REGIONS OF THE PHILIPPINES Region 4A – CALABARZON  Lanao del Norte

Region 1 – Ilocos Region  Cavite  Camiguin

 Ilocos Norte  Laguna
 Ilocos Sur  Batangas Region 11 – Davao Region
 La Union  Rizal  Davao del Norte
 Pangasinan  Quezon  Davao del Sur
 Davao Occidental
CAR – Cordillera Administrative Region 4B – MIMAROPA  Davao Oriental
Region  Occidental Mindoro  Compostela Valley
 Abra  Oriental Mindoro
 Apayao  Marinduque Region 12 – SOCCSKSARGEN
 Benguet  Romblon  South Cotobato
 Kalinga  Palawan  Cotobato
 Mountain Province  Sultan Kudarat
 Ifugao Region 5 – Bicol Region  Sarangani
 Albay  General Santos
Region 2 – Cagayan Valley  Camarines Norte
 Batanes  Camarines Sur Region 13 – Caraga Region
 Cagayan  Catanduanes  Agusan del Norte
 Isabela  Sorsogon  Agusan del Sur
 Nueva Vizcaya  Masbate  Surigao del Norte
 Quirino  Surigao del Sur
Region 6 – Western Visayas  Dinagat Islands
Region 3 – Central Luzon  Aklaan
 Aurora  Antique ARMM – Autonomous Region in
 Bataan  Capiz Muslim Mindanao
 Bulacan  Iloilo  Lanao del Sur
 Nueva Ecija  Guimaras  Maguindanao
 Pampanga  Negros Occidental  Basilan
 Tarlac  Sulu
 Zambales Region 7 – Central Visayas  Tawi-Tawi
 Cebu
NCR – National Capital  Bohol DISTRICTS OF METRO MANILA
Region/Metro Manila  Siquijor  Binondo
 Caloocan  Negros Oriental - Binondo Church
 Las Piñas - Chinatown
 Makati Region 8 – Eastern Visayas - Plaza San Lorenzo Ruiz
 Malabon  Samar - Escolta Street
 Mandaluyong  Northern Samar  Ermita
 Manila  Eastern Samar - Metropolitan Theater
 Marikina  Leyte - Manila Ocean Park
 Muntinlupa  Southern Leyte - PGH
 Navotas  Biliran - National Museum
 Parañaque - National Library
 Pasay Region 9 – Zamboanga Peninsula  Intramuros
 Pasig  Zamboanga del Norte - Manila Cathedral
 Pateros  Zamboanga del Sure - Pamantasan ng Lungsod
 ng Maynila
 Quezon City Zamboanga Sibugay
- Colegio de San Juan de
 San Juan
Letran
 Taguig Region 10 – Northern Mindanao
- Lyceum of the
 Valenzuela  Misamis Oriental Philippines University
 Misamis Occidental - Mapúa University
 Bukidnon - Fort Santiago
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 - San Agustin Church - Minor Basilica of the  Santa Cruz
 Malate Black Nazarene - Santa Cruz Church
- Malate Church  Sampaloc - La Loma Cemetery
- Rizal Park - University of Santo - Manila Chinese
- Manila Zoo Tomas Cemetery
 Paco - National University - Manila North Cemetery
- San Fernando De Dilao - Far Eastern University  Santa Mesa
Parish Church - University of the East - Polytechnic University of
- Paco Park - Dangwa the Philippines
- Plaza Dilao  San Andres - Mabini Shrine
- Paco Railway Station - Manila South Cemetery - Carriedo Mansion
 Pandacan  San Miguel - Nuestra Señora de
- Pandacan Bridge - Malacañang Palace Salvacion Parish Church
- Santo Niño Parish  San Nicolas - Our Lady of Fatima
 Port Area - Pasig River Church
- Anda Circle Lighthouse - Motels and Hotels
- Bureau of Internal - Gen. Antonio Luna  Tondo
Revenue Ancestral House - Tondo Church
- Manila South Harbor  Santa Ana - Manila North Harbor
 Quiapo - The Parish of Our Lady of
- Plaza Miranda the Abandoned of Santa
- Golden Mosque and Ana
Green Mosque - Plaza Hugo

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UPRISING OF THE EARLY FILIPINOS
─ this is when Magellan first came into the Phillipines
─ some Filipinos didn’t want to be under the Spanish colony, so they revolted because of [1] (Gold) our resources, [2]
(Gospel)
to scatter Christianity, and lastly [3] (Glory) to extend their empire
─ one of the Spaniards’ objective/motive in conquering the country was the 3Gs (Gold, Gospel, and Glory)
─ all revolts of Filipinos against the Spaniards were a failure because they lacked: [1] unity, [2] communication &
understanding, [3] strategy, [4] a good leader, [5] and (because of the) archipelago nature.

SPANISH PERIOD
─ the condition of the country during the Spanish period. (Lagay ng Pilipinas sa panahon ng mga kastila.)

A. Social Status of the People

1. Maharlika
2. Timawa
3. Alipin

B. Social Status of the People during the Spanish Period

1. Peninsulares
─ Spaniards born in Spain
2. Insulares
─ Spaniards born in the Philippines
3. Mestizo
─ intermarriage of Chinese-Spaniard or Chinese-Filipino
─ Chinese people:
 couldn’t be deported in the Spanish period
 have been in Binondo from then on
 doesn’t like being called ‘Intsik’ because of the saying “Intsik beho tulo laway” because they talk fast
 they like to be addressed as ‘Chinese’
 the smaller the feet of the woman, the more beautiful and successful
─ Under here comes in the:
 Prinsipalya (average people)
- Rizal’s family belonged to the Prinsipalya
o But their lands are not theirs, they only list for the friars in exchange of giving turkey
to them
o Later on the land became theirs
o People that list lands for the friars are called ‘Inquilinos’
4. Indio (first called “Native” by the Spaniards)
─ Andres Bonifacio is an Indio
─ the brown-skinned people
─ Walang alam
─ Mang-mang

C. Structures of the Government

I. Local
 Alcaldia Mayor (Province)
 Ayuntamiento (City)
- headed by a Cabildo
 Pueblo (Town)

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  Balangay (Barangay)
- headed by a Cabeza de Barangay
II. National
 Governor General
- Equivalent to the President
- serves as the legislative, judicial, and even as an executive
- makes a law and these laws are called “Actos Acordados”
- has a power of Complace (‘Cumplase’), wherein he can follow/obey or disobey the order of the
King of Spain
- serves as the judge of the Supreme Court (‘Audiencia Real’ or ‘Royal Audiencia’)
- when there is an accusation/complain against him, he can investigate before doing some act; this
investigation is known as “Visitador”
- well known Governor Generals:
 Carlos dela Torre
- the Liberal Spanish Governor
- first Governor General to be serenaded by Filipinos because of his equal treatment to
everybody
 Rafael Izquierdo
- opposite of Carlos dela Torre
 Narciso Claveria
- said that Filipinos should change their surnames
 Ramon Blanco
- gave permit to Rizal to go to Cuba to serve as a doctor and practice his profession there
- but Rizal wasn’t able to go there because before he could even leave, he was captured
and jailed (in Fort Santiago)
 Emilio Terrero
- invited Rizal to Intramuros and even asked him a copy of his to novels
 Eulogio Despujol
- exiled Rizal to Dapitan
 Camilo Garcia de Polavieja
- executed Rizal

D. Economic Aspect
 Forced Labor
- rendering of service of the Filipinos of the native to the Spaniards
- also known as “Polo & Serbisyo”
- starts at the age of 16 and above
- people who render service are called ‘Polista’
- people who’d rather pay than render service are called ‘Falla’
 Taxation
- paying or tax (buwis)
- existence of Sedula
 Propaganda (Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena) fought in a reformed
way through writings, while Katipunan (Bonifacio) wanted blood to be shed.
 Encomienda System
- refers to partial of land that is being thieved from Filipinos
- Two types: Royal and Private
- Royal Encomienda, owned by the Royal Spanish Crown
- Private Encomienda, owned by private people or some institutions (Catholic churches and schools)

E. Food & Dress/Cultural Aspect of the People at that time

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 What is Culture?
- way of living
- system of living
What is the difference between the system of living during the past to the present?
- back then it was just simple, now it’s complicated
What are the foods back then that are still being eaten today?
- Adobo

F. Religion
I. Frailocracy
- wherein the friars are being given a position in the government by the Governor General
- more powerful than the Governor General, because of their direct connection to the King of Spain
(ex. Blanco being replaced by Polavieja)
II. Secularization Controversy
- time wherein the Filipino priests were given positions in the Pharisees, when the Jesuit priests were
exiled
- Priests are called Clergy, and there are two types: Regular and Secular
- Regular Clergies are the Spanish priests
- Secular Clergies are the Filipino priests (ex. GomBurZa)
- There became a conflict from the Spanish priests to the Filipino priests, they claimed that the latter
were uneducated and not rightful for their position as parish priests
- The Governor General at that time—Rafael Izquierdo—wanted the GomBurZa to be abducted by the
authorities but he didn’t have any valid reason to
- Cavite Mutiny, a.k.a. “Cavite of 1872” is the war/struggle/revolt of Caviteños against the Spaniards;
this is headed by La Madrid
- La Madrid said that the sound of a gunshot was the signal for them to start the revolt, but at that
time there was a fiesta in Sampaloc and they mistakenly thought that the firework was a gunshot
- GomBurZa, was abducted and fake-trialed with a paid witness named Saldua. Then they were
executed

G. Characteristic of Culture
I. Culture can be a subject to change
 Pagma-mano (Spanish for Hand)
 The use of Belo
- used as a status symbol depending on the size, color, and shape
 Priests back then perform Mass facing the altar (sermons on the Pulpit, ‘Pulpito’)
II. Culture can be passed from one generation to the next
III. Culture can be learned and adapted
 Babies at the age of 2 to 3 months are already being taught

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