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Lecture 4 Introduction VCR Part 2 OK
Lecture 4 Introduction VCR Part 2 OK
Sameer Khandekar
http://home.iitk.ac.in/~samkhan
Introduction to
Vapor Compression
Refrigeration
Systems – Part II
Sameer Khandekar
Sameer Khandekar
Sir M. Visvesvaraya Chair Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Kanpur (UP) 208016 INDIA
Webpage: home.iitk.ac.in/~samkhan/ 1
In this presentation…
◉ Performance measurement
◉ Ideal vapor compression system
◉ Real/Practical system
◉ Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
Sameer Khandekar
Measuring performance of
1 refrigeration systems
Rating, Carnot cycle, Ideal and real cycles
Sameer Khandekar
Refrigeration effect
Refrigerating effect (N): It is defined as the quantity of heat extracted
from a cold body or space to be cooled in a given time.
N = Heat extracted from the cold space/(time taken)
Note:
1 Metric ton = 1000 kg (also referred to as ‘tonne’, to distinguish it with
a ‘short ton’
Sameer Khandekar
1 Short ton = 2000 pounds = 907 kg (in US a short ton is called as ‘ton’)
Coefficient of performance
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1-2: Compression
2-3: Condenser
3-4: Expansion
4-5: Evaporator
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A heat pump
work of transferring energy from the heat source to the heat sink.
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A heat pump
◉ When a heat pump is used for heating, it employs the same basic
refrigeration cycle used by an air conditioner or a refrigerator, but in the
opposite direction – releasing heat into the conditioned space rather
than the surrounding environment.
◉ In heating mode, heat pumps are three to four times more effective at
heating than simple electrical resistance heaters using the same amount
of electricity.
◉
Sameer Khandekar
However, the typical cost of installing a heat pump is also higher than
that of a resistance heater.
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A heat pump
◉ The most common energy source for heat pumps is atmospheric air
(air-to-air systems).
◉ Water-source systems usually use well water and ground-source
(geothermal) heat pumps use earth as the energy source. They typically
have higher COPs but are more complex and more expensive to install.
◉ Both the capacity and the efficiency of a heat pump fall significantly at
low temperatures. Therefore, most air-source heat pumps require a
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Practical layouts
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Brayton cycle
◉ In general, the Brayton cycle describes the workings of a constant-
pressure heat engine. Today, modern gas turbine engines and air
breathing jet engines are also a constant-pressure heat engines
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Thanks!
Any questions ?
You can find me at
◉ samkhan@iitk.ac.in
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