (using the RESTRUCTURE menu).
 Mechanism--Allows you to define motion for the assembly (using
Pro/MECHANICA).
 Simplfd Rep--Creates, modifies, or sets a simplified representation (using the
SIMPLFD REP menu).
 Design Mgr--Accesses tools to manage assembly design (using the DESIGN
MGR menu).
 Expld State--Creates, sets, and modifies explode states of an assembly (using the
EXPLD STATE menu).
 Regenerate--Updates modified part and assembly dimensions (using the PRT TO
REGEN menu).
 Relations--Edits parametric labels and adds or edits constraint equations (using
the MODEL REL and RELATIONS menus).
 Family Tab--Edits assembly family tables or creates assembly instances (using
the FAMILY TABLE menu).
 Set Up--Assigns assembly mass properties, and specifies length units, mass units,
dimension bounds, and other set up properties (using the ASSEM SETUP menu).
 Layer--Performs layer procedures (using the LEVEL SEL and MODEL INFO
menus).
 Program--Provides an option (Pro/PROGRAM) to create a program to control
the design of parts in an assembly (using the PROGRAM menu).
 Integrate--Retrieves integration project files (created in Pro/PDM) and generates
difference reports to resolve differences between source and target assemblies
(using the INTEGRATE menu).

 Copy From--Copies entire assemblies or subassemblies into the new assembly.

Initial Procedures

To place a base component or feature, you must either create three

orthogonal datum planes as the first feature, assemble an existing component
(part, subassembly, or skeleton model), or create a base component.

Datum Planes as the First Features

When you create three orthogonal datum planes as the first features in an
assembly, you can assemble a component with respect to these planes, or create a part in
Assembly mode as the first component. Using datum planes as the first feature has the
following advantages:

 You can redefine the placement constraints of the first assembled component.

 You can pattern the first component you add, creating a flexible design.

 You can replace the first component with interchangeable components.

 You can reorder subsequent components to come before the first one (if the
components are not children of the first component).

Placing a Base Component

If you do not create three orthogonal datum planes, the base component
is the first part, subassembly, or skeleton model placed into an assembly. In
many ways it is like the base feature of a part. The initial assembly units are the
same as the units of the base component. When a base component is the first
object in an assembly (before any assembly features), no placement constraints
are defined. The component is simply placed by default. If you replace a base
component with interchangeable components, the replacing components will
always be placed by default as well.

Creating a Base Component

When you create the first component of an assembly, you can either create an
empty component or copy from an existing component. As with an assembled base
component, the initial assembly units are the same as the base component, and
interchange components that replace the created base component will always be in the
default orientation. For more information on creating a base component.

Assembling a Component Parametrically

You can position a component relative to its neighbors (components or assembly

features) so that its position is updated as its neighbors move or change. This is called
parametric assembly. Pro/ENGINEER allows you to specify constraints to determine how
and where the component relates to the assembly.
To assemble a component parametrically, use the Component Placement dialog
box. You can access this dialog box through either the pop-up menu in the Model Tree
window or the Assemble command in the COMPONENT menu. For more information
about the Model Tree Window.
 The Component Placement dialog box contains two tabs,
as shown in the following figure. The Place tab provides options for constraining
a new component, and the Move tab provides options for translating, rotating,
and adjusting a component once you have placed it in the assembly. For more
information on the Move tab, the following boxes appear in the Place tab in the
Component Placement dialog box:

 Display Component In--Allows you to change the screen window in

which the component appears while you position it. This box has two
option buttons, which you can change at any time.

 Separate Window--Shows the component in its own window while you

specify its constraints.

 Assembly--Shows the component in the assembly window while you

specify its constraints.
 Constraints--Displays the constraints that you have defined, and allows
you to add new constraints or remove existing ones.

 Add--Adds a placement constraint for the component.

 Remove--Deletes a placement constraint for the component. To access this

option, you must select a constraint in the Constraints box.

 Retr Refs--Retrieves any other components which define the location of

the component. This option appears if, in a simplified representation, you
redefine a component that depends on components that are not in the
simplified representation.

 Constr
aint Type --Allows you to select a type of constraint to define.

 Component Reference--Allows you to specify a reference on the placed

component.

 Assembly Reference--Allows you to specify a reference in the assembly.

 Offset--Allows you to define the offset from the reference. (Valid for Mate
Offset and Align Offset constraints.)

 Placement Status--Displays the current placement status of the

component.
  Comm
and Buttons

 OK--Places the component with the current constraints

 Preview--Shows the location of the component as it would be with the

current placement constraints.

 Cancel--Quits the placement operation and removes the component from

the Model Tree.

How to Assemble a Component

1. Either choose ASSEMBLY > Component > Assemble, or click the right mouse
button on the assembly name in the Model Tree and choose Component >
Assemble.
2. Select the component. The Component Placement dialog box appears and the
component appears in the Assembly Window.
3. Choose Add, then select the type of constraint to add. The default constraint type
is Mate.
4. Define the placement constraints. As you do so, Pro/ENGINEER automatically
updates a line in the Constraints box corresponding to the constraint. If you have
chosen Assembly from the Display Component In box, the placement of the
component in the assembly window is also updated as you specify constraints.
As you add constraints to the component, the Placement Status window is updated
with the following messages:

 ``No Constraints''

 ``Fully constrained''

 ``Partially constrained''

 ``Constraints invalid''

5. When the component is either ``fully constrained,'' or ``partially constrained,''

click OK to leave the Component Placement dialog box.
 If constraints are incomplete, you can leave the component as packaged
components follow the behavior dictated by the configuration file option package
constraints

Note:
Since the components are packaged but not placed, you cannot create children
that reference them. If constraints are conflicting, you can restart or continue placing the
component. If you choose to restart, it erases all previously defined constraints for the
component.

Placement Constraint Types

Using the TYPE options, you can specify 11 placement constraint types: mate,
mate offset, align, align offset, insert, orient, coordinate system, tangent, edge on surface,
point on surface, and default. This section provides a description and example of each
type.
If you are aligning or mating a datum plane, a yellow arrow appears on the
specified datum plane by default, pointing in the direction that the yellow side currently
faces. The Datum Orient dialog box also appears; choose Red or Yellow to indicate which
side of the datum plane should face in the direction indicated by the arrow.

Mate Option

Use the Mate option to make two surfaces touch one another: coincident and
facing each other. When using datum’s, you must specify which sides, red or yellow, to
mate.

Steps in Modeling of the Axial Turbine

The following is the list of steps that are use to create the required model:
 The base feature is created on three orthogonal datum planes.
  Creating two circular entities on either sides of rod crank and piston pin end (with
the help of sketcher Option).
 Filling the material between the crank and piston pin End (with the help of
EXTRUDE Option).
 The second feature is also created on datum planes.
 A cut-feature is created on the second feature.
 Creation of plane perpendicular to axis for first hole.
 Creating the first hole at the piston end (with the help of Make HOLE Option).
 Creation of plane perpendicular to axis for second hole.
 Creating the second hole at the piston end (with the help of Make HOLE Option).

1000 watt = 10 Rupees

So 1 watt = 10/1000
50000 watts = (10/1000) X 50000 = 500 Rupees in one
day for one bulb
In one year cost of electricity = 500 X 365
= 182500 Rupees

Total cost = Cost of Dynamo + Cost of electricity + Cost

of bulb.
= 500000 + 182500 + 250000
= 932500 rupees

In CFL
Cost of 100 watt CFL = 100 rupees
500 CFL = 50000 Rupees

Rating :-
1000 watt = 10 Rs. In one day
So1 = 10/1000
5000 watt = (10/1000) X 5000
= 50 Rs.
 In one year 365 x 50 = 18250 Rs (this cost is not
necessary)

Total cost = Dynamo cost + bulb cost + battery cost

= 100000 + 300000+50000
= 450000Rs.

Battery required fro CFL 20 Amp; 5kw

CHAPTER 6

Validation
 CHAPTER 6

Validation

The testing of the system was done and the following result
were observed testing below:

Instruments used : Electric Multimeter, tachometer, Stop watch.

Sr. Rpm of Voltage Time

No. Motor Generated (Volts) Required for
charging Battry
1 60 6V 16 Hours
2 120 12 V 12 Hours
3 180 18 V 8 Hours
4 320 24 V 4 Hours
CHAPETER 7

CONCLUSION
 CHAPETER 7

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

-Low Budget electricity production

-No obstruction to traffic
-Less floor area
-maintenance is very easy
-multiplexes, malls, toll booths, signals, etc can make use of this
system.
It can be used for Charging batteries and using them to light up the
streets, etc.
Principle of operation:
Simple conversion from Mechanical energy to Electrical energy.
It Generates electricity using the vehicle weight (potential energy)
as input.
The 3 different mechanisms proposed are:
-Roller mechanism
-Crank-shaft mechanism
-Rack- Pinion mechanism: This mechanism is most popularly
used. This is because of the disadvantages of other mechanisms:
Crank-shafts are required to be mounted on bearings which creates
balancing problem leading to mechanical vibrations which in turn
damage the bearings.Secondly as bearings are of sliding type, any
occurrence of variable load( which is bit obvious in case of
vehicles!!) leads to balancing problem.

From the test carried it is clear that the system can charge a
battery within 4 hours and it can give a backup of about 4-5 hour.

It was found that at high rpm the battery gets recharged very fast
i.e. within 4 hours
The power can supplied for approximately 4 to 5 hours to the 20
watts fluorescent light tube.
The annual saving of electricity will be 523.602 KW per year if
the system works at full efficiency for 8 hours per day.
 CHAPETER 8

FUTURE WORK

The system can be modified to store a greater amount of energy

to have a longer backup power. This can be done by
implementation of the system on road which is busy running.
 CHAPETER 9

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following are some books and sites from where the data
was used or imported for the project.

Electrical Engineering by Dr. B. L. Thareja