Assignment # 1

SUBJECT : Business Strategies & policy

STUDENT ID : 18004021001

STUDENT NAME : Syed Wajahat Hussain

SUBMITTED TO : Sir Usman Riaz Mir

Peter Drucker:
Peter Drucker was an Austrian-born American management consultant, educator,
and author, whose writings contributed to the philosophical and practical foundations of the
modern business corporation. He was also a leader in the development of management
education, he invented the concept known as Management by objective and self-control..

Peter Drucker’s contributions:

Drucker is considered the single most important thought leader in the world of management, and
several ideas run through most of his writings:

 Decentralization and simplification. Drucker discounted the command and control model and
asserted that companies work best when they are decentralized. According to Drucker,
corporations tend to produce too many products, hire employees they don't need (when a
better solution would be outsourcing), and expand into economic sectors that they should
avoid.
 The concept of "Knowledge worker” in his 1959 book The Landmarks of Tomorrow. Since
then, knowledge-based work has become increasingly important in businesses worldwide.
 The concept of what eventually came to be known as "Outsourcing”. He used the example of
"front room" and "back room" of each business: A company should be engaged in only the
front room activities that are critical to supporting its core business. Back room activities
should be handed over to other companies, for whom these tasks are the front room
activities.
 The importance of the nonprofit sector, which he calls the third sector (private sector and the
Government sector being the first two). Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) play crucial
roles in the economies of countries around the world.
 A profound skepticism of macroeconomic theory. Drucker contended that economists of all
schools fail to explain significant aspects of modern economies.
 A lament that the sole focus of microeconomics is price citing its lack of showing what
products actually do for us, thereby stimulating commercial interest in discovering how to
calculate what products actually do for us, from their price.
 Respect for the worker. Drucker believed that employees are assets not liabilities. He taught
that knowledgeable workers are the essential ingredients of the modern economy, and that a
hybrid management model is the sole method of demonstrating an employee's value to the
organization. Central to this philosophy is the view that people are an organization's most
valuable resource, and that a manager's job is both to prepare people to perform and give
them freedom to do so.
 A belief in what he called "the sickness of government." Drucker made nonpartisan claims
that government is often unable or unwilling to provide new services that people need and/or
want, though he believed that this condition is not intrinsic to the form of government. The
chapter "The Sickness of Government in his book The Age of Discontinuity formed the basis
of new public management, a theory of public administration that dominated the discipline in
the 1980s and 1990s.
 The need for "planned abandonment Businesses and governments have a natural human
tendency to cling to "yesterday's successes" rather than seeing when they are no longer
useful.
 A belief that taking action without thinking is the cause of every failure.
 The need for community. Early in his career, Drucker predicted the "end of economic man"
and advocated the creation of a "plant community where an individual's social needs could
be met. He later acknowledged that the plant community never materialized, and by the
1980s, suggested that volunteering in the nonprofit sector was the key to fostering a healthy
society where people found a sense of belonging and civic pride.
 The need to manage business by balancing a variety of needs and goals, rather than
subordinating an institution to a single value. This concept of management by objective and
self-control forms the keynote of his 1954 landmark The Practice of Management.
 A company's primary responsibility is to serve its customer. profit is not the primary goal,
but rather an essential condition for the company's continued existence and sustainability.
 A belief in the notion that great companies could stand among humankind's noblest
inventions.
 "Do what you do best and outsource the rest" is a business tagline first "coined and
developed in the 1990s by Drucker. The slogan was primarily used to advocate outsourcing
as a viable business strategy. Drucker began explaining the concept of outsourcing as early
as 1989 in his Wall Street Journal (WSJ) article entitled "Sell the Mailroom. In 2009 by way
of recognition, Drucker was posthumously inducted into the Outsourcing Hall of Fame for
his outstanding work in the field.
 An idea of so-called "Noncustomers". In Managing in the Next Society, Drucker pointed to
the department store as Exhibit A. "Nobody knew more about their customers than did these
stores," Drucker explained. "But they had no information about noncustomers. They had
28% of the retail market, the largest single share. However, this meant that 72% didn't shop
at department stores. And the department stores had no information on these people. And
they couldn't have cared less."