INFLUENCE OF DURABILITY ON MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES OF PQC MIX

A
DISSERTATION

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

Requirements for the award of degree
of
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
(With specialization in Transportation Engineering)

By

JITENDER KUMAR
14524007

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING GROUP

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE
ROORKEE-247667 (INDIA)
May-June 2016
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

It is certified that this work has been carried out in Department of Civil Engineering at Indian
Institute of Technology under the supervision of Dr. G D Ransinchung R N, Associate
Professor of Transportation Engineering Group, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.

Date: (JITENDER KUMAR)

Place: Roorkee Enrolment No. 14524007

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my
knowledge.

Dr. G D Ransinchung R N
Associate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian institute of Technology, Roorkee
Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With immense pleasure I would like to express my sincere gratitude and thanks to my respected
supervisor, Dr. G.D. Ransinchung R.N, Associate professor, Transportation Engineering group,
Department of civil engineering, Indian Institute Of Technology, Roorkee, for his valuable
guidance and consistent encouragement throughout the work. This work is simply the reflection
of their thoughts, ideas, and concepts and all his efforts. I am highly indebted to him for his kind
and valuable suggestions and of course his valuable time during the period of the work.

I would acknowledge my gratefulness to my friends who provided valuable suggestion and

encouragement whenever I needed. I am also extremely grateful for my family for their support,
love, patience and for being a constant source of inspiration.

Date: JITENDER KUMAR

Place: Roorkee (14524007)

iii
 ABSTRACT

The present study deals with the changes due to the addition of mineral admixtures such as

wollastonite, flyash and silicafume on the workability, strength and durability of concrete. The

workability studies have been carried out by using various w/c or w/ca ratios such as 0.55. Three

different mineral admixtures were chosen and they were added in three different dosages I, II and

III mixed thoroughly with the M25 designed concrete mix, cured for 7 days and 28 days and then

tested. Dosage I consists of wollastonite or flyash 10% plus 5% silicafume, dosage II consists of

wollastonite or flyash 15% plus 5% silicafume and dosage III consists of wollastonite or flyash

20% plus 5% silicafume. The specimens were tested for various strength properties such as

compressive strength or flexural strength with and without admixtures and the results were

compared. Addition of mineral admixtures reduces the mid span and 1/3rd span deflections in the

flexural strength test and thus increases the flexural stiffness.

Mineral admixtures result in a better dispersion of cement particles during mixing resulting in a

dense concrete than the conventional cement concrete. This increased the mechanical properties

such as compression and flexural strength even after 7 days and 28 days of hydration. Since the

strength enhancement is more due to the addition of admixtures, it facilitates the removal of form

work at early ages.

The pore size distribution of concrete significantly affects the mechanical properties of the

concrete or in other word reduction in the pore size distribution significantly increases the

compressive as well as tensile strength of the harden concrete.

iv
 CONTENTS

CANDIDATES DECELARATRION ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

ABSTRACT iv

LIST OF FIGURE vii

LIST OF TABLES viii

I INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Admixtures 2
1.3 Scope of the Work 3
1.4 Problem Defination 6
1.5 Principle 7
1.6 Need of the Study 9
1.7 Objective of the Study 9
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 10
2.1 General 10
2.2 Review of Literature 11
3 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 18
3.1 General 18
3.2 Materials 18
3.3 Trial Mix 24
3.4 Design Mix 25
3.5 Casting & Curing 28
3.6 Experimental Programme 30
3.7 Tests on Fresh Concrete 31
3.8 Tests on Hardened Concrete 32
3.9 Tests for Durability for Concrete 36

v
4 RESULT AND DISCUSSSION 39
4.1 General 39
4.2 Workability Properties 39
4.3 Studies on Mechanical Strength 43

4.4 Durability Properties 52

5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 67
5.1 Summary 67
5.2 Conclusions 68
References 70

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Caption Page

No.
Figure 1.1 Mercury Porosimeter AMP-60K-A-2.5-2.5-5-10 5
Figure 3.1 Material for concrete mix 29
Figure 3.2 (a) Mixing 29
Figure 3.2 (b) Concrete mix 29
Figure 3.3 Chart of experimental programme 30
Figure 3.4 Slump cone test 31
Figure 3.5 Slump measurement 31
Figure 3.6 (a) Moulds for compressive strength 33
Figure 3.6 (b) Casting of moulds 33
Figure 3.7 (a) Specimen samples 33
Figure 3.7 (b) Compressive strength test in lab 33
Figure 3.8 Modulus of rapture test in lab 34
Figure 3.9 Loading arrangements for flexural test 35
Figure 3.10 Lab setup for permeability test 37
Figure 3.11 Permeability cell 37
Figure 4.1 Slump value of concrete mix various dosages 42
Figure 4.2 Compressive strength at 7 days 45
Figure 4.3 Compressive strength at 28 days 45
Figure 4.4 Flexural strength at 7 days 48
Figure 4.5 Flexural strength at 28 days 49
Figure 4.6 Permeability of concrete with and without admixture at 7 days 61
Figure 4.7 Permeability of concrete with and without admixture at 28 days 62
Figure 4.8 Relationship between flexural & compressive strength 65
Figure 4.9 Relationship b/w compressive strength & average pore diameter 65
Figure 4.10 Relationship b/w flexural strength & average pore diameter 66
Figure 4.11 Relationship b/w permeability & average pore diameter 66

vii
 LIST OF TABLES
Table no. Caption Pg. No.

Table 3.1 Physical Properties of 43 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement 19

Table 3.2 Chemical properties of OPC 19

Table 3.3 Combined gradation of supplied fine aggregate 20

Table 3.4 Physical Properties of Fine Aggregate (Tests as per IS: 2386– 20

1968: Part III)

Table 3.5 Combined gradations of coarse aggregates 21

Table 3.6 Physical Properties of Coarse Aggregate (Tests as per IS: 2386 – 21

1968 Part III)

Table 3.7 Chemical properties of mineral admixtures 23

Table 3.8 Mixes chosen for the tests and their material composition 24

Table 3.9 Approximate sand and water contents /m3 of concrete as per IS: 26

456-2000

Table 3.10 Deviation in selection of water and sand content 26

Table 3.11 Approximate entrapped air content as per IS: 456-2000 27

Table 3.12 Quantities of ingredients of Concrete Mix 28

Table 4.1 Slump Test Results 40

Table 4.2 Statistical Analysis of Slump Test Result with & without 41

Admixture

Table 4.3 Compressive strength of concrete with and without admixtures 43

Table 4.4 (a) Statistical analysis of compressive strength test values at 7days 44

Table 4.4 (b) Statistical analysis of compressive strength test values at 28 days 44

viii
Table 4.5 Average flexural strength with and without admixture 48

Table 4.6 (a) Statistical analysis of flexural strength test values at 7days 49

Table 4.6 (b) Statistical analysis of flexural strength test values at 28days 50

Table 4.7 Permeability of Conventional Concrete-7 days 53

Table 4.8 Permeability of Conventional Concrete-28 days 53

Table 4.9 Permeability of concrete with CWS1 at 7 days 54

Table 4.10 Permeability of concrete with CWS1 at 28 days 54

Table 4.11 Permeability of concrete with CWS2 at 7 days 55

Table 4.12 Permeability of concrete with CWS2 at 28 days 55

Table 4.13 Permeability of concrete with CWS3 at 7 days 56

Table 4.14 Permeability of concrete with CWS3 at 28 days 56

Table 4.15 Permeability of concrete with CFS1 at 7 days 57

Table 4.16 Permeability of concrete with CFS1 at 28 days 57

Table 4.17 Permeability of concrete with CFS2 at 7 days 58

Table 4.18 Permeability of concrete with CFS2 at 28 days 58

Table 4.19 Permeability of concrete with CFS3 at 7 days 59

Table 4.20 Permeability of concrete with CFS3 at 28 days 59

Table 4.21 Permeability of concrete with and without admixtures 7 days & 28 60
days
Table 4.22(a) Statistical analysis of Permeability test values -7 days 60

Table 4.22(b) Statistical analysis of Permeability test values -28 days 61

Table 4.23 Average Pore Diameter of concrete at 28 days 63

Table 4.24 Comparison of mechanical and durability properties of concrete at 64

28 days

ix
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