LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Group Discussion:
 We formed a group of 6 students and selected a topic
 Time: 10 minutes.
 We discussed various Pros & Cons of the topic
 Our group members were gave valid points and the GD session was conducted
successfully.
Interview skills:
 At first our faculty explained about the interview types, objectives and conducted
mock interview.
 In that mock interview session our faculty asked tricky question which are
normally asked in interviews.
 Each student came to the stage and attended the mock interview. We got a good
exposure and gained a lot of knowledge on how interview are conducted.
Presentation:
Non-technical:
 In this presentation session each student presented a general topic.
 Students selected different topic like global warming, population, pollution,
mobile phones, recycling, etc.
 Each one presented a 3 to 4 minutes presentation with a lot of detail/data about
their topic.
Technical:
 In this technical presentation we selected topics from our syllabus.
 Each one presented a 3 to 4 minutes presentation with a lot of technical details.

1
 Some of my group members presented topics like Advanced Construction
Technology, Soil Mechanics, Railway Tracks, etc.

Listening:
 In this session we heard online listening test. In that we listened to a passage and
filled the blanks with the correct words.
 It gave us to understand the pronunciation of English people. From this exercise
we learnt the correct pronunciation of the words in the passage.
Reading:
 In this session we read a comprehension passage.
 Answered the questions asked below the passage.
 We learned how to understand the passages and answer the questions accordingly.
 By this exercise we learned new words.
Jumbled Sentence/Cloze Test:
 In this session we read five sentences.
 Which were given in a jumbled order.
 We arranged the sentences in order by finding out the logical links.
 In cloze test we selected the right answers to fill the blanks in the passage from
the words given in the box.
Spotting the Errors:
 In this session we read two sentences in each questions and found out which one
is correct.
 By applying our grammar knowledge we were able to spot the errors.

Time Management:

2
 In this session our faculty member explained about time management and its
importance.
 We learnt how to manage our time in an efficient manner.
And we also learnt how important time management is for an engineer

3
 PRESENTATION – I

(TECHNICAL)

LASER BEAM WELDING

Laser beam welding

4
 Laser Beam Weldingis a fusion welding process in which two metal pieces are
joined together by the use of laser. The laser beams are focused to the cavity
between the two metal pieces to be joined. The laser beams have enough energy
and when it strikes the metal pieces produces heat that melts the material from the
two metal pieces and fills the cavity. After cooling a strong weld is formed
between the two pieces.
Working Principle
It works on the principle that when electrons of an atom gets excited by
absorbing some energy. And then after some time when it returns back to its
ground state, it emits a photon of light. The concentration of this emitted photon
increased by stimulated emission of radiation and we get a high energy
concentrated laser beam.
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation is called laser.
Main Parts
The main parts or equipment of laser beam welding are:
1. Laser Machine: It is a machine that is used to produce laser for welding. The
main components of laser machine are shown below.
2. Power Source: A high voltage power source is applied across the laser machine
to produce laser beam.
3. CAM: It is a computer aided manufacturing in which the laser machine is
integrated with the computers to perform welding process. All the controlling
action during the welding process by laser is done by CAM. It speeds up the
welding process to a greater extent.
4. CAD: It is called as Computer aided Design. It is used to design the job for
welding. Here computers are used to design the workpiece and how the welding
is performed on it.
5. Shielding Gas: A shielding gas may be used during the welding process in
order to prevent the w/p from oxidation.

Typesaser Used
1. Gas lasers: It uses mixtures of gases as lasing medium to produce laser.
Mixtures of gases such as nitrogen, helium and co2 are used as lasing medium.

5
2. Solid-state laser: it uses several solid media such as synthetic ruby crystal
(chromium in aluminum oxide), neodymium in glass (Nd:glass), and
neodymium in yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG , most commonly used).
3. Fiber laser: The lasing medium in this type of laser is optical fiber itself.

Characteristics of Laser Beam Welding

1. The power density of laser beam welding is high. It is of the order 1 MW/cm2.
Because of this high energy density, it has small heat-affected zones. The rate of
heating and cooling is high.
2. The laser beams produced are coherent ( having same phase) and
monochromatic ( i.e. having same wavelength).
3. It is used to weld smaller sizes spot but the spot sizes can vary from .2mm to 13
mm.
4. The depth of penetration of the LBW depends upon the amount of power supply
and location of the focal point. It is proportional the amount of power supply.
When the focal point is kept slightly below the surface of the workpiece, the
depth of penetration is maximized.
5. Pulsed or continuous laser beams are used for welding. Thin materials are weld
by using millisecond-pulses and continuous laser beams are used for deep welds.
6. It is versatile process because it is capable of welding carbon steels, stainless
steel, HSLA Steels, aluminum and titanium. Due to high cooling rate, the
problem of cracking is there when welding high-carbon steels.
7. It produces high quality weld.
8. This welding process is most popular in automotive industry.

6
 Working

 First the setup of welding machine at the desired location (in between the two
metal pieces to be joined) is done.
 After setup, a high voltage power supply is applied on the laser machine. This
starts the flash lamps of the machine and it emits light photons. The energy of
the light photon is absorbed by the atoms of ruby crystal and electrons get
excited to their higher energy level. When they return back to their ground state
(lower Energy state) they emit a photon of light. This light photon again
stimulates the excited electrons of the atom and produces two photons. This
process keeps continue and we get a concentrated laser beam.
 This high concentrated laser beam is focused to the desired location for the
welding of the multiple pieces together. Lens are used to focus the laser to the
area where welding is needed. CAM is used to control the motion of the laser
and workpiece table during the welding process.

7
 As the laser beam strikes the cavity between the two metal pieces to be joined, it
melts the base metal from both the pieces and fuses them together. After
solidification we get a strong weld.
 This is how a laser Beam Welding Works

Advantages
 It produces high weld quality.
 LBW can be easily automated with robotic machinery for large volume
production.
 No electrode is required.
 No tool wears because it is a non-contact process.
 The time taken for welding thick section is reduced.
 It is capable of welding in those areas which is not easily accessible.
 It has the ability to weld metals with dissimilar physical properties.
 It can be weld through air and no vacuum is required.
 X – Ray shielding is not required as it does not produce any X-Rays.
 It can be focused on small areas for welding. This is because of its narrower
beam of high energy.
 Wide variety of materials can be welded by using laser beam welding.
 It produces weld of aspect ratio (i.e. depth to width ratio) of 10:1.
Disadvantages
 Initial cost is high. The equipment used in LBW has high cost.
 High maintenance cost.
 Due to rapid rate of cooling, cracks may be produced in some metals.
 High skilled labour is required to operate LBW.
 The welding thickness is limited to 19 mm.
 The energy conversion efficiency in LBW is very low. It is usually below 10 %.
Application
The laser beam welding is dominant in automotive industry. It is used in the area
where large volume production is required.

8
PRESENTATION – II

(NON TECHNICAL)

LAND POLLUTION

9
 Land Pollution

Land pollution is a serious problem that impacts humans, animals, and the
earth. Without taking measures now to reduce pollution levels, permanent
changes to the land can occur. The adverse changes to the environment due to
land pollution are subtle, but the problem is much bigger than it appears.

Even though most people have a general understanding of pollution, they may
not realize the significance of land pollution. Here is a look at land pollution, its
causes, its impact, and solutions to the problem.

What Is Land Pollution?The basic definition of land pollution is the

destruction and contamination of the land through the direct and indirect actions
of humans. The pollution results in changes to the land, such as soil erosion.
Some of the changes are irreversible, while others are not. The effects of land
pollution do not necessarily appear overnight. It is the result of long-term
destruction from human activities. For instance, the damage from chemicals
from an oil spill can take months or even years to be fully realized.

10
Causes of Land Pollution

There are several known causes of land pollution. Of those, there are six factors
that contribute more than others.

1. Deforestation and soil erosion

When forests are cleared for development and to meet the demand for wood
supply, the soil is loosened in the process. Without the protection of the trees,
the land becomes barren over time and starts to erode.

2. Agricultural chemicals

Part of the farming process often involves the use of harmful pesticides and
insecticides to protect crops. However, the chemicals can cause the land to
become barren. The once-fertile soil is then more susceptible to environmental
elements, such as the wind.

3. Industrialization

The Industrial Revolution may have resulted in significant positive changes to

the economy and society, but it also led to significant pollution of the land.
Through unsafe disposal practices for chemicals used in manufacturing, poor
regulation, and the overwhelming number of industries and factories that are
polluting the land daily, industrialization has become one of the main
contributors to the pollution problem.

4. Mining

The mining process can lead to the creation of large open spaces beneath the
surface of the earth. This can result in the land caving in, which compromises

11
the integrity of the land. Mining also results in harmful chemicals, such as
uranium, being disturbed and released into the environment.

5. Landfills

The garbage found at landfills is filled with toxins that eventually seep into the
earth. During rains, the toxins are washed into other areas and the pollution is
spread. As the population grows, the amount of garbage filling landfills also
grows.

Effects of Land Pollution

The contamination of the land has far-reaching consequences that can be

catastrophic for water, soil, and animals. There are several possible
consequences of land pollution to the environment and animals, including these
top five:

1. Ground water poisoning

Depending on the soil and whether the chemicals were improperly disposed of
on the land, the chemicals could end up in the ground water. The process is
known as leaching. It can occur on farms, industrial sites, and landfills.

2. Water nutrient enrichment

Chemicals, such as nitrogen, are used frequently on farms. Only a small portion
of the nutrients end up benefitting the crops. The remainder usually ends up in
water that is populated by fish, algae, and other lifeforms. The nutrient-heavy
water saps up most of the oxygen in the water, which leaves little for fish and
other life. When this happens, the water is unable to support most lifeforms. For
more information on water polution.

12
3. Loss of topsoil

As chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used to maintain crops, the topsoil’s
composition becomes altered. The soil becomes more susceptible to harmful
fungus species and begins to erode. It is important to conserve our soil to
maximize land productivity.

Effects of Land Pollution on Humans

The impact of land pollution is not limited just to the earth and animals. Humans
can also experience negative consequences that can influence quality of life and
health.

Some of the potential consequences include birth defects, the development of

breathing disorders, skin diseases, and cancer. Most of these develop after
exposure to waste from water poisoning and soil contamination.

Land pollution has also been linked to developmental deficits in children.

Chemicals that are commonly found in contaminated soil and water, such as
lead, have can impact a child’s cognitive development even if the exposure is
very low.

Solutions to Land Pollution

There are several possible solutions to land pollution, including conservation.

Conservation focuses on preserving natural resources, such as soil and plants.
The efforts to conserve resources can start with utilizing sustainable practices.

For instance, leaving some of the trees in a forest to naturally die and decay.
This not only leaves the cover needed for the soil and other vegetation, but it

13
helps to provide the nutrients that the soil needs to remain fertile. Other
solutions include:

 Proper waste disposal that focuses on treating waste and disposing it in the
safest manner possible.
 Reusing materials to reduce the need for harvesting of resources. Products
that are not reusable can likely be recycled.
 Reducing the usage of non-biodegradable materials, such as plastic shopping
bags. The simple act of switching to a reusable cloth bag for groceries can
help cut down on the need for non-biodegradable materials.

 Organic gardening can reduce the usage of pesticides and insecticides. Non-
gardeners can help by buying organic food.

Conclusion

The negative consequences of land pollution can be greatly reduced with the
cooperation of everyone. By making a conscious effort to contribute to a safer
environment, the health and well-being of all can be protected.

14
 COVER LETTER

From

E.Rajesh

No:2/124 east street,

Arungundram,

Vellore-dist.

To

The Personal Manager,

Satyam Corp Pvt.Ltd,

Saidapet,

Chennai-18.

Respected Sir,

I had seen your job vacancy advertisement in” THE HINDU”. I am

equipped in software designing. I will design all kinds of software project. I here
by attached my resume for your view.

15
 As you will note, I am fresher but I have progressive qualifications in
designing any type of software that make similar contributions confidentially as
a member of your team and look forward to describe my background in more
detail.

I will dedicated the work with full effort and there by increase your
reputation in the international level.

Thanking you,

Yours Sincerely,

[E.Rajesh]

16
 RESUME

E.Rajesh,

No:2/124 east street,

Arungundram,

Vellore-dist.

6374626077

_____rajraja2111999@gmail.com_____________________________________
______________________Objectives

To obtain position where I can maximize my multilayer of

management skills, Quality assurance, Program development, Training
experience, Customer service.

17
Educational Qualification

Name of Degree/ Board/ Year of Percentage/class

Institute Examination University passing

Shri Anna
sitheswarar BE University 2020 60%
Engineering
college

Government HSC State board 2016 80%

higher
secondary
school

Government SSLC State board 2014 72%

higher
secondary
school

Computer skills:

Operating system : Windows 2000,UNIX

18
 Languages known : C,C++,VISUAL BASIC,JAVA

Technical Skills:

Participated in Embedded system seminar held at

RanipettaiEngineering College.

Soft Skills:

Good analytical skills, Ability to solve the problem, Ability to work

as a team, Good communication skills.

Industrial Visits:

Under gone an industrial visit at NTTF, Bangalore-2007.

Under gone an industrial visit at ALL INDIA RADIO STATION,

coimbatore-2007.

Honors & Awards:

 Best student Award

 NSS volunteer
 Active Blood Donor
 Won First Prize in High Jump in District level
Declaration

19
 I am here by confirm that the information given above is true to best
of my knowledge.

(E.Rajesh)

ENGLISH IS A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE

English is now used almost exclusively as the language of

science. The adoption of a de facto universal language of science has had
an extraordinary effect on scientific communication: by learning a single
language, scientists around the world gain access to the vast scientific
literature and can communicate with other scientists any-
where in the world. However, the use of English as the universal
scientific language creates distinct challenges for those who are not native
speakers of English. In this editorial, we discuss how researchers,
manuscript reviewers, and journal editors can help minimize these
challenges, thereby leveling the playing field and fostering international
scientific communication.
It is estimated that less than 15% of the world’s population speaks
English, with just 5% being native speakers . This extraordinary imbalance
emphasizes
the importance of recognizing and alleviating the difficulties faced
by nonnative speakers of English if we are to have a truly global

20
 community of scientists. For scientists whose first language is not
English, writing manuscripts and grants, preparing oral presentations, and
communicating directly with other scientists in English is much more
challenging than it is for native speakers of English. Communicating
subtle nuances, which can be done easily in one’s native tongue, becomes
difficult or impossible. A common com-plaint of nonnative speakers of
English is that manuscript reviewers often focus on criticizing their
English, rather than looking beyond the language to evaluate the scientific
results and logic of a manuscript. This makes it difficult for their
manuscripts to get a fairreviewand, ultimately, to be accepted for
publication.
We believe that the communications advantage realized by native
speakers of English obligates them to acknowledge and to help
alleviate the extra challenges faced by their fellow scientistsfromnon-
English-speaking countries. Native speakers of English should offer
understanding, patience, and assistance when reviewing or editing
manuscripts of nonnative speakers of English. At the same time,
nonnative speakers of English must endeavor to produce manuscripts
that are clearly written. We offer the following guide-
lines for writing and evaluating manuscripts in the context of the
international community of scientists:

Nonnative speakers of English can write effective manuscripts,

despite errors of grammar, syntax, and usage, if the manuscripts

are clear, simple, logical, and concise. (We note that native
speakers of English sometimes write manuscripts exhibiting good

21
grammar, yet filled with muddled and confusing logic.)
2. When possible, reviewers and editors of manuscripts should look
beyond errors in grammar, syntax, and usage, and evaluate the science.
3. It is inappropriate to reject or harshly criticize manuscripts from non native
speakers of English based on errors of grammar, syntax or usage alone. If
there are language errors, reviewers and editors should provide constructive
criticism, pointing out examples of passages that are unclear and suggesting
improvements. Reviewed and editors may also suggest that authors seek the
assistance of expert English speakers or professional editing
services in preparing revised versions of manuscripts. And finally, all involved
shouldbear in mind that most journals employ copy editors, whose job it is to
correct any lingering errors in grammar, syntay, and usage before final
publications of an article.
4. Nonnative speakers of English must be aware that reviewers,

editors, and journal staff do not have the time or resources to extensively edit
manuscripts for language and that reviewers and editors must be able to
understand what is being reported. Thus, it is essential that nonnative speakers
of English recognize that their ability to participate in the international scientific
enterprise is directly related to their ability to produce manuscripts in English
that are clear, simple, logical, and concise.

The fact that English is the de facto global language of science is

not likely to change anytime soon. Optimizing communication

among members of the international community of scientists, and

22
thus advancing scientific progress, depends on elimination of obstacles faced by
nonnative speakers of the English language. This

ideal can best be achieved when all members of the scientific com-

munity work together.

PSYCHOMETRIC TEST

According to british psychological society psychometric test is a

procedure on the basis of which inferences are made concerning a person capacity,
propensity or liability to act, react, experience, or to structure or order thought or
behaviour in particular ways. It is a standardised measurement of sensitivity,
memory, intelligence, aptitude and personality. It assesses and evaluates
information that employees give to the examiner.

Smith and Robertson defines psychological test as “A carefully chosen,

systematic and standardised procedure for evolving a sample of responses from
candidates which can be used to asses one or more of their psychological
characterstics with those of a representative sample of an appropriate population”.
This can also be used to measure the individual differences. Psychological tests
generally mean measurement of mental status. It provides an objective means of

23
measuring abilities and characterstics of an individual and greater understanding
of an individual to predict the extent of success in a particular job

Types of psychometric test

Psychometric tests may measure aptitude, personality, and interests:

 Aptitude tests – aptitude or ability tests assesses the logical reasoning or

thinking performance. These types of tests helps to rate the potential of a
candidate to learn new tasks and skills used in various jobs. They measure
how people differ in their ability to perform or carry out different tasks.
 Interest tests – these measure how people vary in their motivation, in the
direction and strength of their interests, and in their values and opinion(
these are less likely to be used on new graduates but are sometimes)
 Personality tests – personality tests measure the personal attributes of a
candidates which are suitable for a particular work, they measure different
styles of people in interacting with other people. Personality test
assessbehaviours, attitudes, opinions of an individual.

Why are test used?

If psychometric tests are to be useful as indicators of shifts in the demands

for skills, then it is important that organisations use of tests is linked to their
wish to measure the skills of prospective employees. If tests are in use for other
reasons, then this would undermine their usefulness as indicators of skill
demands. Do organisations in the UK make use of tests in order to measure
work force skills, or have they adopted tests for some other reasons, or set of
reasons? Here we look at the rather limited evidence available on this question.

24
 There are few surveys which have asked organisations why they make use of
tests, and there is a more speculative literature dealing with change in test use
over time. We take each of these in turn.

The places using pscychometric tests:

In recent years, it widely used in all number of firms. Not only the large,
medium but also an increasing number of small firms have started using
psychometric tests. Over 70% of larger companies are currently using
psychometric tests to gather vital information from potential and current
employees. More and more companies are using psychometric tests for:

 Graduate recruitment
 Filtering out candidates when there are large numbers of applicants

Over 70% of large companies use them in their recruitment process and small
companies are using them increasingly.

They are also used to assess existing employees for:

 Training and staff developments needs promotion

uses of psychometric test

Selection of candidates to jobs, personal development of training need

staffs development, careers guidance, building and developing teams

Psychometric tests have been used since the early part of the 20 th century
and were originally developed for use in educational psychology. These days
outside of educations, you are most likely to encounter psychometric testing

25
 as part of the recruitment or selection process. Tests of the sort are devised by
occupational psychologists and their aim is to provide employers with a
reliable method of selecting the most suitable job applicants or candidates for
promotion.

Most of the established psychometric tests used in recruitment and selection

make no attempt to analyse your emotional or psychological stability and
should not be confused with tests used in clinical psychology. However, in
recent years there has been rapid growth of tests that claim to measure your
integrity or honesty and your predisposition to anger. These tests have attracted
a lot of controversy, because of questions about their validity, but their
popularity with employers has continued to increase.

Psychometric testing is now used by over 80% of the fortune 500 companies
in the USA and by over 75% of times top 100 companies in the UK.

Information technology companies, financial institutions, management

consultancies, local authorities, the civil service, police force, fire services and
the armed forces all make extensive use of use psychometric testing.

As an indicator of your personality, preferences and abilities, psychometric

test help prospective employers to find the best match of individual to
occupation and working environment.

conclusion:

Psychometric tests aim to measure attributes like intelligence, aptitude and

personality. They provide a potential employer with an insight into how well you

26
work with other people, how well you handle stress, and whether you will be able
to cope with the intellect the demands of job.

STRESS MANAGEMENT

Managing stress is all about taking charge: taking charge of your

thoughts, your emotions, your schedule, your environment, and the way you
deal with problems. The ultimate goal is a balanced life, with time for work,
relationships, relaxation, and fun - plus the resilience to hold up under pressure
and meet challenges head onRecognize the causes of stress in your life

Stress management starts with identifying the sources of stress in your

life. This isn’t as easy as it sounds. Your true sources of stress aren’t always
obvious, and it’s all too easy to overlook your own stress-inducing thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors. Sure, you may know that you’re constantly worried
about school deadlines. But maybe it’s your procrastination, rather than the
actual assignment demands, that leads to deadline stress.

27
To identify your true sources of stress, look closely at your habits, attitude, and
excuses:

Until you accept responsibility for the role you play in creating or maintaining it,
your stress level will remain outside your control

Look at how you currently cope with stress

Think about the ways you currently manage and cope with stress in your life.
Your stress journal can help you identify them. Are your coping strategies
healthy or unhealthy, helpful or unproductive? Unfortunately, many people cope
with stress in ways that complex the problem.

Unhealthy ways of coping stress:

These coping strategies may temporarily reduce stress, but they cause more
damage in the long run:

• Smoking

• Drinking too much

• Overeating or under eating

• Zoning out for hours in front of the TV or computer

• Withdrawing from friends, family, and activitie

Learning healthier ways to manage stress

28
• Using pills or drugs to relax

• Sleeping too much

• Procrastinating

• Filling up every minute of the day to avoid facing problems

• Taking out your stress on others (lashing out, angry outbursts, physical
violence)

If your methods of coping with stress aren’t contributing to your greater

emotional and physical health, it’s time to find healthier Since everyone has a
unique response to stress, there is no “one size fits all” solution tomanaging it.
No single method works for everyone or in every situation, so experiment with
different techniques and strategies. Focus on what makes you feel calm and in
controlones. There are many healthy ways to manage and cope withSince
everyone has a unique response to stress, there is no “one size fits all” solution
to

Implement to healthy lifestyle:

You can increase your resistance to stress by strengthening your physical health.

Exercise regularly. Physical activity plays a key role in reducing and preventing
the effects of stress. Make time for at least 30 minutes of exercise, three times
per week. Nothing beats aerobic exercise for releasing pent-up stress and
tension.

Eat a healthy diet. Well-nourished bodies are better prepared to cope with
stress, so be mindful of what you eat. Start your day right with breakfast, and

29
keep your energy up and your mind clear with balanced, nutritious meals
throughout the day. Reduce caffeine and sugar. The temporary "highs" caffeine
and sugar provide often end with a crash in mood and energy. By reducing the
amount of coffee, soft drinks, chocolate, and sugar snacks in your diet, you’ll
feel more relaxed and you’ll sleep better.

Avoid alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs. Self-medicating with alcohol or drugs may
provide an easy escape from stress, but the relief is only temporary. Don’t avoid
or mask the issue at hand͖ deal with problems head on and with a clear mind.

Get enough sleep. Adequate sleep fuels your mind, as well as your body. Try to
get between 6 and 8 hours a night. Feeling tired will increase your stress because
it may cause you to think irrationally.

MY FAVOURITE PERSON (Usain Bolt)

Usain Bolt is my idol, source of inspiration and role model. He is also a role
model to millions of people from around the world! I’m not a Jamaican. Yet, his
attitude, performances and jovial nature made me his fan!

He is a true champion. The records he set speaks volumes about his caliber and
dominance on the track! Fans lovingly call him ‘lightning bolt’. His
performances on the track certainly justify this title! He is regarded by many as
the greatest sprinter of all time.

He holds World Records in 100m, 200, and 4x100m relay events. I call him the
king of sprints! At his peak, he dominated the 100m, 200m and relay events. He
was so good that nobody came close to him while finishing the race!

Bolt was born on 21 August, 1986 in Sherwood, Jamaica. As a child, Usain

enjoyed playing cricket and football. He still professes his love for these
games!He used to perform well in sprint events in school meets. It gradually

30
became evident that little Bolt possessed good sprinting potential.While in high
school, he used to focus mostly on cricket. He enjoyed the game and loved
playing it. It was his cricket coach who suggested him to try athletics. Usain
decided to give it a try. And the rest, as they say, is history!

Usain performed exceptionally well at sprint competitions held at high school

level. He impressed his coach as well as spectators with his blazing speed and
strength. He still had to polish his technique and discipline though.

He grabbed International attention with his performance in World Junior

Championship, 2002. It was his breakthrough year. He announced his arrival at
a big stage!Once he turned pro, his attitude towards the game changed! He
became very disciplined. This helped him achieve the level of greatness that we
know him for!

His performances in Olympics is what we remember about him the most. He set
the track on fire in 2008 Summer Olympics. In his impressive career, he took
part in three Olympics – Beijing, London and Rio de Janeiro.

Collectively, he has won eight Olympic Gold medals. Apart from that, he has
won 11 World Championships (Gold). His impressive medal collection is a
source of inspiration for budding athletes.

Young athletes look up to his as a role model. Hard work, perseverance,

dedication and friendly attitude – these are the things I love in him.

Despite his retirement, the images of Bolt sprinting down the track will stay
alive in my memory for years to come! He truly is a champion and my role
model!

31
 GRE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

1. _____ and discipline are the basic necessities of an Organised society.

(A) Peace
(B) Harmony
(C) Prosperity
(D) Progress
(E) Hierarchy
(F) Concord

 A. A and B
 B. B and F
 C. D and F
 D. C and D

32
  E.A and D

ANSWER:B

2. With the increase in human activities, there has been _____ use of natural
resources thereby causing disharmony between human beings and the natural
environment.
(A) Planned
(B) Reckless
(C) Excessive
(D) Careful
(E) Sustained
(F) Avaricious

 A. C and F
 B. B and C
 C. A and D
 D. B and F
 E. D and E

ANSWER: B

3. The city is a unique blend of tradition and _____ because it still retains its old
world charm despite rapid urbanisation.
(A) History
(B) Progress
(C) Modernity

33
(D) Retrogression
(E) Liberalism

 A. A and F
 B. A and B
 C. C and E
 D. D and F
 E. D and E

ANSWER: C

4. The island looks very _____ because there are hardly any inhabitants
dwelling in it.
(A) Parlous
(B) Perilous
(C) Commodious
(D) Picturesque
(E) Deserted
(F) Desolate

 A. A and B
 B. B and D
 C. C and D
 D. C and F

34
  E. E and F

ANSWER: E

5. One must not be _____ by failure because it is often said that failure is the
stepping stone to success.
(A) Influenced
(B) Hapless
(C) Affronted
(D) Disheartened
(E) Discouraged
(F) Inspired

 A. A and E
 B. A and B
 C. B and C
 D. D and E
 E. A and F

ANSWER: D

6. Leadership is the ability to secure desirable actions from a group of followers

voluntarily without the use of _____.
(A) Coercion
(B) Blandishments
(C) Discipline
(D) Deception

35
(E) Punishment
(F) Cajolery

 A. A and F
 B. B and C
 C. B and D
 D. B and C
 E. D and E

ANSWER: A

7. Pollutants present in the environment are said to have a _____ effect on

human health and are responsible for causing many diseases.
(A) Deleterious
(B) Salubrious
(C) Detrimental
(D) Soporific
(E) Seminal
(F) Somnolent

 A. B and D
 B. D and F
 C. A and B
 D. D and E
 E. B and D

ANSWER: C

36
8. Despite _____ laws, poaching of wild animals is still carried out clandestinely
in some parts of the country.
(A) legal
(B) Penal
(C) Stringent
(D) Binding
(E) Dimunitive
(F) Violable

 A. A and B
 B. B and E
 C. C and D
 D. D and B
 E. C and F

ANSWER: C

9. What leads to peace is not violence but peace ableness, which is not _____,
but an alert, informed, practiced and active state of being.
(A) Passivity
(B) Lethargy
(C) Sensitivity
(D) Ignorance
(E) Obedience
(F) Enlightenment

 A. A and B

37
  B. A and D
 C. B and E
 D. C and F
 E. D and F

ANSWER: A

10. _____ and remote in the Bay of Bengal, the Andaman and Nicobar islands is
a paradise, once inhabited only by little-known tribes.
(A) Secluded
(B) Impossible
(C) Encroached
(D) Isolated
(E) Scattered
(F) Abandoned

 A. B and C
 B. D and E
 C. C and E
 D. A and D
 E. A and B

ANSWER: D

11. For most _____ plants and animals, there is no way back from a place on the
list of endangered species.
(A) exotic
(B) Threatened

38
(B) Imperiled
(D) Extant
(E) wild
(F) Extinct

 A. A and B
 B. B and C
 C. A and D
 D. B and F
 E. E and F

ANSWER: B

12. All citizens of the world must show respect to the constitution, and must not
view the law and order machinery with _____.

(A) Reverence
(B) Contempt
(C) Sincerity
(D) Disdain
(E) Allegiance
(F) Dignity

 A. A and B
 B. C and E
 C. C and F
 D. B and D
 E. E and D

39
ANSWER:D

13. Pulsating with power and _____ an image of Lord Surya is believed to
dispel darkness and is usually worn as an amulet strung from a gold chain.
(A) Pelf
(B) Radiance
(C) Resplendence
(D) Prestige
(E) Enlightenment
(F) Wisdom

 A. A and F
 B. B and C
 C. D and E
 D. B and D
 E. A and B

ANSWER: B

4. Social entrepreneurs are committed individuals who have a dedicated streak

that does not allow them to get _____ from their chosen mission.
(A) Obsessed
(B) Divested
(C) Digressed
(D) Diverted
(E) Focused
(F) Obviated

40
  A. A and E
 B. B and F
 C. C and A
 D. C and D
 E. A and F

ANSWER: D

15. It is a _____ that while almost every religion stands for and preaches the
universal brotherhood of man, religion has been a constant source of conflict in
human history.
(A) Dilemma
(B) Paradox
(C) Coincidence
(D) Ambiguity
(E) Contiguity
(F) Irony

 A. A and D
 B. B and F
 C. A and B
 D. C and E
 E. B and D

ANSWER: B

16. Money and power can bring _____ happiness but at the same time they also
bring in an equal amount of misery.

41
(A) Spiritual
(B) Mental
(C) Material
(D) Worldly
(E) Psychological
(F) Emotional

 A. A and B
 B. E and F
 C. C and D
 D. D and E
 E. A and C

ANSWER: C

17. The _____ utilization of human resources can not only help in economic
development but can also help in reducing the rate of unemployment.
(A) Drastic
(B) Effective
(C) Minimal
(D) Optimal
(E) Nominal
(F) Voracious

 A. A and F
 B. B and D
 C. D and F

42
  D. B and C
 E. D and E

ANSWER: B

18. Plural and open demo cracles are the targets of the scourge of terrorism that
strikes at the very root of _____, the mainstay of civil society in a free world.
(A) Injustice
(B) Dishonesty
(C) Tolerance
(D) Violence
(E) Acceptance
(F) Treachery

 A. A and B
 B. D and F
 C. C and E
 D. B and C
 E. C and D

ANSWER: C

19. Those who champion the cause of women seek to _____ their rights and
power.
(A) Demand
(B) Establish
(C) Uphold
(D) Assert

43
(E) Transform
(F) Transcend

 A. E and F
 B. A and B
 C. B and C
 D. C and D
 E. D and E

ANSWER: D

20. The Federation of Andhra Pradesh Industries has expressed concern at the
_____ financial situation and has threatened to launch an agitation if the
government does not extend concessions.
(A) Exacerbating
(B) Deteriorating
(C) Rising
(D) Diminishing
(E) Receding
(F) Escalating

 A. A and E
 B. A and B
 C. C and D
 D. C and E
 E. C and F

ANSWER: B

44
21. Despite wide campaigning for their _____ and several advances, a large
majority of women remain voiceless and powerless.
(A) Empowerment
(B) Remonstration
(C) Education
(D) Emancipation
(E) Security
(F) Edification

 A. A and F
 B. B and F
 C. C and D
 D. A and D
 E. C and E

ANSWER: D

22. Tolerance is _____ for peaceful relations among the members of a society.
(A) Egalitarian
(B) Indispensable
(C) Redundant
(D) Imperative
(E) Phenomenal
(F) Apparent

 A. A and B
 B. B and D

45
  C. B and C
 D. E and F
 E. C and E

ANSWER: B

23. The easiest and most efficient way to encourage or secure _____ with
international norms is through voluntary, not coercive means.
(A) Conformity
(B) Judiciousness
(C) Discipline
(D) Compliance
(E) Ingenuity
(F) Correspondence

 A. A and D
 B. B and C
 C. B and E
 D. A and F
 E. E and F

ANSWER: A

24. A person who remains courageous even during times of _____ will
ultimately emerge successful.

(A) Grief

46
(B) Adversity
(C) Destruction
(D) Horror
(E) Suffering
(F) Cheer

 A. A and B
 B. B and E
 C. A and E
 D. C and D
 E. A and D

ANSWER: B

25. The natural beauty of the _____ location and its lush vegetation and wildlife
have been a rich source opportune of inspiration for artists and naturalists.

(A) Chaotic
(B) Scenic
(C) Picturesque
(D) Rustic
(E) Opulent
(F) Terrestrial

 A. A and D
 B. D and E
 C. B and C
 D. E and F

47
  E. A and B

ANSWER: C

QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER

1.Continuing Fight Between Parties, Families, Clans, Etc.

A.Enmity
B. Feud
C. Quarrel
D.Skirmish
ANSWER: B

2.A Building For Storing Threshed Grain

A.Hangar
B. Dockyard
C. Store
D.Granary
ANSWER: D

3. Policeman Riding On Motorcycles As Guards To A VIP

A.Outriders
B. Servants
C. Commandos
D.Attendants
ANSWER: A

4. One Who Is Determined To Exact Full Vengeance For Wrongs Done To Him

48
A.Virulent
B. Vindictive
C. Usurer
D.Vindicator
ANSWER: B

5. Murder Of A King
A.Infanticide
B. Matricide
C. Genocide
D.Regicide
ANWER: D

5. An Expression Of Mild Disapproval

A.Warning
B. Denigration
C. Impertinence
D.Reproof
ANSWER: D

70. One Absorbed In His Own Thoughts And Feelings Rather Than In Things
Outside
A.Scholar
B. Recluse
C. Introvert
D.Intellectual
ANSWER: C

49
6. One Who Dabbles In Fine Arts For The Love Of It And Not For Monetary
Gains
A.Connoisseur
B. Amateur
C. Professional
D.Dilettante
ANSWER: B

7. A School Boy Who Cuts Classes Frequently Is A

A.Defeatist
B. Sycophant
C. Truant
D.Martinet
ANSWER: C

8. Ready To Believe
A.Credulous
B. Credible
C. Creditable
D.Incredible
ANSWER: A

9.. Medical Study Of Skin And Its Diseases

A.Dermatology
B. Endocrinology
C. Gyneacology
D.Orthopaedics

50
ANSWER: A

10. A Person Who Tries To Deceive People By Claiming To Be Able To Do

Wonderful Things
A.Trickster
B. Imposter
C. Magician
D.Mountebank
ANSWER: A

11. A Dramatic Performance

A.Mask
B. Mosque
C. Masque
D.Mascot
ANSWER: C

12. One Who Does Not Marry, Especially As A Religious Obligation

A.Bachelor
B. Celibate
C. Virgin
D.Recluse
ANSWER: B

13. That Which Is Perceptible By Touch Is

A.Contagious
B. Contingent
C. Tenacious

51
 D.Tangible
ANSWER: D

14. Very Pleasing To Eat

A.Appetising
B. Palatable
C. Tantalising
D.Sumptuous
ANSWER: B

15. The Part Of Government Which Is Concerned With Making Of Rules

A.Court
B. Tribunal
C. Bar
D.Legislature
ANSWER: D

16. One Who Believes That All Things And Events In Life Are Predetermined
Is A
A.Fatalist
B. Puritan
C. Egoist
D.Tyrant
ANSWER: A

17. Something That Relates To Everyone In The World

A.General
B. Common

52
 C. Usual
D.Universal
ANSWER: D

18. To Walk With Slow Or Regular Steps Is To

A.Limp
B. Stride
C. Pace
D.Advance
ANSWER: C

19. A Style Full Of Words

A.Verbose

B. Pedantic

C. Rhetorical
D.Abundant
ANSWER: A

20. To Issue A Thunderous Verbal Attack

A. Langiush

B. Animate

C. Fulnimate

D. Invigorate

Answer: C

53
21. One Who Is Honourably Discharged From

A. Retired

B. Emertius

C. Relieved

D. Emanicipated

Answer: B

22. Present Opposing Arguments Or Evidence

A. Criticise

B. Rebuff

C. Reprimand

D. Rebut

Answer: D

23. The Policy Of Extending A Country’s Empire

A. Communism

B. Internationlism

C. Capitalism

D. Imperialism

Answer: D

54
24. Of Outstanding Significance

A. Monumental

B. Rational

C. Ominous

D. Evident

Answer: A

25. A Fixed Orbit in Space In Relation To Earth

A. Geological

B. Geo-Synchronous

C. Geo- Centric

D. Geo- Stationary

Answer: D

55
 ONLINE TEST

Section I : Listening Comprehension

Part 1: Gap filling

Instruction: Listen to the passage and type the correct word in the blanks.

Q 1.Children’s mind is like potter's clay. It has to be shaped in a right manner. A

child normally has to enjoy its days with its parents, teachers, friends,

etc. It is the age where fine and long lasting gather in child's mind.

Childhood is the best time to develop spiritual, intellectual, support. But

this rule of nature has been crippled by the perilous child labour.

Every child has his right to enjoy his childhood. But inspite of this a few

children are put to work throughout the world about 250million children
are child labourers. Due to poverty poor parents put their children to work in

order to the family's economic status.

This conceals the talent and interests in them. Their urge to go to school

56
is by their parents. This makes the nation lose a few minds. The
children are deprived of education. They are made to work

under conditions. They are overworked and underpaid children are made

to shine shoes on footpaths, they work as milk boys, , house maids, and
cleaners in hotels....etc.

We can find children selling newspapers on highways. All such adverse

practices are to be abolished once for all, without leaving its traces for

future .

Correct Answer:

Childhood~impressions~emotional~forcefully~supplement~dismissed~creative
~

Threatening~ragpickers~generations

Part 2: True/False

Instruction: Listen to the passage and indicate whether the given statement is
True or

False by clicking on the appropriate option.

57
Q 2. Walt Disney are not environmentally aware and do nothing for nature.

True

False

Correct Answer : 2

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q 3. Minnie Mouse has more clothes than Mickey Mouse.

True

False

Correct Answer : 2

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q 4. The Christmas trees at Disney this year will be white.

True

False

Correct Answer : 2

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

58
Q 5. It is common for people to lose their belongings while on holiday at
Disney.

True

False

Correct Answer : 1

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q 6. The Grand Floridian Resort and Spa employs a full time cellist.

True

False

Correct Answer : 2

Q 7. For boosting launches, solid-fuel SRBs are less advantageous over liquid-
fuel rockets.

True

False

Correct Answer : 2

59
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
Q 8. Solid rocket motors have a greater handling risk on the ground.

True

False

Correct Answer : 1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
Q 9. SRB failure rates are very high.

True

False

Correct Answer : 2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------
Q 10. Before a normal burn out, it is very easy to stop a solid rocket motor.

True

False

Correct Answer : 2

60
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
Q 11. Thrust is terminated by reducing combustion chamber pressure and
propellant burn rate.

True

False

Correct Answer : 1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Part 3: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Listen to the passage and answer the question/s by clicking on the
appropriate option.

Q 12. The author has compared India with all the following except-

Greece

Rome

Babylon

Egypt

Correct Answer : 4

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

61
Q 13. In what respect is India implied to be superior to all other nations and
empire

Material development

Cultural advancement

Military strength

Territorial expansion

Correct Answer : 2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------

Q 14. What, according to J. B. Pratt, is the secret of the longevity and

imperishability of Indian culture ?

It has its origin in the remote past

It issues from the minds and hearts of its sages

It is self-perpetuating and self-renewing

It is founded on religion

62
 Correct Answer : 3

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------

Q 15. Which of the following has not been mentioned as a particular period of
Indian culture ?

The Vedic age

The age of Upanishads

The age of the Mahabharata

The British period

Correct Answer : 4

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----

Q 16. What changes has the spirit of Indian culture undergone during its long
history right from the vedic age down to the present times ?

The precedence of moral values was eclipsed at certain periods of time

Materialism was the hall-mark of Indian culture during certain periods of

time

During certain periods military development was the be-all and end-all of
Indian culture

63
 The spirit of Indian culture has practically been the same from the ancient
times down to the present

Correct Answer : 4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
Q 17. What according to the author has always characterised the Hindu religion
?

Development

Stagnation

Sometimes development and sometimes stagnation

Lack of moral values

Correct Answer : 1

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
Q 18. Which other religion has been mentioned in the passage as self-
developing and self-renewing as Hindu religion ?

Christianity

Islam

Buddhism

none
Correct Answer : 4

64
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
Q 19. "Could not last more than the footprints of a camel on the shifting sands
of the desert." What does it mean ?

It lost itself in deserts

It was transient

It lacked solidity

It was limited only to desert areas

Correct Answer : 2

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------

Q 20. What is the characteristic quality of the basic principles of Indian culture
?

They are static

They derive their strength from thegenius of the people

They can be adapted almost to any environment of development

They believe in the purity of Indian culture

Correct Answer : 3

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------

65
Q 21. Which of the following may be the best title of the passage ?

Unity of Indian Culture

Indian Civilization and Culture

Indian Religion and Civilization

Characteristics of Indian Culture

Correct Answer : 4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

Section II : Reading Comprehension

Part 4: Gap filling -Choose 10 correct words out of 15 words

Instruction: Fill in the blanks using the list of words given below.

Q 22. Civil liberties campaigners have reacted angrily to the announcement that
the largest police force in Britain has purchased a revolutionary computer
system which will allow them to track everything a person does online in a

three-dimensional graphic. The Metropolitan Police service, for policing

66
London, announced the purchase of Geotime, a computer program which can
correlate information from satellites, mobile phones, social networking websites,
IP logs and financial transactions. The software is already used by the U.S.
military.

Lawyers and campaigners have questioned whether innocent individuals may be

tracked by the software, likened to a computer program in the science fiction
film Minority Report. Sarah McSherry, a lawyer representing a number of

protesters, fears that officers could breach data protection laws by

tracking innocent protesters, endangering the democratic rights of

demonstrators. "We have already seen the of a number of tactics which

infringe the right to peaceful protest, privacy and freedom of expression,

assembly and movement. All of these have a effect on participation in

peaceful protest," she said. "This latest tool could also be used in a wholly
invasive way and could fly in the face of the role of the police to facilitate rather

than the activities of democratic protesters."

Geotime correlates information from numerous sources allowing intelligence

officers to view effectively every online move made by individuals, and its
website says it can link one suspect to others. The computer software can
reportedly create links between people and reveal relationships and private

communications, "temporal patterns and behaviours." A product director

at the parent company, Oculus, said the program is available to purchase
commercially.

67
A number of academics and intelligence experts have said the program could

lead to more in terrorism and organised crime investigations, with one

professor describing its use as "absolutely right." In contrast, an official at
Privacy International called on police to explain how the software would be
used. "Once millions and millions of pieces of microdata are aggregated, you
end up with this very high-resolution picture of somebody, and this is effectively

what they are doing here," he said. "We shouldn't be tracked and andhave
pictures built by our own government and police for the benefit of commercial
gain."

Data protection in Britain has become a major issue among public debate in

recent years. The most recent to emerge came last week after an elderly
man with no criminal record was given permission to take senior officers who
systematically recorded details of his attendance at peaceful protests to the High
Court.

1.traced 2.rosen 3.controversy 4.usage 5.chilling

6.disclosing 7.control 8.respect 9.infringe 10.impede

11.attribution 12.raised 13.responsible 14.utilisation 15.respond

Correct Answer : 13~12~14~5~10~6~11~1~3

68
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------

Part 5: Sequencing of Jumbled Sentences (This part carries 5 Marks)

Instruction: Arrange the following sentences in correct sequence (This question
carries 5 mark)

Q 23.

 When you have to study for examination, you have many things to do.
 Suppose you have only two months to do it then the best way is to make a
time-table for yourself.
 The final aim, of course, is to pass the examination that is two months
away.
 You have to read a number of books, learn tables and formulas.

 The time-table tells you what you have to do every day and for how many
hours

Correct Answer :1~3~5~2~4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------

Part 6: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Read the Passage Carefully and Answer the Questions

69
 Land based gas turbines are of two types: (1) heavy frame engines and (2)
aeroderivative engines. Heavy frame engines are characterized by lower
pressure ratios (typically below 20) and tend to be physically large. Pressure
ratio is the ratio of the compressor discharge pressure and the inlet air pressure.
Aeroderivative engines are derived from jet engines, as the name implies, and
operate at very high compression ratios (typically in excess of 30).
Aeroderivative engines tend to be very compact and are useful where smaller
power outputs are needed. As large frame turbines have higher power outputs,
they can produce larger amounts of emissions, and must be designed to achieve
low emissions of pollutants, such as NOx.
One key to a turbine's fuel-to-power efficiency is the temperature at which
it operates. Higher temperatures generally mean higher efficiencies, which in
turn, can lead to more economical operation. Gas flowing through a typical
power plant turbine can be as hot as 2300 degrees F, but some of the critical
metals in the turbine can withstand temperatures only as hot as 1500 to 1700
degrees F. Therefore, air from the compressor might be used for cooling key
turbine components, reducing ultimate thermal efficiency.
One of the major achievements of the Department of Energy's advanced turbine
program was to break through previous limitations on turbine temperatures,
using a combination of innovative cooling technologies and advanced materials.
The advanced turbines that emerged from the Department's research program
were able to boost turbine inlet temperatures to as high as 2600 degrees F -
nearly 300 degrees hotter than in previous turbines, and achieve efficiency as
high as 60 percent.

70
 Another way to boost efficiency is to install a recuperator or heat recovery
steam generator (HRSG) to recover energy from the turbine's exhaust. A
recuperator captures waste heat in the turbine exhaust system to preheat the
compressor discharge air before it enters the combustion chamber. A HRSG
generates steam by capturing heat from the turbine exhaust. These boilers are
also known as heat recovery steam generators. High-pressure steam from these
boilers can be used to generate additional electric power with steam turbines, a
configuration called a combined cycle.

Q 24. According to the passage, what does higher temperatures

generally mean?

Higher temperatures mean inefficiency.

Higher temperatures generate higher electrical power.

Higher temperatures mean higher pressures.

Higher temperatures mean higher efficiency.

Correct Answer : 4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------

Q 25. According to the passage, how did the Department of Energy break
through previous limitations on turbine temperatures?

It used a combination of innovative cooling technologies.

It used advanced materials.

71
 Both A and B.

It depended on modern alternatives.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------

Correct Answer : 3

Q 26. How does the air from the compressor help in cooling key turbine
components?

It enhances thermal efficiency.

It reduces thermal efficiency.

It increases the cooling capacity of the turbine.

It increases the heating capacity.

Correct Answer : 2

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
Q 27. What is another way to boost efficiency mentioned in the passage?

Allowing gas to flow through a typical power plant.

Preventing excessive heat from going out.

Using high pressure steam.

None of the above.

Correct Answer :1

72
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
Q 28. According to the passage, what is the pressure ratio?

It is the ratio of the pressure.

It is the ratio of the compressor discharge pressure and inlet air pressure.

Itis the ratio of the pressure to the compressor discharge.

None of the above.

Correct Answer : 2

Instruction: Read the Passage Carefully and Answer the Questions

The reformer must know that what moves people in the authentic life, not mere
writing. The newspapers and journals that LokmanyaTilak and Gandhijiran, the
books they wrote, sold title, but had enormous effect. Their writing was known
to reflect, or be just extension of, their exemplary lives. It was the authenticity of
their lives which lent weight to their message, to their example. All knew that
their lives were an integral whole – they were not morale in public life and lax in
private, not vice-versa: they were not full of pious thought and secret resolutions
within the walls of a temple and cheats outside.

A writer who is merely entertaining his readers, even one who is merely
informing them, can do what he wants with the rest of his life. But the writer
who sets out to use his pen to reform public life cannot afford such dualities.

73
Here is a testimony of one great man – Gandhiji – about the influence of
another, LokmanyaTilak: “I believe that an editor who has anything worth
saying and who commands a clientele cannot be easily hushed. He has delivered
his finished message as soon as he is put under duress. The Lokmanya spoke
more eloquently from the Malaya fortress than through the columns of the
printed Kesari. His influence was multiplied thousand fold by his imprisonment
and his speech and pen had acquired much greater power after he was
discharged than before his imprisonment. Tilak`s exemplary life inspired many
people who vowed to do their best to fulfill his life’s dream. He could not
possibly have done more if he were today in flesh preaching his views. Critics
like me would perhaps be still finding fault with his expression of this or that.
Today his message rules millions of hearts which are determined to raise
permanent living memorial by the fulfillment of his ambition in their
lives.”lives.”

Q 29. In the context of the passage, a reformer becomes effective if:

He is a journalist with an objective viewpoint

He is an author with an excellent style of writing

He is an effective political leader of the masses

He is a person with consistency in his writing and life style

Correct Answer : 4

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Q 30. In the context of the passage which of the following statements about
LokmanyaTilak and Mahatma Gandhiji is true?

They were moral in private life but lax in public life

Their influence on people was negligible

Very few people used to read the newspapers edited by them

Their influence was multiplied a thousand fold by their imprisonment

Correct Answer : 4

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Q 31. Which of the following is the result of LokmanyaTilak’s exemplary life?

The newspaper edited by him did not incur monetary loss

The books written by him were useful

People resolved to fulfill his life’s dream

He was put in jail at Mandalay

Correct Answer : 3

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Q 32. Which of the following is the general tendency of critics according to the
passage?

To find fault with one or the other expression of a writer

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 To praise only those writers whom they like

To condemn one and all the reformers writers

To suggest new ideas to the public

Correct Answer : 1

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Q 33. Which of the following types of writers can be moral in their personal life
and lax in public life?

Those who want to reform people

Those who want to entertain people

Those who have large number of followers who wish to emulate them

Those who lead an authentic life

Correct Answer : 2

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Section III : Common Errors in English

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 Part 7: Correct the errors(grammar) in 10 sentences

Q 34. Identify the correct sentence.

The senators finished their business. did they?

The senators finished their business. didn’t they?

Correct Answer :2

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Q 35. Identify the correct sentence.

She has met the Editor yesterday.

She met the Editor yesterday.

Correct Answer :2

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Q 36. Identify the correct sentence.

He asked a holiday.

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 He asked for a holiday.

Correct Answer :2

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Q 37. Identify the correct sentence.

Let he and she sit down and discuss the common minimum programme.

Let them sit down and discuss the common minimum programmes.

Correct Answer :2

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Q 38. Identify the correct sentence.

All the players who the selectors invited to a meeting felt happy.

Al the players whom the selectors invited to the party felt happy.

Correct Answer :2

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Q 39. Identify the correct sentence.

One was kept alive and many shoot dead.

One was kept alive and many were shot dead.

Correct Answer :2

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Q 40. Identify the correct sentence.

They insisted on me resigning the post.

They insisted on my resigning the post.

Correct Answer :2

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Q 41. Identify the correct sentence.

Are their more of those biscuits?

Are there more of those biscuits?

Correct Answer :2

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Q 42. Identify the correct sentence.

The shop stocks good stationary.

The shop stocks good stationery.

Correct Answer :2

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Q 43. Identify the correct sentence.

My father loves with me.

My father loves me

Correct Answer :2

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