UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM DALTA

Cultural Globalization: Practices and Values

being forgotten by the College Students of
University of Perpetual
Help System Dalta
Las Pinas

Mansul, Neferteri
Ong, Romel
Saavedra, Vinzer
Seguido, Zhiarah
Villaflor, Jewel

A Thesis Presented to

Ms. Caroline O. Buena

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA – Las Piñas

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for Contemporary World

Bachelor of Science is Respiratory Therapy

Las Piñas City

March 2019

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 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM DALTA

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “Cultural Globalization: Practices and Values being forgotten

by the students of University of Perpetual Help System Dalta- Las pinas” prepared

and submitted by: in partial fulfillment to the requirements of the DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN IN RESPIRATORY THERAPY

is hereby accepted.

_____________________
Mrs. Caroline O. Buena
PROGRAM ADVISER

Accepted as partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of

Science in Respiratory Therapy

____________________________
Mrs. Davie Canedo-Regalario
DEAN

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 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM DALTA

Abstract

This research is to know if the student in University Of Perpetual Help System Dalta

Las Pinas College of Radiologic Technology and Occupational Therapy has forgotten

the Filipino practices and values. This descriptive research method is used in

gathering and needed information for the study ‘’Cultural Globalization: Practices

and Values Being Forgotten by the students of the University of Perpetual Help

System Dalta”. Based on our gathered data related to our statement of the problem

one there are 94.01% of students responded YES and 6.01% of students responded

NO. In our statement of the problem number two there are 77.8% of students

responded YES while there are 22.2% of students responded NO. Lastly in our SOP3

there are 81.0% of students responded YES and 19.0% students responded NO. All in

all there are 84.3% students who are still or aware about Filipino culture. With all the

data that has been gathered. The researchers concluded that the Radiologic

technology and Occupational therapy students of University of Perpetual Help

System Dalta Las Pinas, Does not forgot the practices and values.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to extend their utmost gratitude to the following

people who contributed to their significant parts in the realization of this worthwhile

piece of work:

MS. CAROLINE BUENA our thesis adviser, for guiding us in doing our study.

In giving us tips on how we can make this research convenient and possible. We are

grateful and thankful for your patience in answering all of our questions.

TO OUR FAMILY AND FRIENDS, we would like to thank all of you who

showed us that we can fulfill this study and reach our goals. We are grateful for having

good company around us because that helped us to be inspired. We appreciate their trust

for us to achieve our goal.

TO GOD ALMIGHTY, for the strength that He has bestowed in all of us

especially at times when things go wrong or when things do not go the way we planned it

to be. Thank you Lord for guiding and giving us the strength and wisdom we need in

fulfilling this research, for waking us up each day to continue and finish what we started.

To Him that never failed us. Truly an achievement as researchers.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 : Problem and its Background
1.1 Introduction 6
1.2 Background of the study 7
1.3 Statement of the problem 8
1.4 Conceptual framework 9
1.5 Scope and delimitation 10

Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

2.1 Local literature 11
2.2 Foreign literature 12

Chapter 3: Methodology
3.1 Research method 16
3.2 Respondent of the study 16
3.3 Population of the study 17
3.4 Research locale 17
3.5 Data gathering 17
3.6 Sampling technique 18
3.7 Instrumentation 18

Chapter 4: Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

4.1 Presentation 19
4.2 Analysis 20
4.3 Interpretation 22

Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Summary 25
5.2 Conclusion 26

5.3 Recommendation 27
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Chapter 1
Problem and its Background

Introduction
The culture of the Philippines comprises a blend of traditional Filipino and

Spanish catholic traditions, with influence from America and other parts of Asia the

Filipinos are family oriented and often religious with an appreciation for art, fashion,

music, food. Filipinos are also hospitable people who love to have good time, this often

includes getting together to sing, dance, eat. The annual calendar is packed with festivals,

many of which combine costumes and rituals from the nation's Pre-Christian past with

the day catholic belief ideology of present day.

Culture is the invisible bond which ties the people of a community together. Our

art, our literature and mostly our language define us they make us who we are. It has been

rightly said that a community is only strong as its language and culture change. Change is

the law of nature. It is necessary to adapt if a society is to keep pace with ever-changing

world but, when this change comes at the cost of the culture, the society instead of

progressing, moves backwards our culture too is being threatened by the present era of

modernization. Though we have come a long way from the ancient times, we have

forgotten our culture in the process. Our present generation is hardly aware about our

culture. Most of us have forgotten our language, our traditions and in the process of our

identity. It is only matter of time before we completely lose our culture and traditions to

modernization we failed to appreciate the richness and beauty of our own language. What

we speak today is just a blend of english and filipino. This study will show if the students

of Radiologic Technology and Occupational Therapy really forgotten their practices and

values.

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Background of the study

Some people forget the culture of their ancestors and try to assimilate in the

culture of the place where they live. This probably means they will suffer from racism for

a while, until they have lived in their new place long enough to prove they can be

assimilated members of the society. Others try to do everything they can to remember or

recover their ancestral culture, while at the same time, trying to become valued members

of their current culture. Filipinos instead burrowed many ideas from different culture to

fill in the gap. This lead to a cultural identity crisis, a culture of burrowing ideas from

other culture made them uncertain about what type of culture should they represent in

international stage, should they go with Latin? Western? or Malay? Combining all 3 is

not very convincing on the Filipinos, Filipinos want a single major identity, not a mix.

This study will show if the students of Radiologic Technology and Occupational Therapy

really forgotten their practices and values.

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Statement of the problem

The importance of intangible cultural heritage is not the cultural manifestation

itself but rather the wealth of knowledge and skills that is transmitted through it from one

generation to the next. The social and economic value of this transmission of knowledge

is relevant for minority groups and for mainstream social groups within a state, and is as

important for developing states as for developed ones. With these statement of the

problems will show if the student of University Of Perpetual Help System Dalta Las

Pinas really forgotten the Filipino Culture and Values.

1. Are the students still capable enough to speak in their mother tongue language?

2. Are the students still apply the values and practices that our ancestors preserved?

3. Does the modern generation still practice traditional way of celebration?

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Conceptual framework

The researchers created a conceptual framework that include a philosophical and

methodological model to have a guide in their research. This provides context for the

outcome of the events conducted in the research. The data collection and analysis are also

based on the conceptual framework.

INPUT OUTPUT
PROCESS UTILIZATION
COLLEGE WILL HAVE AN
SURVEY THIS STUDY WILL
STUDENT OF ANSWER TO THE
QUESTIONNAIRES HELP THE FUTURE
UNIVERSITY OF STATEMENT OF
WILL BE GIVEN TO RESEARCHERS TO
PERPETUAL HELP THE PROBLEM
THE COLLEGE HAVE AN IDEA
SYSTEM DALTA AND WILL HAVE
STUDENTS OF ABOUT THIS
CONCLUSION.
UNIVERSITY OF TOPIC
PERPETUAL HELP
DALTA

figure 1: Conceptual Framework

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Scope and Delimitation

The researchers will randomly select participants limited to the program of

Occupational Theraphy and Radiologic Technology who would answer the distributed

questionnaires. The participants are 25 college students under RT and 25 college students

under OT and will be conducted at University of Perpetual Help System-Dalta Las Pinas

50 respondents : 25 OT and 25 RDT

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Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature

A literature review is a comprehensive summary of previous research on a topic.

The literature review surveys scholarly articles, books, and other sources relevant to a

particular area of research. It should give a theoretical base for the research and help

you (the author) determine the nature of your research. RRL is important because it is a

proof that this study has been a question not only in our country but also in others and it

is a guide for us to have answers to our certain questions.

Local literatures

“When we talk about “culture” we often mean intellectual and creative products,

including literature, music, drama, and painting. Another use of “culture” is to describe

the beliefs and practices of another society, particularly where these are seen as closely

linked with tradition or religion. But culture is more than that. Culture is part of the fabric

of every society, including our own. It shapes “the way things are done” and our

understanding of why this should be so” as stated by Buenaventura, Ma. (2018)

One of the filipino culture that filipinos are forgetting is the respect of children to

the elders. As said by Jabines, H (2014) Can you hear children nowadays

say“PO” and “HO” to the people that are older than them? Does your children bless to

you every time you arrive from work or every time they came home from school? We

need to preserve this culture because it is very important for our children today to acquire

proper values as they grow older because the world that we live on today is full of

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temptations that could possibly ruin your children’s future. They need to learn these

values so that the next generation of mankind will still remember these beliefs.

Another filipino culture that is fading in this generation is the way of courtship. In

agreement with Russel R. (2011) If the suitor is acceptable for the girl she will let the

men in the house, or let them stay outside and she responds with a song. All these may

happen under the watchful eye of the parents. Presently, the tradition is almost non-

existent. Gone are the men, getting together over tuba or some liquor, practicing and

singing to help a fellow in his quest for love. For a Pinoy to be truly a man, one must win

the heart of his irog (loved one). The cool evenings, the sweet voice, the gentle

strumming of the guitar and a heart-warming song offered to a lady. For sure, all of these

can cause more than just a smile from her.

Foreign literature

Why do we need to keep in mind that culture is a big part of globalization and

why should we give importance to every culture? First, the researchers will be stating

previous studies and literatures to enhance our knowledge regarding to cultural erosion,

cultural diversity, tradition, and culture itself. Let’s start on the marketing world, In the

study of Ahmed M., Ullah S., Alam A. (2014), ‘’Importance of Culture in Success of

International Marketing’’, It is important that these dimensions should be considered in

the formulation of global marketing strategies. Also, language, religion, values and

attitudes, education, social organizations, law and practices are eight cultural attributes

grouped under six areas which are important to marketing managers. According to

Ahmed, Ullah, & Alam (2014), These cultural attributes are relevant to the successful

formulation and implementation of global marketing strategies. They concluded that for
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an organization to succeed in a market, its business strategies should be tailored with the

culture of that particular market. Ahmed, et al. (2014) admitted that culture plays crucial

role in the strategy a business employs in marketing its products. Therefore, it is very

important to entrepreneurs or businessmen to know this basic rule, that is to know the

culture and tradition of the community before starting a business. Ahmed M., Ullah S.,

Alam A. (2014) asserted that without understanding the culture of a country in which the

organization wants to do its business, that organization cannot achieve success.

Talking about technology, technology also has a huge impact on cultural globalization.

Technology also has a huge impact on cultural erosion, the question is how does

technology affect ones’ culture? In the study of Moazzama Naseer et al.; Sch. J. Arts.

Humanit. Soc. Sci. (2014), ‘’Exposure to foreign media and changing in cultural traits- A

Study Conducted In District Sargodha and Multan’’, International media has influence

not only on Pakistani youth but to everyone. Analysis and interpretation of data have

empirically demonstrated that International media has strongly influence youngsters in

negative direction. It is found that these channels have vital role in replacing Pakistani

culture with other cultures and changing lifestyle, language and other aspects of Pakistani

people. The results of the study showed that youngsters frequently watched international

channels and frequent exposure to these channels plays a significant role in shaping their

life style and identity. Waheed (2008) also confirmed present data in his study that in

Pakistani society every aspect of life is influenced such as life style, manner, language

promotion and dressing styles and values are affected by international media. In their

study, data revealed that 33.3% respondents strongly agreed, and 42.7% respondents

agreed that Indian/western culture is affecting the life style of Pakistani people while only

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8.7% respondents disagreed, 7.3% strongly disagreed and 8.0% gave response that they

are neither agreed nor disagreed.

Moreover, the research concluded that teenagers admitted that the programs

shown television portray the modern lifestyle, some of them admitted that it was the ideal

lifestyle which they will like to adopt, especially the lifestyle of celebrities shown in

these programs and they learnt some social values from international channels such as

fashion, communication, life style etc. It Is recommended by the researchers that media

should not sacrifice morality due to profit making. Musical videos and serials especially

with explicit contents have negative impacts on youngsters‟

pattern of social and sexual behavior so, these channels should be banned. It is advisable

that television channels with positive social values should be highlighted while the

negative social values should be de-emphasized. It has been noted that in most of the

soaps the youngsters watch, it is the negative values that are mostly exposed while the

positive values are at the background. At international channels they watch use of

alcohol, cigarettes and love affairs in their soaps and programs.

In terms of cultural diversity, how do we appreciate it? The benefits of a

multicultural workforce can be realized through good communication. Good

communication requires an understanding of the other culture, its norms, values,

preferences, and social practices. Understanding whether the other culture exhibits a

high-context or low-context communication style is important (Kennedy & Everest,

1996). Having a culturally diverse workforce can also result in several disadvantages for

organizations.

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Alder (2008) added specific communication-related disadvantages of cultural

diversity in the workplace. Among those disadvantages were increased ambiguity,

complexity, and confusion due to miscommunication. Multinational organizations that

employ a culturally diverse workforce should be ever conscious to realize that the

differences between people from different cultures are far less than the similarities

between those people. Basic values like trust, respect, affirmation, humility, openness,

and graciousness are universally understood and appreciated. Understanding how those

basic values are expressed in a given culture and caring enough about those from that

culture to modify our behaviors to correspond to their ways will lay a solid foundation for

communication and all of the potential benefits and advantages of cultural diversity.

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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the methodology of research study, supervision of

interviewers and procedures of respondent’s selection. In this study methodologies have

been used to give survey and examine the answers of the chosen college students of

University of Perpetual Help System Dalta about Filipino culture and practices

Research Method

This descriptive research method is used in gathering the needed information for

this study. Specifically the researchers utilised a questionnaire type of descriptive

research method which enables the researchers to gather information from the OT and

RDT college students of University of Perpetual Help System Dalta, without the

respondent’s having any difficulty in answering the questions required for the researchers

to have information regarding the Philippine Cultural Tradition: Practices and Values

being forgotten

Respondent of the study

For this study the respondents will be the students of Radiologic Technology and

Occupational Therapy that is enrolled in University of Perpetual Help System Dalta- Las

pinas, we will be choosing 25 students from each program in total of 50 respondents. The

researchers will gather information by giving a survey questionnaires to the college

students about the Cultural Globalization: Practices and values being forgotten.

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Population of the Study

The researchers will choose randomly in the first year college of Radiologic

Technology and Occupational Therapy. The total population of Radiologic Technology is

36 and the total population of Occupational Therapy is 29. Since the researchers have

limited time and only capable of providing 50 questionnaires due to financial matter, the

researchers will only choose 25 students for each program.

Research Locale

The researchers will be conducting all the surveys in University of Perpetual

System Dalta- Las Pinas due to its conveniency.

Data gathering

Collecting of
primary and
secondary data

Conducting of survey

Gathering
of data

Data
Analysis

Summary
of findings

Figure 2: Data Gathering Procedure

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Sampling Technique

The technique that is used for the study of Cultural Globalization is random

sampling limited to the students of RDT and OT students of University of Perpetual Help

System Dalta Las Pinas

Instrumentation

The instrument used was a research-made questionnaire checklist to gather the

needed researcher’s Statement of the problem and will be checked by the thesis

counselor

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CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

In this chapter, the researchers’ presents the data gathered, the results of the

statistical analysis and interpretation of the findings. These are presented in tables graphs

following the sequence of the specific research problem regarding to the Cultural

Globalization: Practices and Culture being forgotten by the college students of University

of Perpetual Help System Dalta- Las Pinas

Presentation of Data

The researchers have chosen 25 respondents out of 36 students from radiologic

technology and 25 respondents out of 29 students from the occupational therapy in total

of 50 respondents. The researchers can conclude that 69.44% of student in the first year

of radiologic technology has a given a chance to answer the given survey and 86.21% of

students in the first year of the occupational therapy has given a chance to answer the

given survey.

Course Number of Percentage

Respondents Of student who

took the survey

Radiologic Technology 25 36 69.44% 30.56%

Occupational Therapy 25 29 86.21% 13.79%

Table 1: Respondents

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Analysis of data

1. 94% students of Radiologic technology and Occupational therapy answered yes while

6.0% of students answered no, in total of 100% in relation with the researchers statement

of the problem number 1

Statement of the Problem 1

Frequenc Valid

y Percent Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid YES 47 94.0 94.0 94.0

NO 3 6.0 6.0 100.0

Total 50 100.0 100.0

Tab

le 2: Statement of the problem

2. 77.8% students of Radiologic technology and Occupational therapy answers yes while

22.2% of students answered no, in total of 100% in relation with the researchers

statement of the problem number 2

Statement of the Problem 2

Frequency Percent

Missing yes 272 60.

no 178 39.5

Total 450 100.0

able 3: Statement of the problem 2

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3. 81.0% students of Radiologic technology and Occupational therapy answers yes while

19.0% students answers no, in total of 100% in relation with the statement of the problem

number 3

Statement of the Problem 3

Frequency Percent

Missing yes 81 81.0

no 19 19.0

Total 100 100.0

Table 4: Statement of the problem 3

4. The table shows the that SOP1 94% answered yes and 6% answered no, while SOP2

60.5% answered yes while 39.5% answered no and lastly, in SOP3 81% answered yes

and 19% answered no

Yes No Cumulative Percent

SOP 1 94.0% 6.0% 100.0

SOP2 60.5% 39.5% 100.0

SOP3 81.0% 19.0% 100.0

TOTAL 78.3% 21.5% 100.0

Table 5: Summary of Statement of the problems

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Interpretation of Data

1. The graph shows that 6% of student answered that they are not comfortable using their

mother tongue language and 94% answers that they are comfortable. The researchers can

conlude that 94% of the students in both programs are comfortable speaking in Filipino,

while 6% students are not. Means that majority of the student of radiologic technology

and student from Occupational therapy are still comfortable using their mother tongue

languange.

Are you comfortable using your mother tongue language

No
6%

Yes
94%

Graph 1: Percentage of answer in the question of statement of the problem

2. In the graph below, it shows the summarized answer of the question under the

statement of the problem 2, in the first column 84% of student in both programs

answered that they still pratice pagmamano while 16% of students does not. In the

second column 92% of students says po and opo while 8% of the students does not. In the

third column 50% of student did think that the youth still apply the traditional way of
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Filipino coutship while 50% answered did not. In the fourth column 76% of students

have family ties while the remaing 24% does not. In the fifth column 59% of the student

answered that they still believe in supertitious while 42% do not believe. In the sixth

column 82% of the student shows hospitality to the foreigners while 18% of the student

did not. In the seventh column 92% of the student think at cultural globalization is one of

the major factors affects the filipino practices and values while 8% did not. In the eight

column 92% of students think that the foreign practices are being aadopted by the

filipinos and 8% did not and the last column, 80% of student are prounf being a Filipino

while the remining 20% are not proud. Means that majority of the student are still

respectful, shows hospitality and are pround being a filipino.

120%

100%

80%
percentage

60%

40%

20%

0%
Do you Do you Do you
Do you Are you
still Do you Do you think think
think pround
practice still say Do you show cultural that the
that the being a
pagmam PO and Do you believe hospitali globaliza foreign
youth Filipino
ano to Opo to have in ty to tion is practice
still use in terms
your elder close Filipino your one of th s are
the of
grandpa people family superstit foreign major being
tradition fashion
rents or as a sign ties ious classmat factor adopted
al way of m music
you of beliefs? es or affecting by the
Filipinoc and
older respect visitors Filipino Filipinos
outship? beliefs?
relativ… practic… ?
no 16% 8% 50% 24% 42% 18% 8% 14% 20%
yes 84% 92% 50% 76% 59% 82% 92% 86% 80%

Graph 2:: Percentage of answers in the Statement of the Problem 2

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3. The graph shows that 86% of students both radiologic technology and occupational

therapy answered that they still celebrate fiesta and holidays while 14% answered that

they do not. Meanwhile 74% of student answered that they are still practicing the

traditional way of celebrating Christmas while 26% answered that they do not. Means

that majority of the student of Radiologic Technology and Occupational Therapy still

celebrate fiesta and Christmas.

120.00%

100.00%
14%
26%
80.00%

60.00%

40.00% 86.00%
74.00%
20.00%

0.00%
Do you celebrate fiestas and holidays? Do you think that Filipinos are still
practicing the traditional way of
yes no celebrating Christmas?

Graph 3: Percentage of answers in Statement of the Problem 3

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CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings

The result that answers the statement of the problem “Are the students still

capable enough to speak in their mother tongue language?” regarding Cultural

Globalization: Practices and Values being forgotten by the College Students of

University of Perpetual Help System Dalta Las Pinas, the researchers can conlude that

94% of the students in both programs are comfortable speaking in Filipino, while 6%

students are not. Means that majority of the student of radiologic technology and student

from Occupational therapy are still comfortable using their mother tongue languange.

While the statement of the problem “Does students still apply the values and practices

that our ancestors preserved?” based on the answered questionnaires regarding this

statement of the problem and also based on the gathered data, few students under

occupational therapy and radiological technology gradually forgets the concept of

pagmamano. 92% of students says po and opo while 8% of the students does not. This

proves that the majority of students are still practicing to say po and opo but there are

some students that are gradually forgetting the traditional way of showing respect and

manners to elders. 50% of students did think that the youth still apply the traditional way

of Filipino coutship while 50% answered did not. This has been proven that filipino men

tend to forget the traditional way of courting a women. While 76% of students have

family ties while the remaing 24% does not. 59% of the student answered that they still

believe in supertitious while 42% do not believe. 82% of the student shows hospitality to
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 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM DALTA

the foreigners while 18% of the student did not. 92% of the student think at cultural

globalization is one of the major factors affects the filipino practices and values while 8%

did not. 92% of students think that the foreign practices are being aadopted by the

filipinos and 8% did not and the last column, 80% of student are prounf being a Filipino

while the remining 20% are not proud. Means that majority of the student are still

respectful, shows hospitality and are pround being a filipino.86% of students both

radiologic technology and occupational therapy answered that they still celebrate fiesta

and holidays while 14% answered that they do not. Meanwhile 74% of student answered

that they are still practicing the traditional way of celebrating Christmas while 26%

answered that they do not. Means that majority of the student of Radiologic Technology

and Occupational Therapy still celebrate fiesta and Christmas.

Conclusion

This research is about how the students in University of Perpetual Help System

Dalta 1st year college students of occupational therapy and radiological technology forget

and how well they know the culture and values of the Philippines, how they know well

the culture of the other country, how they do not say “po” and “opo” to the older people

around them, how they just watch tv or play with their mobile phone instead of going out

and play outdoor game with their friends just like how and what the others have done.

That’s how they hav forgotten what is the culture and the values as a Filipino. But some

of the respondents still know and practice the culture and the values as a Filipino until

now.

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Recommendations:

Future researchers

1. The researchers must have a legit source in finding a topic, the exact format must be

followed

2. The researchers must look for a topic with a good concept so that the readers will be

interested

3. The researchers must always aim for a good ideas or concept when creating a research

and look for a reliable source when aiming for a good research

4. The researchers must be prepared with the needed equipment including the SPSS

5. Always plan ahead of time in order to take time in finding a reliable source

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jabian, J (2017) “Could be the reason why other Filipinos had forgotten the real Filipino

values” https://steemit.com/filipino/@juvyjabian/could-be-the-reason-why-other-

filipinos-had-forgotten-the-real-filipino-values

Geneve, Ma (2018) “Culture: Being forgotten?”

https://uglywriters.com/2018/01/30/culture-being-forgotten/

Habines, J (2014) “Preserving Filipino Culture”

http://preservingfilipinoculture.blogspot.com/

Russel, R (2011) “ Harana the lost ritual in pinoy courtship”

http://www.thepinoywarrior.com

/2011/02/harana-lost-ritual-in-pinoy-courtship.html

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259962350_Importance_of_Culture_in_Succes

s_of_International_Marketing

http://www.academia.edu/9538194/Exposure_to_foreign_media_and_changing_in_cultur

al_traits-_A_Study_Conducted_In_District_Sargodha_and_Multan

Kennedy, J. and Everest, A. (1996). Put diversity in context. Personnel Journal,

Alder, N.J. (2008). International dimensions of organizational behavior, 5th ed. Mason,

OH: Thompson South-Western

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APPENDICES A

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APPENDICES B

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