Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Final Project of Syntax (Rosyi)
Final Project of Syntax (Rosyi)
Conducted by:
HUMANITIES FACULTY
2017/2018
I. Introduction
The next number is number five, the subject is located before the verb “are” with
the same explanation in previous number. The same position of subject until
number nine.
In modification, there are also head and modifier. he head of a phrase is the word
that determines the syntactic category of that phrase. For example, the head of the
noun phrase “native English speakers (number 14) is “speakers”. Analogously, the
head of a compound is the stem that determines the semantic category of that
compound. Modifier is an optional element in phrase structure or clause structure.
A modifier is so called because it is said to modify (change the meaning of)
another element in the structure, on which it is dependent. Typically the modifier
can be removed without affecting the grammar of the sentence. For example, in
the English sentence “There are no additional criteria for native English speakers”,
the “no additional criteria” and native English” are modifier, “no additional
criteria” is modifying “there” and “native English” is modifying “speakers”. So, in
one sentence there are two modifiers but it can be one modifier “no additional
criteria for native English speakers” which is modifying “are” and from “are no
additional criteria for native English speakers” is modifying “There”.
I will show the head and modifier from each number :
1. “A balanced group of native majority language” is modifying “speakers” and
“native minority language” is modifying “speakers”.
2. “Most TWBE” is modifying “program” and “implemented at the elementary
level with Spanish as the minority language’ is modifying “are”, then “are” is
modifying “most TWBE program”.
3. “A TWBE program is modified by “aims” and “aims” is modified by whole
sentence after “aims”.
4. “The TWBE” is modifying “program” then, “discussed” is modified by “in
this article is located at the Barbieri School in Framingham, Massachusetts”.
5. “The largest language” is modifying “groups”. “Spanish and Brazilian
Portuguese” is modifying “speakers”.
6. “Native English” is modifying “speakers” and the “Hispanic” is modifying
“students” then, “come together and integrate” is modified by “for social and
academic purposes”.
7. “The Barbieri two-way bilingual” is modifying “program” and “has been” is
modified by “in existence for 10 years”.
8. “A program” is modified by “with a kindergarten” and “a first grade” is
modified by “was proposed in 1990 as a strand within the school after two
years of planning and professional development”.
9. “Students” as the head which is modified by “continue their Spanish language
development at high school with a TWBE Spanish Language and Literature
class”.
10. “The Framingham elementary program” is modifying “strives” and “to
achieve” modified by “the following academic, linguistic, and sociocultural
goals”.
11. “Whenever there are more applicants than available” is modifying “slots”,
“students” is head and it modified by “are assigned by lottery”.
12. “Few” is modifying “students” and “kindergarten” modified by “are added
after due to a lack of adequate language proficiency levels in either Spanish or
English”.
13. “The oral Language Assessment Scale in English and Spanish for five 6 year-
old” is modifying “students” and “program” modified by “determines
participation for non-native speakers of English”.
14. “There are no additional criteria for native English” is modifying word
“speakers”.
15. “The Barbieri TWBE program” is modifying “design” then, “differentiated”
modified by “best described as a TWBE program”.
16. “Table 1” is modified by. “Shows” modified by “the program design for each
grade level” for the “Spanish” is modifying “speakers” and “the English”
modifying “speakers” and then, “how each language is used for the different”
is modifying “subjects”.
17. “Unshaded” is modifying “areas”. “represent” is modified by “times that
students are grouped by language group”.
18. “Barbieri English-speaking” is modifying word “students” and “development”
is modified by “for initial literacy which are not immersed in Spanish ”.
19. “An increased number of English-dominant Hispanic” is modifying
“students”. “program” is modified by “the Barbieri”, and “students” also
modified by “speak a language other than English at home”.
20. “do not switch languages while teaching” is explaining the “Teachers”
21. “The selection of each unit is primarily based on the availability of” and “in
Spanish” are modified or explain “materials”.
22. “The ESL and SSL” is modifying “classes”. “are taught” is modified by “as
content-based language classes where authentic literature is used extensively”.
23. “The ESL/SSL” is modified “teachers” and “use” can be used to express “the
same approach to literacy as the TWBE bilingual classroom teachers” and
“the guided reading library in a similar fashion”.
24. “pairs” is head and modified by “almost all the interactions between the
native/non-native speaker during Spanish math time were in English”.
25. Such findings imply that the integrated setting does not necessarily support the
“extended” can be modified by “use of Spanish to negotiate” and “develop”
can be modified by “academic language”. “the native Spanish” is modifying
“speakers”.
26. “The next” modified “question”. “Translates” explans the “approach into
expected performance levels” for “both groups of” is modified “students”.
27. “This section explores the achievement patterns for the TWBE” is modifying
“students”.
28. This means that “the Spanish” is modifying “speakers” are able to maintain
their native language and “English” is modifying “speakers” develop their
“appropriate” can be modified with “Spanish levels as measured by the
Aprenda”.
29. The MCAS is a norm-referenced assessment, which aims to measure the
content and skills outlined in the Massachusetts Curriculum Content
Frameworks. “This sentence is explaining about the MCAS”.
30. In short, the Barbieri TWBE program uses achievement data to reflect on
practices and how these practices relate to theory and outcomes. Program is
the head which is modified by the Barbieri and then data is modified by
achievement. “On practice and how these practices relate to theory and
outcomes” is modifying “reflect”, and reflect itself modified then data
modified ‘program”.
31. Teachers use data to reflect on the effectiveness of their practices and have
particularly focused on the quality of LI literacy instruction for the Spanish
speakers, the transfer of language skills from LI to L2, and the effectiveness of
the second language component. Almost the same with number 30 that data as
head or main which sentence after “reflect” is modified “reflect” and “reflect”
modified the “data”.
32. The purpose of this program evaluation is not to prove that the TWBE
program is better than other programs. Whole sentence is describe the purpose
of the program.
III. Conclusion