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Global Population and Mobility
Global Population and Mobility
World population
In July 2018, the world population is 7,632,819,325. In 2010, there were only
6,958,169,159 people in the world. The present median age of the population is 29.9. Fertility
rate is 2.51. The number of people per kilometer is 76.
Population in the word is currently (2018) growing at a rate around 1.09% per year (down
from 1.12% in 2017 and 1.14% in 2016). The current average population increase is estimated at
83 million people per year.
Annual growth rate reached its peak in the late 1960s, when it was at around 2%. The rate
of increase has nearly halved since then, and will continue to decline in the coming years. It is
estimated to reach 1% by 2013, less than 0.5% by 2052, and 0.25% in 2076 (a yearly addition of
27 million people to a population of 10.7 billion). In 2100, it should be only 0.09%, or an
addition of only 10 million people to a total population of 11.2 billion.
The latest world population projections indicate that world population will reach 10
billion persons in the year 2055 and 11 billion in the year 2088.
The Philippines, with a very small land area compared to other countries is number 13
among the top 20 countries with largest population (live). Below is the top 20 countries with the
largest population (live).
World population will therefore continue to grow in the 21st century, but at a much
slower rate compared to the recent past. World population has double (100% increase) in 40
years from 1959 (3 billion) to 1999 (6 billion). It is now estimated that it will take another nearly
40 years to increase by another 50% to become 9 billion by 2037.
Global Mobility
Global migration is the flow or movement of people from one place to another around the
world. The main purpose of migration is to find work or employment.
constitute only 48% of the international migrants stocks worldwide, and 42% in Asia, women
make up the majority of international migrants in Europe (52.4%) and North America (51.2%).
South – South migration flows (across developing countries) continued to grow
compared to South – North movement (from developing to developed countries); in 2015, 90.2
million international migrants born in developing countries resided in other countries in the
Global South, while 85.3 million born in the South resided in countries in the Global north.
Germany became the second most popular destination for international migrants globally
( in absolute numbers ), following the United States and preceding the Russian Federation with
an estimated 12 million foreign - born residing in the country in 2015 ( against 46.6 million in
the U.S. and 11.9 million in the Russian Federation ). As a proposition of the host country’s
population, however, numbers of international migrants continue to be highest in Gulf
Cooperation Council countries: the foreign – born population makes up 88.4% of the total
population in the United Arab Emirates, 75.7% in Qatar and 73.6% in Kuwait.
Close to 1 in 5 migrants in the world live in the top 20 largest cities, according to IOM’s
World Migration Report 2015. International migrants make up over a third of the total
population in cities like Sydney, Auckland, Singapore and London, and at least one in four
residents in Amsterdam, Frankfurt and Paris in foreign – born.
The year 2015 saw the highest levels of forced displacement globally recorded since
World War II, with a dramatic increase in the number of refugees, asylum – seekers and
internally displaced people across various regions of the world – from Africa to the Middle East
and South Asia. The world hosted 15.1 million refugees be mid – 2015. This is a 45% increase
compared to three and a half years ago, largely due to continued conflict in the Syrian Arab
Republic, now well into its 5th year. Some 8.6 million persons were newly displaced in 2015
alone.
In 2015, Germany also became the largest single recipient of first – time individual
asylum claims globally, with almost 442,000 applications lodged in the country by the end of the
year. The number of asylum claims worldwide almost doubled between the end of 2014 to
almost 1 million by the end of June 2015. This figure continued to increase, rising to about 3.2
million pending asylum applications globally by the end of 2015.
By the end of 2015, the EU as a whole received over 1.2 million first – time asylum
claims, more than double the number registered in 2014 ( 563,000 ), and almost double the levels
recorded in 1992 in the 15 Member States ( 672,000 applications ). The increase in 2015 is
largely due to higher numbers of asylum claims from Syrians, Afghans and Iraqis ).
Almost 1 in 3 first – time asylum applicants in the UE were minors, a 9% increase
compared to 2014 levels; also, 1 in 4 of these were judge to be unaccompanied by national
authorities – the highest number since 2008 and a three – fold increase on numbers registered in
2014.
Still, the vast majority of refugees continue to be hosted by developing countries,
particularly those that are proximate to the refugees’ countries of origin: for instance, the bulk of
Syrian refugee population is hosted by Turkey ( 2.2 million ), Lebanon ( 1.2 million ) and Jordan
( almost 630,000 ), according to figures recorded in December 2015.
Also, most forced displacement globally still occurs within countries’ borders, with an
estimated 38 million people internally displaced by conflict and violence at the end of 2014 –
from Iraq to South Sudan , from Syria to the Democratic Republic of Congo and Nigeria.
The year 2015 was also the deadliest year for migrants increase levels of forced
displacement globally were tragically accompanied by record – high numbers of people
perishing or going missing while trying to cross international borders. Over 5,400 migrants
worldwide are estimated to have died or gone missing in 2015. According to IOM’s Missing
Migrants project, migrants fatalities during migrations to Europe increased by 15% compared to
the previous year, reaching at least 3,770.
From 2014 to 2015, a major and sudden shift in routes to irregular migrations by sea to
Europe occurred – with about 853,000 arriving to Greece compared to almost 154,000 to Itally,
as opposed to about 34,400 and 170,100 respectively in 2014.
In 2015, the number of voluntary returns of migrants ( e.g failed asylum – seekers , and
other groups ) from EU countries was for the first time higher than the number of forced returns (
81,681 against 72,473 ). Moreover, the number of IOM – assisted voluntary returns from EU
Member States, Norway and Switzerland in 2015 reached a figure of almost 56,000.
New estimates for the number if migrant workers globally show that the large majority of
international migrants in the world are migrant workers. Migrants have higher labor force
participation than non – migrants particularly due to higher labor force participation rates for
migrant women relative to non – migrant women.
Remittances continue to climb globally while remittance – sending costs remain
relatively high. The sum of financial remittances sent by international migrants back to their
families in origin countries amounted to an estimated $581 billion in 2015 – over three – quarters
of which were sent to low and middle – income economies. In Tajiskistan remittances
constituted over 40% of the country’s GDP. However, average remittances transfer costs were
still at 7.5% of the amount sent in the third quarter of 2015, higher than the 3% minimum target
set in the Sustainable Development Goals to be met by 2030. Remittances transfer costs are
particularly high in Sub – Saharan Africa –that standing at 9.5% on average.
Finally, public opinion towards migration globally is more favorable than commonly
perceived – with the notable exception of Europe, according to an IOM – Gallup report.
1991 work, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo; although the term “world city”, which
refers to cities involved with large amount of global business, dates to a least the May 1886
description of Liverpool, by the Illustrated London News. Patrick Gedddes also used the term
“word city” later in 1915. More recently, the term has been described as being synonymous with
a city’s influence and “financial capital”, with other factors becoming less relevance.
Characteristics
Although what constitutes a world city is still subject to debate; standard characteristics
of world cities are:
According to Greig Charmock, a global city is an urban center that enjoys significant
advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system. The terms have its
origins in research on cities carried out during the 1980s, which examined the common
characteristics of the world’s most important cities. However, with increased attention being paid
to processes of globalization during subsequent years, these world cities came to be known as
global cities. Linked with globalization was the idea of spatial reorganization and hypothesis that
cities were becoming key loci within global networks of productions of the global city thesis,
then, such cities are seen as the building blocks of globalization. Simultaneously, these cities
were becoming newly privileged sites of local politics within the context of a broader project to
reconfigures state institutions.