Literature Survey

Introduction:-
The literature review was done based on some books as well research papers here I will discuss
the book as well as research paper. Basically in literature survey we had gone through research
papers and books to know what are different kind of mechanisms which could be useful to our
project and the material which we can use in order to make our project.

Previous Design:- There are basically two types of drill machine present in the market.
There are two types of machine drill, the bench drill and the pillar drill. The bench drills used for
drilling holes through materials including a range of woods, plastics and metals. It is normally
bolted to a bench so that it cannot be pushed over and that larger pieces of material can be drilled
safely. The attachment is gripped by a chuck at one end of the drill and rotated while pressed
against the target material. The tip, and sometimes edges, of the cutting tool does the work of
cutting into the target material.

History of Drill Machine

Development of Drill Machine:- Around 35,000 BC, Homo sapiens discovered the
benefits of the application of rotary tools. This would have rudimentarily consisted of a
pointed rock being spun between the hands to bore a hole through another material. This led
to the hand drill, a smooth stick, that was sometimes attached to flint point, and was rubbed
between the palms. This was used by many ancient civilizations around the world including
the Mayans. The earliest perforated artifacts, such as bone, ivory, shells, and antlers found,
are from the Upper Paleolithic era.

Bow drill (strap-drills) is the first machine drills, as they convert a back and forth motion to a
rotary motion, and they can be traced back to around 10,000 years ago. It was discovered that
tying a cord around a stick, and then attaching the ends of the string to the ends of a stick (a
bow), allowed a user to drill quicker and more efficiently. Mainly used to create fire, bow-
drills were also used in ancient woodwork, stonework, and dentistry. Archaeologists
discovered a Neolithic grave yard in Mehrgrath, Pakistan dating from the time of the
Harappans, around 7,500–9,000 years ago, containing 9 adult bodies with a total of 11 teeth
that had been drilled. There are hieroglyphs depicting Egyptian carpenters and bead makers
in a tomb at Thebes using bow-drills. The earliest evidence of these tools being used in Egypt
dates back to around 2500 BCE. The usage of bow-drills was widely spread through Europe,
Africa, Asia, and North America, during ancient times and is still used today. Over the years
many slight variations of bow and strap drills have developed for the various uses of either
boring through materials or lighting fires.

The core drill was developed in ancient Egypt by 3000 BC. The pump drill was invented
during Roman times. It consists of a vertical spindle aligned by a piece of horizontal wood
and a flywheel to maintain accuracy and momentum.

The hollow-borer tip, first used around the 13th century, consisted of a stick with a tubular
shaped piece of metal on the end, such as copper. This allowed a hole to be drilled while only
actually grinding the outer section of it. This completely separates the inner stone or wood
from the rest, allowing the drill to pulverize less material to create a similarly sized hole.

While the pump-drill and the bow-drill were used in Western Civilization to bore smaller
holes for a larger part of human history, the Auger was used to drill larger holes starting
sometime between Roman and Medieval ages. The auger allowed for more torque for larger
holes. It is uncertain when the Brace and Bit was invented; however, the earliest picture
found so far dates from the 15th century. It is a type of hand crank drill that consists of two
parts as seen in the picture. The brace, on the upper half, is where the user holds and turns it
and on the lower part is the bit. The bit is interchangeable as bits wear down. The auger uses
a rotating helical screw similar to the Archimedean screw-shaped bit that is common today.
The gimlet is also worth mentioning as it is a scaled down version of an auger.

In the East, churn drills were invented as early as 221 BC during the Chinese Qin Dynasty,
capable of reaching a depth of 1500 m. Churn drills in ancient China were built of wood and
labor-intensive, but were able to go through solid rock. The churn drill appears in Europe
during the 12th century.[6] In 1835 Isaac Singer is reported to have built a steam powered
churn drill based on the method the Chinese used Also worth briefly discussing are the early
drill presses; they were machine tools that derived from bow-drills but were powered by
windmills or water wheels. Drill presses consisted of the powered drills that could be raised
or lowered into a material, allowing for less force by the user.
The next great advancement in drilling technology, the electric motor, led to the invention of
the electric drill. It is credited to Arthur James Arnot and William Blanch Brain of
Melbourne, Australia who patented the electric drill in 1889. In 1895, the first portable
handheld drill was created by brothers Wilhem & Carl Fein of Stuttgart, Germany. In 1917
the first trigger-switch, pistol-grip portable drill was patented by Black & Decker. This was
the start of the modern drill era.

Research Paper used for Literature Survey:-

1. “TOOL INDEXING OF MULTI CHUCK DRILL MACHINE” by A.Rupesh,
P.Saravanakumar, R.Satish Kumar, N. Sivakumar in April 2016.

Abstract:- This project entitles “Tool Indexing multi Chuck Drilling Machine” to
develop the drilling machine by adding the features of as fixing four tools in the
chuck for frequent machining. In this project we design multi chuck drilling machine
with indexing to reduce time conception for drilling various size holes in work piece.
In a single machine multiple drilling operations can be carried out. By this we tried to
fulfill the industrial requirements.”

2. “DESIGN OF GEAR FOR DRILLING MACHINE” by Mr. Tushar and T.

Bhaisare, Prof. M.V.Kavade.

Abstract:- The drilling machine is most essential machine required in almost all the
industries. The drilling machines having different types as per operations to be carried
out. The growth of manufacturing sector depends largely on its productivity &
quality. Productivity depends upon many factors, one of the major factors being
manufacturing efficiency with which the operation/activities are carried out in the
organization. Productivity can be improved by reducing the total machining time,
combining the operations etc. In furniture industries needs the multiple drilling bits to
complete operations on one workpiece. They need the multi drilling machines to
increase the productivity, accuracy and quality. The best way to improve the
production rate (productivity) along with quality is by use of special purpose
machine. The tool set is design to hold the 5-6 number of tools. To drive that tool set
we need to design a gear box i.e. gear. In this paper mostly focused on the gear
design.
3. “FABRICATION OF UNIVERSAL DRILLING MACHINE” by Shete Yogesh ,
Bhosale Aniket , Asst. Prof. Miss. Shinde.

Abstract:- There are many operations are carried out to obtain the final product
from raw material. These operations are performed with the help of various
machineries. Drilling operation is one of the most important operations in industries.
Generally these operations are carried out by two types of drilling machines, these are
Bench drilling Machine & another is hand Drill machine. The bench drill machine
can be used for the heavy operations but for performing many operations it get failed.
It requires multi spindle machine for doing the same. In case of hand drill machine,
the maximum efforts from the human are required, these machines are heavy also.
This universal drilling machine is a combination of both hand drill machine and
bench drill machine, which is designed to obtain the better result with reduced efforts
and time too. This machine provides more flexibility to move in any direction due to
the linkages and its construction. This machine can perform in every direction given
by the operator. There are various linkages and joints are made in its construction
which delivers the more flexibility in the operation. The vertical column is made in
such a way that it can rotate in circular direction. The arm gives angular up and down
motion and the final are gives directional stability and it holds the motor and further
assembly to perform work.

4. “MULTI SPINDLE DRILLING MACHINE” by U. Deepak, C. Tharun

Prabhakar, P.M. Prasanth, S. Manikandan.

Abstract:- This paper discuss the case study and comparison of productivity of
component using conventional radial drilling machine.
The growth of Indian manufacturing sector depends upon many factors, one of the
major factors being manufacturing efficiency with which the operation /activities are
carried out in the organization. Productivity can be improved by reducing the total
machining time, combining the operations, etc. There are frequent needs of tightening
and loosening screws, drilling, boring, grinding machine.
Huge and complicated designed parts cannot be machined in ordinary machines. In a
single machine all the above specified operations can be carried out, after drilling, the
drill head is removed from the barrel key and the required tools like grinding
application. By this we can achieve our industrial requirements and production
targets.
5. “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTI-SPINDLE MACHINE” by Tushar
B.malode.

Abstract:- The growth of Indian manufacturing sector depends largely on its

productivity & quality. Productivity depends upon many factors, one of the major
factors being manufacturing efficiency with which the operation /activities are carried
out in the organization. Productivity can be improved by reducing the total machining
time, combining the operations etc. In case of mass production where variety of jobs
is less and quantity to be produced is huge, it is very essential to produce the job at a
faster rate.
This is not possible if we carry out the production by using general purpose machines.
The best way to improve the production rate (productivity) along with quality is by
use of special purpose machine. Usefulness and performance of the existing radial
Multi-spindle machine will be increased by designing and manufacturing of Multi-
spindle head attachment. This paper deals with design and development of Multi-
spindle head for cycle time optimization of the component.

6. “DESIGN OF MULTI SPINDLE DRILLING MACHINE” by Pravin A. Desai

Abstract:- The growth of Indian manufacturing sector depends largely on its

productivity & quality. Productivity depends upon many factors, one of the major
factors being manufacturing efficiency with which the operation /activities are carried
out in the organization. Productivity can be improved by reducing the total machining
time, combining the operations etc. In case of mass production where variety of jobs
is less and quantity to be produced is huge, it is very essential to produce the job at a
faster rate. This is not possible if we carry out the production by using general
purpose machines. The best way to improve the production rate (productivity) along
with quality is by use of special purpose machine. Usefulness and performance of the
existing radial drilling machine will be increased by designing of multi spindle
drilling head attachment. This paper deals with design and development of multi
spindle drilling head for cycle time optimization of the component. The report
presented here gives detailed overview of making of the Special purpose machine.
This report touches to numerous aspects of engineering, which has been covered in
the curriculum of UG and PG programs of Mechanical engineering. The report is
compiled with a simple and easy to follow approach for building up of a machine. It
consist of design of gear, shaft, bearing, etc.

7. “Fabrication of Universal Drilling Machine” by Shete Yogesh , Bhosale Aniket ,

Asst. Prof. Miss. Shinde.

Abstract:- There are many operations are carried out to obtain the final product
from raw material. These operations are performed with the help of various
machineries. Drilling operation is one of the most important operations in industries.
Generally these operations are carried out by two types of drilling machines, these are
Bench drilling Machine & another is hand Drill machine. The bench drill machine
can be used for the heavy operations but for performing many operations it get failed.
It requires multi spindle machine for doing the same. In case of hand drill machine,
the maximum efforts from the human are required, these machines are heavy also.
This universal drilling machine is a combination of both hand drill machine and
bench drill machine, which is designed to obtain the better result with reduced efforts
and time too. This machine provides more flexibility to move in any direction due to
the linkages and its construction. This machine can perform in every direction given
by the operator. There are various linkages and joints are made in its construction
which delivers the more flexibility in the operation. The vertical column is made in
such a way that it can rotate in circular direction. The arm gives angular up and down
motion and the final are gives directional stability and it holds the motor and further
assembly to perform work.