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Wier On Permeable Foundation
Wier On Permeable Foundation
FOUNDATIONS
(WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING – II)
UNIT – VI
Causes of Failure:
1. Due to Seepage or Sub-surface Flow
a) Piping or Undermining
b) Rupture of Floor by Uplift Pressure
2. Due to Surface Flow
a) By Suction due to Hydraulic Jump
b) By Scour on the u/s and d/s of the weir
Design of Impervious Floor
Directly depended on the possibilities of percolation in porous subsoil
Water from upstream percolates and creeps (or travel) slowly through weir base
and the subsoil below it.
The head lost by the creeping water is proportional to the distance it travels (creep
length) along the base of the weir profile.
The creep length must be made as big as possible so as to prevent the piping
action. This can be achieved by providing deep vertical cut-offs or sheet piles
Coefficient of Percolation:
(Loss of head per unit length of creep)
Coefficient of Creep:
Bligh’s Creep Theory (1912)
Design Criteria:
a) Safety against Piping
Floor Thickness,
where
h = Ordinate of Hydraulic Gradient Line measures above the top of floor
ρ = Specific Gravity of Floor Material
DESIGN
L2 = L – l1 – (b + 2d1 + 2d2)
Nominal Thickness of 1 m
d1 = HFL – Max. Scour Depth d2 = HFL after Retrogation – Max. Scour Depth
Assumptions:
1. Slopes steeper than 450 are taken as Verticals (d)
2. Slopes less than 450 are taken as Horizontals (l)
Creep Length:
Example:
PD = (ΦD /H) 100
Khosla’s Curve for Exit Gradient
Khosla’s Theory (1936)
Most designs do not confirm to elementary profiles (specific cases). In actual cases,
we may have a number of piles at upstream level, downstream level and
intermediate points and the floor also has some thickness.
Intermediate Pile:
D/S Pile:
Where
C = Percentage of Correction to
be applied the pressure head
Inverted Filter and Launching Apron
Inverted Filter:
An inverted filter is provided immediately at the end of d/s impervious apron to
relieve the pressure.
Approximate length is 1.5 d2
Launching Apron:
After the inverted filter, a launching apron is provided to protect the d/s pile from
scour holes progressing in the u/s direction.
Approximate length is 2.5 d2
A similar launching apron is provided to the u/s side with a length equal to 2d1
Previous Questions
1. Describe with the help of suitable sketches Bligh's creep theory for the safe
design of apron in an irrigation work
2. How does Lane’s theory differ from Bligh’s Creep Theory
3. Discuss Khosla's theory for design of weirs on permeable foundations,
Enumerate the various corrections that are needed in its application
4. Discuss utility and limitations of Khosla`s theory
5. Explain salient features of Khosla’s theory and how it is used in the design of
permeable foundations
6. Compare the Bligh’s and Khosla’s theories for the design of impervious floor
Reference
Chapter 12
Irrigation and Water Power Engineering
By Dr. B. C. Punmia,
Dr. Pande Brij Basi Lal,
Ashok Kr. Jain,
Arun Kr. Jain