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Antenna 3 Paper (Easy)
Antenna 3 Paper (Easy)
Antenna 3 Paper (Easy)
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-5.00
m1
dB(S(WavePort1,WavePort1))
-10.00
m4
Name X Y
-15.00 m3
m1 2.5400 -10.0712
m2 3.5600 -27.4276
-20.00 m3 5.1700 -17.3370
m4 6.4900 -14.8810 Curve Info
m5 8.8400 -30.1444 dB(S(WavePort1,WavePort1))
-25.00 Setup2 : Sw eep
m2
m5
-30.00
-35.00
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
Freq [GHz]
Fig. 4. Reflection coefficient plot with resonating frequencies mentioned in the embedded table.
To understand the multifrequency characteristics of an in some modes with exhibiting the desired radiation pattern.
antenna a study of the reflection coefficient curves alone is To support the same, radiation pattern reports are generated
not sufficient it may show a very low reflection coefficient at the resonant frequencies as shown in the Fig 5(a) through
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International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 6, November 2013
Fig 5(h). Fig 5(a)-(d) represent the distribution of the field considered with five iterations. Consistently the S11 takes
for all θ and Ø=00 and Fig 5(e)-(h) represent the distribution minimum value at five different frequencies and their
of the field for all θ and Ø=900. Directivity characteristics of radiation characteristics are generated for further study.
the antenna can be studied from the Frequency versus Some of them have shown similarity in characteristics in the
Directivity plot as shown in the Fig 6. The directivity takes range of 1GHz to 8GHz. A modified form of the geometry
respectable value at regions of some frequencies which are can be employed keeping in view of the problem with
treated as resonating frequencies with the knowledge from fabrication cited above and this work will be the initial point.
the radiation characteristics. Similarly VSWR values at the 7.50
resonating frequencies are considerably good in analogous
to reflection coefficient curve as shown in Fig. 7. 6.25
5.00
D i re c t i vi t y ( dB )
3.75
2.50
1.25
0.00
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
Frequency [GHz]
Fig. 6. Frequency vs directivity plot.
(a) (b) 10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
VSWR
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
Frequency [GHz]
Fig. 7. Frequency vs VSWR plot.
(c) (d)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The first author would like to acknowledge the support
from Sri Raghu Kalidindi, Chairman, Raghu Educational
Society, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
REFERENCES
[1] Y. Mushiake, "Self-complementary antennas," Antennas and
Propagation Magazine, IEEE, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 23-29, Dec. 1992
doi: 10.1109/74.180638.
[2] D. H. Werner, R. L. Haupt,and P. L. Werner, IEEE Ant & Prop
(e) (f) Mag, vol. 41, pp. 5, Oct 1999.
[3] J. B. S. Yadav and S. Garg, “Programming applications of Fractals,”
PC Quest, 1990.
[4] J. P. Glanvittorio, “Fractals, MEMS and FSS EM devices,” University
of California, LA .
[5] B. B. Mendelbrot, The Fractal Geometry of Nature, H.Freeman, 1982.
[6] J. Anguera, C. Puente, C. Borja, R. Montero, and J. Soler, “Small and
high directivity BowTie patch antenna based on the Sierpinski
Fractal,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 31, no. 3,
Nov 5, 2001.
[7] J. Anguera, C. Puente, E. Martí nez, and E. Rozan, “The fractal Hilbert
monopole: A two-dimensional wire,” Microwave and Optical
Technology Letters, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 102-104, Jan. 2003.
[8] J. Anguera, C. Puente, C. Borja, and J. Soler, “Fractal-shaped
antennas: A Review,” Wiley Encyclopedia of RF and Microwave
(g) (h) Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 1620-1635, 2005
[9] J. Anguera, E. Martí nez, C. Puente, C. Borja, and J. Soler, “Broad-
Fig. 5. Radiation patterns of the antenna at .54GHz, 3.56GHz, 5.17GHz, band triple-frequency microstrip patch radiator combining a dual-
6.49GHz resonant frequencies for Ø=00. band modified sierpinski fractal and a monoband antenna,” IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 3367-
3373, Nov. 2006.
IV. CONCLUSION [10] N. Cohen, "Fractal Antennas," Communications Quarterly: 9,
Summer 1995.
The traditional Sierpinski fractal antenna on patch is
620
International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 6, November 2013
[11] N. Cohen, "NEC analysis of a fractalized monofilar helix in the Axial He is a Life Member of Society of EMC Engineers (India), Indian
Mode," ACES Conference Proceedings, April 1998, pp. 1051. Society for Technical Education (ISTE), Intitute of Electronics and
[12] C. P. Baliarda, J. Romeu, R. Pous, and A. Cardamn, IEEE Trans. Ant. Telecommunication Engineers (IETE), and Instrument Society of India
Prop, vol. 46, pp. 517-524, 1998. (ISI). He won best teacher award by student evaluation of 2008 batch.
[13] K. Falconer, Fractal geometry: mathematical foundations and
applications, Chicherter: John Wiley, pp. 120.
[14] H. Lebesgue, “Intégrale, longueur, aire,” Universitéde Paris, 1902. P. Mallikarjuna Rao received B.E, M.E and PhD
[15] J. Anguera, G. Montesinos, C. uente, C. Borja, and J. Soler, “An degrees from Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. He is
undersampled High-Directivity Microstrip Patch Array with a reduced a recipient of Best PhD Award during 1999. He joined
number of radiating elements inspired on the Sierpinski Fractal,” as Assistant Professor in the Department of ECE,
Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 37, no. 2, Apr 20, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh,
2003. India in 1990 and became Associate Professor in 1994
[16] Anguera et. al, “Broad-band dual frequency MPA with modified and Professor in 2002. He is Chairman, Board of
fractal geometry,” IEEE Transactions on Ant and Prop, vol. 52, no. 1, Studies, ECE, Andhra University. Prior to this he
Jan. 2004. served as Assistant Professor in SRKR College of Engineering,
[17] J. Anguera, C. Puente, C. Borja, and J. Soler, “Dual frequency Bheemavaram during 1985-90. His areas of interest includes Antennas and
broadband stacked microstrip antenna using a reactive loading and a Bio Medical Signal Processing. He has 19 International Journal
fractal-shaped radiating edge,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless publications and 31 International and National Conferences papers.
Propagation Letters, vol. 6, pp. 309-312, 2007 Prof P. Mallikarjuna.Rao is a fellow of Intitute of Electronics and
[18] J. Anguera, J. P. Daniel, C. Borja, J. Mumbrú, C. Puente, T. Leduc, N. Telecommunication Engineers (IETE). He is a Life Member of Society of
Laeveren, and P. V. Roy, “Metallized foams for fractal-shaped EMC Engineers (India) and Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE).
microstrip antennas,” IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol.
50, no. 6, pp. 20-38, Dec. 2008.
Jaume Anguera was born in Vinaròs, Spain, in 1972.
P. Satish Rama Chowdary received M.Tech in Radar He received the Technical Ingeniero degree in
and Microwave Engg from Andhra University in the electronic systems and Ingeniero degree in electronic
year 2009. He is currently pursuing PhD in Electronics engineering, both from the Ramon Llull University
& Communication Engg Department from JNTUK, (URL), Barcelona, Spain, in 1994 and 1997,
Kakinada, AP. He is working in the Department of ECE, respectively, and the Ingeniero and Ph.D. degrees in
Raghu Institute of Technology, Visakhapatnam, Andhra telecommunication engineering from the Polytechnic
Pradesh, India. His area of interest includes University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain, in
Computational Electromagnetics and Antennas. 1998 and 2003, respectively.
He is a Life Member of Intitute of Electronics and Telecommunication He published more than 150 papers in National, International Journals
Engineers (IETE), and Instrument Society of India (ISI). and Conferences. He has chaired for many International and National
conferences organized by URSI, IEEE etc. He has 70 granted patents, 50
A. Mallikarjuna Prasad did his B.Tech in ECE from patent applications and 31 patent families. He is reviewer of many
Nagarjuna University, during 1984-88. He did his international journals like IEEE, IEE Electronics Letters, PIERS, ETRI etc.
M.Tech in Electronics&Instrumetation from Andhra He is the author of books titled "Antenna Theory" and "Antennas: An
University in 1992 and completed his Ph.D in 2009 interactive approach". Since 2005, he is leading a research in antenna for
from JNTU in the field of Antennas. He has joined JNT handset and wireless devices in the frame of University-Industry
University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, as collaboration with Fractus, S.A. and University Ramon Llull. He has been
Associate Professor of ECE in June 2003. He got participating in 10 national projects, as principal investigator in some of
promoted as Professor in ECE during Nov 2011. He has them.
20 publications in various International and National Journals and
conferences. His areas of interest includes Antennas and Bio-Medical
Instrumentation.
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