COC 4 - Pratice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures

COMPETENCY - BASED LEARNING
MATERIAL
Sector
TOURISM
Qualification Title
BREAD AND PASTRY PRODUCTION

NCII
Unit of Competency
PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PROCEDURES
Module Title
PRACTICING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PROCEDURES
EASTERN MINDANAO COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

Broca Street, San Jose District, Pagadian City
1 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

CBLM 001
June 2018 Issued by:
Bread and Pastry
Production NCII Date Revised: EMCT
June 2018
“Practice Occupational Health
and Safety Procedures” Developed by:
ALLAN D. BOLAÑO, JR. REVISION # OI
HOUSEKEEPING NC II
COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
List of Competencies
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
PARTICIPATE IN PARTICIPATING IN
1. WORKPLACE WORKPLACE 500311105
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
WORK IN A TEAM WORKING IN A TEAM 500311106

2.
ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT
PRACTICE CAREER PRACTICING CAREER 500311107

3.
PROFESSIONALISM PROFESSIONALISM
PRACTICE
PRACTICING
OCCUPATIONAL
OCCUPATIONAL 500311108
4. HEALTH AND
HEALTH AND SAFETY
SAFETY
PROCEDURES
PROCEDURES

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND

SAFETY PROCEDURES
MODULE TITLE: PRACTICING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This module covers the outcomes required

to comply with regulatory and organizational requirements for
occupational health and safety
NOMINAL DURATION: 5 hours
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the module the trainees/students should be able to:

LO1. Identify hazards and risks
LO2. Evaluate hazards and risks
LO3. Control hazards and risks
LO4. Maintain OHS awareness

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 1
Identify Hazards and Risks
Contents:
1. Safety Regulations
2. Hazards/Risk
3. Contingency Measures
Assessment Criteria
1. Safety regulations and workplace safety and hazard control practices

and procedures are clarified and explained based on organization
procedures
2. Hazards/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are
identified to minimize or eliminate risk to co-workers, workplace and
environment in accordance with organization procedures
3. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other
emergencies are recognized and established in accordance with
organization procedures
Conditions
The students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

1. Workplace
2. PPE
3. Learning Guides
4. Hand-outs
• Organizational Safety and Health Protocol
• OHS Indicators
• Threshold Limit Value
• Hazards/Risk Identification and Control
5. CDs, VHS tapes, transparences
Assessment Method:
1. Written Test
2. Observation
3. Simulation
4. Role Playing
CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome 1
Identify Hazards and Risks
Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read the information Sheet No. 4-1.1 Read information sheet and answer
on “Identify Hazards and Risk” Self-Check, you are not allowed to
move to the next Information sheet
Answer Self-checked No. 4-1.1
if you will not get a perfect score in
your self-check. Compare your
answers to the given answer key.
Attend lecture about Terms and You have to gain at least 80% score
definitions relating to Safety in your Quiz to continue to the next
Regulation activity
Answer short quiz
Answer short quiz “Safety You need to perform the task 100%
Regulation” in order to move to the next activity
Answer Self Check No. 4-1.1

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Information Sheet 4.1-1
“SAFETY REGULATIONS”
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able:
1. To explain the functions and credo of OSHC
2. To appreciate the importance of OSHC
History
Created by virtue of Executive Order No. 307, on November 1987 by then

President Corazon C. Aquino, the OSHC is envisioned as the national
authority for research and training on matters pertaining to safety and health
at work. It provides the expertise and intervention mechanism to improve
workplace conditions in the Philippines.
It has a dual mandate of protecting Filipino workers against accidents and

illnesses and promoting workers' welfare through effective programs that
enhance productivity, workers well-being and afford social protection to its
client sector. The Center adopts a multi-sectorial strategy with its partners --
business, workers group, other Government and Non-Governmental
Organizations and the Academe to fulfill its mandate.
The OSHC has been designated as the national CIS Center for the Philippines
on July 1991 to become the focal agency which receives and disseminates
information matters from CIS Center in Geneva and the Asia-Pacific Regional
Program on Occupational Safety and Health based in Bangkok which is under
the International Labour Organization (ILO) to members of the inter-agency
committee and other data users in the Philippines. This is consistent with its
critical responsibility to provide access and improve the quality of
Occupational Safety and Health information in the Philippine workplace.
FUNCTIONS
Undertake continuing studies and researches on occupational safety and
health.
 Plan, develop and implement occupational safety and health training
programs.
 Serve as clearing house for occupational safety and health information,
methods, techniques, and approaches; and, institute an information
dissemination mechanism.
 Monitor work environment and conduct medical examinations of
workers.
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June 2018
 Serve as duly recognized agency for testing and setting standard
specifications of Personal Protective Equipment and other safety
devices.
 Assist other GO's in policy and standards formulation on occupational
safety and health matters; issue technical guidelines for prevention of
occupational disease and accidents.
 Enlist assistance of GO's and NGO's in achieving the objectives of the
Center.
 Perform such other acts appropriate for attainment of the above
functions and enforcement of the provisions of Executive Order 307.
OSHC CREDO
O - Outstanding professionalism
S - Service with dedication
H - Honesty and integrity
C - Competent workforce
Occupational safety and health (OSH), also commonly referred to

as occupational health and safety (OHS), occupational health, or workplace
health and safety (WHS), is a multidisciplinary field concerned with
the safety, health, and welfare of people at work. These terms also refer to the
goals of this field, so their use in the sense of this article was originally an
abbreviation of occupational safety and health program/department etc.
The goals of occupational safety and health programs include to foster a safe
and healthy work environment. OSH may also protect co-workers, family
members, employers, customers, and many others who might be affected by
the workplace environment. In the United States, the term occupational
health and safety is referred to as occupational health and occupational and
non-occupational safety and includes safety for activities outside of work.

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Concerned about health and safety on the job?
Learn about your rights under OSHA law, and how to take action if you think
something is wrong.
Know Your Rights

Under federal law, you are entitled to a safe workplace. Your employer must
provide a workplace free of known health and safety hazards. If you have
concerns, you have the right to speak up about them without fear of
retaliation. You also have the right to:
 Be trained in a language you understand
 Work on machines that are safe
 Be provided required safety gear, such as gloves or a harness and
lifeline for falls
 Be protected from toxic chemicals
 Request an OSHA inspection, and speak to the inspector
 Report an injury or illness, and get copies of your medical records
 See copies of the workplace injury and illness log
 Review records of work-related injuries and illnesses
 Get copies of test results done to find hazards in the workplace
How to File a Safety and Health Complaint

The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 gives employees and their
representatives the right to file a complaint and request an OSHA inspection
of their workplace if they believe there is a serious hazard or their employer is
not following OSHA standards. Workers do not have to know whether a
specific OSHA standard has been violated in order to file a complaint. The
complaint should be filed as soon as possible after noticing the hazard or lack
of compliance because OSHA citations may only be issued for violations that
currently exist or existed in the past 6 months.
Complaints from workers or their representatives are taken seriously by
OSHA. OSHA will keep your information confidential.

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Self- Check 4-1.1
Instruction: Essay
1. Explain the rights of the employees?

2. How to file a safety and health complaint?
3. Explain the functions of OSHC

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
ANSWER KEY 4-1.1
1. Know Your Rights

Under federal law, you are entitled to a safe workplace. Your employer must
provide a workplace free of known health and safety hazards. If you have
concerns, you have the right to speak up about them without fear of
retaliation. You also have the right to:
 Be trained in a language you understand
 Work on machines that are safe
 Be provided required safety gear, such as gloves or a harness and
lifeline for falls
 Be protected from toxic chemicals
 Request an OSHA inspection, and speak to the inspector
 Report an injury or illness, and get copies of your medical records
 See copies of the workplace injury and illness log
 Review records of work-related injuries and illnesses
 Get copies of test results done to find hazards in the workplace
2. How to File a Safety and Health Complaint
The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 gives employees and
their representatives the right to file a complaint and request an OSHA
inspection of their workplace if they believe there is a serious hazard or
their employer is not following OSHA standards. Workers do not have
to know whether a specific OSHA standard has been violated in order
to file a complaint. The complaint should be filed as soon as possible
after noticing the hazard or lack of compliance because OSHA citations
may only be issued for violations that currently exist or existed in the
past 6 months.
Complaints from workers or their representatives are taken seriously
by OSHA. OSHA will keep your information confidential.
3. FUNCTIONS
Undertake continuing studies and researches on occupational safety and
health.
4. Plan, develop and implement occupational safety and health training
programs.
5. Serve as clearing house for occupational safety and health information,
methods, techniques, and approaches; and, institute an information
dissemination mechanism.
6. Monitor work environment and conduct medical examinations of
workers.
7. Serve as duly recognized agency for testing and setting standard
specifications of Personal Protective Equipment and other safety
devices.
8. Assist other GO's in policy and standards formulation on occupational
safety and health matters; issue technical guidelines for prevention of
occupational disease and accidents.
CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
9. Enlist assistance of GO's and NGO's in achieving the objectives of the
Center.
10. Perform such other acts appropriate for attainment of the above
functions and enforcement of the provisions of Executive Order 307.

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
TASK SHEET 4-1.1
Title: SAFETY REGULATION
Performance Objective:
Given equipment and complete materials, the
student should be able to know the safety
regulations
Supplies/Materials :
Equipment :
Steps/Procedure:
Assessment Method:
 Quiz
 Individual and Group Presentation
 Periodical Exam
 Reflectionaire
 Observation

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Performance Criteria Checklist 4-1.1
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
“HAZARD/RISK”
1. To differentiate hazard and risk
2. To discuss the steps of risk assessment
What is the difference between a 'hazard' and a 'risk'?

A hazard is something that can
cause harm, e.g. electricity,
chemicals, working up a ladder,
noise, a keyboard, a bully at
work, stress, etc.
A risk is the chance, high or
low, that any hazard will
actually cause somebody harm.
For example, working alone
away from your office can be a hazard. The risk of personal danger may be
high. Electric cabling is a hazard. If it has snagged on a sharp object, the
exposed wiring places it in a 'high-risk' category.
What is a risk assessment?
The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) says: "A risk assessment is nothing
more than a careful examination of what, in your work, could cause harm to
people."
Employers have a duty under the Management of Health and Safety at Work
Regulations 1999 to carry out risk assessments to identify what hazards exist
in a workplace, and how likely these hazards are to cause harm. They must
then decide what prevention or control measures are needed.
How should employers carry out a risk assessment?
Employers must follow the HSE's advice set out in Risk Assessment – a brief
guide to controlling risks in the workplace (PDF, 226KB).They should not only
walk around the workplace and inspect for any hazards, but consult you
about the hazards you face and liaise with recognized safety reps when
carrying out a risk assessment.

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Who should carry out a risk assessment?
Your employer. But the person nominated to take charge of health and safety
where you work must be a 'competent person'.
The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 define a
competent person as someone with 'sufficient knowledge and experience' to
do the job properly.
Where a union is recognized, employers must consult with safety reps as part
of the risk assessment.
Employers are responsible for carrying out the assessment, and for any steps
that they need to take to eliminate or control risk. Sometimes safety reps are
asked to sign risk assessments as the competent person. This is not
appropriate. Risk assessments should only be signed by management or the
workplace safety officer.
What are the five steps to risk assessment?

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) advises employers to follow five steps
when carrying out a workplace risk assessment:
Step 1: Identify hazards, i.e. anything that may cause harm.

Employers have a duty to assess the health and safety risks faced by
their workers. Your employer must systematically check for possible physical,
mental, chemical and biological hazards.
This is one common classification of hazards:
 Physical: e.g. lifting, awkward postures, slips and trips, noise, dust,
machinery, computer equipment, etc.
 Mental: e.g. excess workload, long hours, working with high-need
clients, bullying, etc. These are also called 'psychosocial' hazards,
affecting mental health and occurring within working relationships.
 Chemical: e.g. asbestos, cleaning fluids, aerosols, etc.
 Biological: including tuberculosis, hepatitis and other infectious
diseases faced by healthcare workers, home care staff and other
healthcare professionals.
Step 2: Decide who may be harmed, and how.

Identifying who is at risk starts with your organisation's own full- and part-
time employees. Employers must also assess risks faced by agency
and contract staff, visitors, clients and other members of the public on their
premises.
Employers must review work routines in all the different locations and
situations where their staff are employed. For example:

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
 Home care supervisors must take due account of their client's personal
safety in the home, and ensure safe working and lifting arrangements
for their own home care staff.
 In a supermarket, hazards are found in the repetitive tasks at the
checkout, in lifting loads, and in slips and trips from spillages and
obstacles in the shop and storerooms. Staff face the risk of violence
from customers and intruders, especially in the evenings.
 In call centres, workstation equipment (i.e. desk, screen, keyboard and
chair) must be adjusted to suit each employee.
Employers have special duties towards the health and safety of young
workers, disabled employees, nightworkers, shiftworkers, and pregnant or
breastfeeding women.
Step 3: Assess the risks and take action.

This means employers must consider how likely it is that each hazard could
cause harm. This will determine whether or not your employer should reduce
the level of risk. Even after all precautions have been taken, some risk usually
remains. Employers must decide for each remaining hazard whether the risk
remains high, medium or low.
Step 4: Make a record of the findings.

Employers with five or more staff are required to record in writing the main
findings of the risk assessment. This record should include details of any
hazards noted in the risk assessment, and action taken to reduce or eliminate
risk.
This record provides proof that the assessment was carried out, and is used
as the basis for a later review of working practices. The risk assessment is a
working document. You should be able to read it. It should not be locked away
in a cupboard.
Step 5: Review the risk assessment.

A risk assessment must be kept under review in order to:
 Ensure that agreed safe working practices continue to be applied (e.g.
that management's safety instructions are respected by supervisors and
line managers); and
 Take account of any new working practices, new machinery or more
demanding work targets.

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
How should my employer deal with hazards?
The basic rule is that employers must adapt the work to the worker. The key
aims of risk assessment are to:
 prioritise the risks – i.e. rank them in order of seriousness; and
 make all risks small – the two main options here are to:
 eliminate the hazard altogether; or
 if this is not possible, control the risks so that harm is unlikely.
The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 set out
safety management guidance for employers for tackling risks, which you can
find in schedule 1 (General Principles of Prevention). The basic approach is
also known as a 'hierarchy of control' because it sets out the order in which
employers must approach risk management:
1. Substitution (i.e. try a risk-free or less risky option).
2. Prevention (e.g. erect a machine guard, or add a non-slip surface to a
pathway).
3. Reorganise work to reduce exposure to a risk. A basic rule is to adapt
the work to the worker. In an office, ensure chairs and display screen
equipment (DSE) are adjustable to the individual, and plan all work
involving a computer to include regular breaks. For monotonous or
routine work, introduce work variety and greater control over work. In
call centres, introduce work variety by providing work off the phones
and varying the type of calls handled.
4. As a last resort, issue personal protective equipment (PPE) to all staff at
risk, and make sure they are trained in when and how to use this
equipment, such as appropriate eye protection, gloves, special clothing,
footwear.
5. Provide training in safe working systems.
6. Provide information on likely hazards and how to avoid them.
7. Provide social and welfare facilities, such as washing facilities for the
removal of contamination, or a rest room.
How often should a risk assessment take place?

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) says risk should be assessed "every
time there are new machines, substances and procedures, which could lead
to new hazards."
An employer should carry out a risk assessment:
 whenever a new job brings in significant new hazards. If there is high
staff turnover, then the way new staff do their work should be checked
against the risk assessment, and training provided in safe working
practices if necessary;

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June 2018
 whenever something happens to alert the employer to the presence of a
hazard – for example, an unusual volume of sickness absence,
complaints of stress and bullying, or unusually high staff turnover;
 in response to particular changes to the level of risk to
individual employees – for example, where an employee returns to work
after a period of long-term sickness absence; or
 Where an employee is pregnant or breastfeeding and her work might
involve a risk to her or her unborn child’s health and safety. (Regulation
16, Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999).

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Self- Check 4-1.2
Instruction:
1. What is the difference between hazard and risk?

2. Who should carry out a risk assessment?
3. How should employer deal with hazards?

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
ANSWER KEY 4-1.2
1. What is the difference between a 'hazard' and a 'risk'?

A hazard is something that can cause harm, e.g. electricity, chemicals,
working up a ladder, noise, a keyboard, a bully at work, stress, etc.
A risk is the chance, high or low, that any hazard will actually cause
somebody harm.
For example, working alone away from your office can be a hazard. The risk
of personal danger may be high. Electric cabling is a hazard. If it has snagged
on a sharp object, the exposed wiring places it in a 'high-risk' category.
2. Who should carry out a risk assessment?

Your employer. But the person nominated to take charge of health and safety
where you work must be a 'competent person'.
The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 define a
competent person as someone with 'sufficient knowledge and experience' to
do the job properly.
Where a union is recognized, employers must consult with safety reps as part
of the risk assessment.
Employers are responsible for carrying out the assessment, and for any steps
that they need to take to eliminate or control risk. Sometimes safety reps are
asked to sign risk assessments as the competent person. This is not
appropriate. Risk assessments should only be signed by management or the
workplace safety officer.
3. How should my employer deal with hazards?
The basic rule is that employers must adapt the work to the worker. The key
aims of risk assessment are to:
 Priorities the risks – i.e. rank them in order of seriousness; and
 Make all risks small – the two main options here are to:
 Eliminate the hazard altogether; or
 If this is not possible, control the risks so that harm is unlikely.

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
TASK SHEET 4-1.2
Title: HAZARD/RISK
student should be able to know the different types
of hazards/risk
Equipment :
Steps/Procedure:
Assessment Method:
 Quiz
 Periodical Exam
 Reflectionaire
 Observation

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
“CONTINGENCY MEASURES”
1. To discuss a contingency plan
2. To create a contingency plan
Contingency Plan
A contingency plan is a course of action designed to help an organization
respond effectively to a significant future event or situation that may or may
not happen.
A contingency plan is sometimes referred to as "Plan B," because it can be
also used as an alternative for action if expected results fail to materialize.
Contingency planning is a component of business continuity, disaster
recovery and risk management.
The seven-steps outlined for an IT contingency plan in the NIST 800-34 Rev.
1 publication are:
1. Develop the contingency planning policy statement. A formal policy
provides the authority and guidance necessary to develop an effective
contingency plan.
2. Conduct the business impact analysis (BIA). The BIA helps identify and
prioritize information systems and components critical to supporting the
organization’s mission/business functions.
3. Identify preventive controls. Measures taken to reduce the effects of system
disruptions can increase system availability and reduce contingency life cycle
costs.
4. Create contingency strategies. Thorough recovery strategies ensure that
the system may be recovered quickly and effectively following a disruption.
5. Develop an information system contingency plan. The contingency plan
should contain detailed guidance and procedures for restoring a damaged
system unique to the system’s security impact level and recovery
requirements.
6. Ensure plan testing, training and exercises. Testing validates recovery
capabilities, whereas training prepares recovery personnel for plan activation
and exercising the plan identifies planning gaps; combined, the activities
improve plan effectiveness and overall organization preparedness.
7. Ensure plan maintenance. The plan should be a living document that is
updated regularly to remain current with system enhancements and
organizational changes.
CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Make a plan & a contingency plan BEFORE disaster strikes.
Emergencies/Disasters can happen with little or no warning. You may need
to leave your home, your neighborhood or even your community. Every
person & family needs to know what to do if water, gas, electricity or phone
were cut off. You need a plan. Help may or may not be available. The
Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) launched www.ready.gov to help you prepare for any
emergency/disaster that may arise.
Some preparedness tips provided include:
 Know the hazards that occur in the area.
 Learn the evacuation routes and shelter locations -- Start by
contacting your local emergency management office. Do an online
search using the key word " YOUR CITY + emergency management
office" or contact your local American Red Cross chapter
 Have an emergency or disaster kit ready.
 Know how to reconnect with people following an emergency -- The
plans should include meeting places in case the family members are
separated. Complete a contact card and give one to each family
member and instruct them to keep the card in a wallet, purse, or
backpack. The Contact Card is provided by the CDC (Center for
Disease Control). Fill it out and give a copy to each family member.
 Learn emergency skills including how to use a fire extinguisher and
first aid.
Below is a partial list of Emergency/Disaster Response Resources:

 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
 U.S. Homeland Security Department
 OSHA's Emergency Preparedness & Response information
 U.S. Government-Ready.gov
 U.S. Transportation Security Administration

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June 2018
The following are general guidelines of steps to
take. Remember evacuations should be done quickly. Make
a prioritized list NOW of the items you need to bring with you.
 Sign up for emergency alerts or subscribe to an emergency alert
system- These pages describes warning alerts you can receive & the
devices that receive the alerts.
 Family Emergency Communication Planning Document - a download
from FEMA.
 Create a Grab & Go Binder to take with you. It includes ID, legal docs
and other family records.
 Create and take your emergency 72 hour or Bug-Out kit. Include a 3
days supply of medications in your Bug-Out kit.
Should your have to evacuate:

 Wear protective clothing and sturdy shoes. (This means no flip-flops!)
 Turn off mains - gas, electricity, & water; close all interior doors.
 Turn off all appliances and electronics.
 Extinguish all candles.
 Leave a note (on the wall in permanent marker near the exit door)
telling others where you have gone and who is with you.
 Close & lock all windows & exterior doors.
 Go to your appointed emergency evacuation center and check in with
the person in charge.
Simple Steps to being Prepared:

 Teach children how and when to call 911 for help
 Stock up on Food & Water
 Grow your own food
 Keep a spare tire in case one becomes flat
 Have pre-planned places of shelter
 Have a evacuation plan for emergencies
 Post emergency telephone numbers by home phones or save them in
your cell phone (fire, police, ambulance, etc.)
 Keep first-aide supplied on hand & learn how to administer first aide
 Store flashlights, batteries in each room
 Make sure that you have current maps of your area
 Equip your home & shelter with a fire extinguisher
 Set cash (small bills) aside

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Self- Check 4-1.3
Instruction: Enumerative Essay
1. Enumerate and explain the seven-steps outlined for a contingency

plan?
2. What are the partial list of Emergency/Disaster Response Resources?

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
ANSWER KEY 4-1.3
1. Enumerate and explain the seven-steps outlined for a contingency plan?

contingency plan.
costs.
requirements.
2. What are the partial list of Emergency/Disaster Response Resources?


CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
TASK SHEET 4-1.3
Title: CONTIGENCY MEASURES
student should be able to know the contingency
measures
Equipment :
Steps/Procedure:
Assessment Method:
 Quiz
 Periodical Exam
 Reflectionaire
 Observation

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Evaluate hazards and risks
Contents:
1. Threshold Limit Values (TLV) Table

2. Effects of hazards in the workplace
3. Ergonomics
4. EGG Regulations
Assessment Criteria
1. Terms of maximum tolerable limits which when exceeded will result in

harm or damage are identified based on threshold limit values (TLV)
2. Effects of the hazards are determined

3. OHS issues and/or concerns and identified safety hazards are reported
to designated personnel in accordance with workplace requirements
and relevant workplace OHS legislation
Conditions
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:

1. Hand outs on
•Phil. OHS Standards
•Effects of hazards in the workplace
•Ergonomics
•EGG regulations
2. TLV Table
3. CD’s, VHS tapes, transparencies
Assessment Method:
1. Interview
2. Written Exam
3. Simulation

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Learning Outcome 2
Evaluate hazards and risks
on “Evaluate hazards and risks” Self-Check, you are not allowed to
definitions relating to threshold limit in your Quiz to continue to the next
values (TLV) table activity
Answer short quiz
Answer short quiz “Threshold Limit You need to perform the task 100%
Values (TLV) table” in order to move to the next activity

CBLM 001
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“THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES (TLV) TABLES”
1. To identify the threshold limit value
2. To explain the hierarchy for effective and efficient protection of
workers and communities
Definitions
The TLV for chemical substances is defined as a concentration in air, typically
for inhalation or skin exposure. Its units are in parts per million (ppm)
for gases and in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3) for particulates such
as dust, smoke and mist. The basic formula for converting between ppm and
mg/m3 for gases is ppm = (mg/m^3) * 24.45 / molecular weight. This formula
is not applicable to airborne particles.
Three types of TLVs for chemical substances are defined:
 Threshold limit value − time-weighted average (TLV-TWA): average
exposure on the basis of a 8h/day, 40h/week work schedule
 Threshold limit value − short-term exposure limit (TLV-STEL): spot
exposure for a duration of 15 minutes, that cannot be repeated more
than 4 times per day with at least 60 minutes between exposure periods
 Threshold limit value − ceiling limit (TLV-C): absolute exposure limit
that should not be exceeded at any time
There are TLVs for physical agents as well as chemical substances. TLVs for
physical agents include those for noise exposure, vibration, ionizing and non-
ionizing radiation exposure and heat and cold stress.
The threshold limit value (TLV) of a chemical substance is believed to be a

level to which a worker can be exposed day after day for a working lifetime
without adverse effects. Strictly speaking, TLV is a reserved term of
the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
TLVs issued by the ACGIH are the most widely accepted occupational
exposure limits both in the United States and most other countries. However,
it is sometimes loosely used to refer to other similar concepts used
in occupational health and toxicology, such as acceptable daily intake (ADI)
and tolerable daily intake (TDI). Concepts such as TLV, ADI, and TDI can be
compared to the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in animal testing,
but whereas a NOAEL can be established experimentally during a short
period, TLV, ADI, and TDI apply to human beings over a lifetime and thus are
harder to test empirically and are usually set at lower levels. TLVs, along with
biological exposure indices (BEIs), are published annually by the ACGIH.
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The TLV is an estimate based on the known toxicity in humans or animals of
a given chemical substance, and the reliability and accuracy of the latest
sampling and analytical methods. It is not a static definition since new
research can often modify the risk assessment of substances and
new laboratory or instrumental analysis methods can improve
analytical detection
limits. The TLV is a
recommendation by
ACGIH, with only a
guideline status. As
such, it should not be
confused with
exposure limits having
a regulatory status,
like those published
and enforced by
the Occupational
Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA). The OSHA regulatory exposure limits permissible

exposure limits (PELs) published in 29CFR 1910.1000 Table Z1 are based on
recommendations made by the ACGIH in 1968, although other exposure
limits were adopted more recently. Many OSHA exposure limits are not
considered by the industrial hygiene community to be sufficiently protective
levels since the toxicological basis for most limits have not been updated since
the 1960s. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
publishes recommended exposure limits (RELs) which OSHA takes into
consideration when promulgating new regulatory exposure limits.
Defining acceptable exposure

The TLV and most other occupational exposure limits are based on available
toxicology and epidemiology data to protect nearly all workers over a working
lifetime. Exposure assessments in occupational settings are most often
performed by Occupational / Industrial Hygiene (OH/IH) professionals who
gather "Basic Characterization" consisting of all relevant information and data
related to workers, agents of concern, materials, equipment and available
exposure controls. The exposure assessment is initiated by selecting the
appropriate exposure limit averaging time and "decision statistic" for the
agent. Typically the statistic for deciding acceptable exposure is chosen to be
the majority (90%, 95% or 99%) of all exposures to be below the selected
occupational exposure limit. For retrospective exposure assessments
performed in occupational environments, the "decision statistic" is typically a
central tendency such as the mean or geometric mean or median for each
worker or group of workers. Methods for performing occupational exposure
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assessments can be found in "A Strategy for Assessing and Managing
Occupational Exposures, Third Edition Edited by Joselito S. Ignacio and
William H. Bullock".

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Self- Check 3-2.1
Instruction: Essay
1. What is TLV?
2. What are the three types TLV?

CBLM 001
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ANSWER KEY 3-2.1
1. What is TLV
The TLV for chemical substances is defined as a concentration in air, typically
for inhalation or skin exposure. Its units are in parts per million (ppm)
for gases and in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3) for particulates such
as dust, smoke and mist. The basic formula for converting between ppm and
mg/m3 for gases is ppm = (mg/m^3) * 24.45 / molecular weight. This formula
is not applicable to airborne particles.
2. Three types of TLVs for chemical substances are defined:
 Threshold limit value − time-weighted average (TLV-TWA): average
exposure on the basis of a 8h/day, 40h/week work schedule
 Threshold limit value − short-term exposure limit (TLV-STEL): spot
exposure for a duration of 15 minutes, that cannot be repeated more
than 4 times per day with at least 60 minutes between exposure periods
 Threshold limit value − ceiling limit (TLV-C): absolute exposure limit
that should not be exceeded at any time

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TASK SHEET 4-2.1
Title: THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES
student should be able to know and understand
the threshold limit values
Equipment :
Steps/Procedure:
2. To explain the hierarchy for effective and efficient protection of
workers and communities
Assessment Method:
 Quiz
 Periodical Exam
 Reflectionaire
 Observation

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CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
2. To explain the hierarchy for effective and
efficient protection of workers and communities.

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June 2018
“EFFECTS OF HAZARD IN THE WORKPLACE”
1. To identify the examples of hazards in the workplace
2. To differentiate harm and hazard
What is a hazard?
The meaning of the word hazard can be confusing. Often dictionaries do not
give specific definitions or combine it with the term "risk". For example, one
dictionary defines hazard as "a danger or risk" which helps explain why many
people use the terms interchangeably.
There are many definitions for hazard but the most common definition when
talking about workplace health and safety is:
A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on
something or someone.
The CSA Z1002 Standard "Occupational health and safety - Hazard
identification and elimination and risk assessment and control" uses the
following terms:
 Harm - physical injury or damage to health.
 Hazard - a potential source of harm to a worker.
Basically, a hazard is the potential for harm or an adverse effect (for example,
to people as health effects, to organizations as property or equipment losses,
or to the environment).
Sometimes the resulting harm is referred to as the hazard instead of the
actual source of the hazard. For example, the disease tuberculosis (TB) might
be called a "hazard" by some but, in general, the TB-causing bacteria
(Mycobacterium tuberculosis) would be considered the "hazard" or "hazardous
biological agent".

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What are examples of a hazard?
Workplace hazards can come from a wide range of sources. General examples
include any substance, material, process, practice, etc. that has the ability to
cause harm or adverse health effect to a person or property. See Table 1.
Table 1
Examples of Hazards and Their Effects
Workplace Hazard Example of Hazard Example of Harm Caused
Thing Knife Cut
Substance Benzene Leukemia
Material Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis
Source of Energy Electricity Shock, electrocution
Condition Wet floor Slips, falls
Process Welding Metal fume fever
Practice Hard rock mining Silicosis
Behaviour Bullying Anxiety, fear, depression
Workplace hazards also include practices or conditions that release

uncontrolled energy like:
 an object that could fall from a height (potential or gravitational energy),
 a run-away chemical reaction (chemical energy),
 the release of compressed gas or steam (pressure; high temperature),
 entanglement of hair or clothing in rotating equipment (kinetic energy),
or
 contact with electrodes of a battery or capacitor (electrical energy).
What is risk?
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience
an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations
with property or equipment loss, or harmful effects on the environment.
The CSA Z1002 Standard "Occupational health and safety - Hazard
identification and elimination and risk assessment and control" uses the
following terms:
Risk – the combination of the likelihood of the occurrence of a harm and the
severity of that harm.
Likelihood – the chance of something happening.
Note: In risk assessment terminology, the word “likelihood” is used to refer to
the chance of something happening, whether defined, measured, or
determined objectively or subjectively, qualitatively or quantitatively, and
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described using general terms or mathematically (e.g., a probability or a
frequency over a given time period).
For example: the risk of developing cancer from smoking cigarettes could be
expressed as:
 "cigarette smokers are 12 times (for example) more likely to die of lung
cancer than non-smokers", or
 "the number per 100,000 smokers who will develop lung cancer" (actual
number depends on factors such as their age and how many years they
have been smoking). These risks are expressed as a probability or
likelihood of developing a disease or getting injured, whereas hazard
refers to the agent responsible (i.e. smoking).
Factors that influence the degree or likelihood of risk are:
 the nature of the exposure: how much a person is exposed to a
hazardous thing or condition (e.g., several times a day or once a year),
 how the person is exposed (e.g., breathing in a vapour, skin contact),
and
 the severity of the effect. For example, one substance may cause skin
cancer, while another may cause skin irritation. Cancer is a much more
serious effect than irritation.
What is a risk assessment?

Risk assessment is the process where you:
 Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm
(hazard identification).
 Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard (risk analysis,
and risk evaluation).
 Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk
when the hazard cannot be eliminated (risk control).
The OSH Answers document on Risk Assessment has details on how to
conduct an assessment and establish priorities.
What is an adverse health effect?

A general definition of adverse health effect is "any change in body function
or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems".
Adverse health effects include:
 bodily injury,
 disease,
 change in the way the body functions, grows, or develops,
 effects on a developing fetus (teratogenic effects, fetotoxic effects),
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 effects on children, grandchildren, etc. (inheritable genetic effects)
 decrease in life span,
 change in mental condition resulting from stress, traumatic
experiences, exposure to solvents, and so on, and
 effects on the ability to accommodate additional stress.
Will exposure to hazards in the workplace always cause injury, illness or

other adverse health effect?
Not necessarily. To answer this question, you need to know:
 what hazards are present,
 how a person is exposed (route of exposure, as well as how often and
how much exposure occurred),
 what kind of effect could result from the specific exposure a person
experienced,
 the risk (or likelihood) that exposure to a hazardous thing or condition
would cause an injury, or disease or some incidence causing damage,
and
 how severe would the damage, injury or harm (adverse health effect) be
from the exposure.
The effects can be acute, meaning that the injury or harm can occur or be felt
as soon as a person comes in contact with the hazardous agent (e.g., a splash
of acid in a person's eyes). Some responses may be chronic (delayed). For
example, exposure to poison ivy may cause red swelling on the skin two to six
hours after contact with the plant. On the other hand, longer delays are
possible: mesothelioma, a kind of cancer in the lining of the lung cavity, can
develop 20 years or more after exposure to asbestos.
Once the hazard is removed or eliminated, the effects may be reversible or
irreversible (permanent). For example, a hazard may cause an injury that can
heal completely (reversible) or result in an untreatable disease (irreversible).
What types of hazards are there?

A common way to classify hazards is by category:
 biological - bacteria, viruses, insects, plants, birds, animals, and
humans, etc.,
 chemical - depends on the physical, chemical and toxic properties of
the chemical,
 ergonomic - repetitive movements, improper set up of workstation, etc.,
 physical - radiation, magnetic fields, pressure extremes (high pressure
or vacuum), noise, etc.,
 psychosocial - stress, violence, etc.,
 safety - slipping/tripping hazards, inappropriate machine guarding,
equipment malfunctions or breakdowns.
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June 2018
Self- Check 4-2.2
Instruction: Fill in the blank
Table 1
Thing
Substance
Material
Source of Energy
Condition
Process
Practice
Behaviour

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ANSWER KEY 4-2.2
Table 1
Thing Knife Cut
Substance Benzene Leukemia
Material Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis
Source of Energy Electricity Shock, electrocution
Condition Wet floor Slips, falls
Process Welding Metal fume fever
Practice Hard rock mining Silicosis
Behaviour Bullying Anxiety, fear, depression

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TASK SHEET 4-2.2
Title: EFFECTS OF HAZARD IN THE WORKPLACE
student should be able to identity effects of
hazards in the workplace
Equipment :
Steps/Procedure:
1. To identify the examples of hazards in the workplace
2. To differentiate harm and hazard
Assessment Method:
 Quiz
 Periodical Exam
 Reflectionaire
 Observation

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CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. To identify the examples of hazards in the
workplace
2. To differentiate harm and hazards

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June 2018
“ERGONOMICS”
1. To identify ergonomic hazards
2. To discuss the major workplace ergonomic risk factors
Ergonomic hazards
An ergonomic hazard is a physical factor within the environment that harms
the musculoskeletal system. Ergonomic hazards include themes such as
repetitive movement, manual handling, workplace/job/task design,
uncomfortable workstation height and poor body positioning.
Ergonomics is the study of how a workplace, the equipment used there and
the work environment itself can best be designed for comfort, efficiency, safety
and productivity. Often we can improve our levels of comfort and productivity
with relatively simple changes.
Although ergonomics is a broad field, the main areas of concern for
workplaces and employees will often relate to:
 workstations (sitting and standing)
 equipment layout and operation
 computer systems
 noise
 lighting
 thermal comfort
 maintenance tasks performed on plant items.
Ergonomic issues can be associated with a wide range of concerns including
the physical design of workstations, workspaces, the working environment,
tools, vehicles, computer programs and plant. It can also involve cognitive
processes such as those involved with workload, decision making, skilled
performance and stress. There are procedures for dealing with all these issues
to make sure any difficulties are addressed.
 Confined spaces
 Virtual office
 Officewise

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Ergonomics can roughly be defined as the study of people in their working
environment. More specifically, an ergonomist (pronounced like economist)
designs or modifies the work to fit the worker, not the other way around. The
goal is to eliminate discomfort and risk of injury due to work. In other words,
the employee is our first priority in analyzing a workstation. Officially:
“Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the
understanding of the interactions among human and other elements of a
system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods
to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system
performance.”
International Ergonomics Association Executive Council, August 2000
When evaluating a job, looking for three main characteristics known as
Ergonomic Stressors: the force required to complete a task, any awkward or
static working postures adopted in completing a task, and the repetitiveness
of a task. Any of these factors, or any combination of these factors, may place
someone at greater risk for discomfort.
Purpose
The Department of Environment, Health and Safety’s (EHS) purpose is to help
all UNC employees create and maintain a healthy and safe working
environment.
Goal
EHS wants to provide information and education to allow any employee to
avoid injury. EHS wants to educate people on the basics of ergonomics. Not
only will they be able to help themselves at work, but these principles can be
applied to home, hobbies or help friends and coworkers who may have similar
issues. Remember, knowledge is contagious.
Services
Services EHS offer include:
 Providing information about ergonomics
 Providing consultation regarding workstation setup
 Giving on-campus training on ergonomics (as requested)
 Providing product evaluations
 Providing an online self-assessment tool. This tool will walk the
individual through a self-evaluation and provide the user with
recommendations to modify their workstation.

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How to Recognize Ergonomic Risk Factors in the Workplace
Recent studies in the field of ergonomics identify both occupational and non-
occupational risk factors which lead to MSDs.
This article focuses on occupational, ergonomic risk factors.
The most important factor that results in the formation of MSD is the balance
between local soft tissue fatigue and the individual’s ability to recover from
this fatigue. Sufficient blood supply is a critical factor in controlling local soft
tissue fatigue.
If an adequate supply of blood flow is maintained to the soft tissues
performing work, metabolic balance can be sustained and excessive fatigue
can be prevented.
One important key to maintaining this critical balance is the relationship
between work and human factors.
Ergonomic Risk Factors

Risk factors related to work activity and ergonomics can make it more difficult
to maintain this balance, and increase the probability that some individuals
may develop a MSD.
The major workplace ergonomic risk factors to consider are:

 High Task Repetition
 Forceful Exertions
 Repetitive/Sustained Awkward Postures
1. High Task Repetition

Many work tasks and cycles are repetitive in nature, and are frequently
controlled by hourly or daily production targets and work processes. High task
repetition, when combined with other risks factors such high force and/or
awkward postures, can contribute to the formation of MSD. A job is
considered highly repetitive if the cycle time is 30 seconds or less.
Control methods to consider:
 Engineering Controls – Eliminating excessive force and awkward
posture requirements will reduce worker fatigue and allow high
repetition tasks to be performed without a significant increase in MSD
risk for most workers.
 Work Practice Controls – Providing safe & effective procedures for
completing work tasks can reduce MSD risk. In addition, workers
should be trained on proper work technique and encouraged to accept
their responsibilities for MSD prevention.
 Job Rotation – Job task enlargement is a way to reduce duration,
frequency and severity of MSD risk factors. Workers can rotate between
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workstations and tasks to avoid prolonged periods of performing a
single task, thereby reducing fatigue that can lead to MSD.
 Counteractive Stretch Breaks – Implement rest or stretch breaks to
provide an opportunity for increased circulation needed for recovery.
2. Forceful Exertions
Many work tasks require high force loads on the human body. Muscle effort
increases in response to high force requirements, increasing associated
fatigue which can lead to MSD.
 Engineering Controls – Eliminating excessive force requirements will
reduce worker fatigue and the risk of MSD formation in most workers.
Using mechanical assists, counter balance systems, adjustable height
lift tables and workstations, powered equipment and ergonomic tools
will reduce work effort and muscle exertions.
 Work Practice Controls – Work process improvements such as using
carts and dollies to reduce lifting and carrying demands, sliding objects
instead of carrying or lifting, and eliminating any reaching obstruction
to reduce the lever arm required to lift the object.
 Proper Body Mechanics – Workers should be trained to use proper
lifting and work techniques to reduce force requirements.
3. Repetitive/Sustained Awkward Postures

Awkward postures place excessive force on joints and overload the muscles
and tendons around the effected joint. Joints of the body are most efficient
when they operate closest to the mid-range motion of the joint. Risk of MSD
is increased when joints are worked outside of this mid-range repetitively or
for sustained periods of time without adequate recovery time.
 Engineering Controls – Eliminate or reduce awkward postures with
ergonomic modifications that seek to maintain joint range of motion to
accomplish work tasks within the mid-range of motion positions for
vulnerable joints. Proper ergonomic tools should be utilized that allow
workers to maintain optimal joint positions.
 Work Practice Controls – Work procedures that consider and reduce
awkward postures should be implemented. In addition, workers should
be trained on proper work technique and encouraged to accept their
responsibility to use their body properly and to avoid awkward postures
whenever possible.
 Job Rotation – Job rotation and job task enlargement is a way to
reduce repeated and sustained awkward postures that can lead to MSD.

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 Counteractive Stretch Breaks – Implement rest or stretch breaks to
provide an opportunity to counteract any repeated or sustained
awkward postures and allow for adequate recovery time.

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Self- Check 4-2.3
Instruction: Enumeration
1. What are the main areas of ergonomic concern for workplaces and
employees will often relate to?
2. What are the major workplace ergonomic risk factors to consider?
3. What are the procedures for dealing with all these issues to make sure
any difficulties?

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ANSWER KEY 4-2.3
1. What are the main areas of ergonomic concern for workplaces and
employees will often relate to?
 workstations (sitting and standing)
 equipment layout and operation
 computer systems
 noise
 lighting
 thermal comfort
 maintenance tasks performed on plant items.
2. What are the major workplace ergonomic risk factors to consider?

 High Task Repetition
 Forceful Exertions
 Repetitive/Sustained Awkward Postures
3. What are the procedures for dealing with all these issues to make sure
any difficulties?
1. Confined spaces
2. Virtual office
3. Officewise

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TASK SHEET 4-2.3
Title: ERGONOMIC
ergonomic
Equipment :
Steps/Procedure:
2. To discuss the major workplace ergonomic risk factors
Assessment Method:
 Quiz
 Periodical Exam
 Reflectionaire
 Observation

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CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
2. To discuss the major workplace ergonomic risk
factors

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Control hazards and risk
Contents:
1. Safety Regulations
Clean Air Act
Electrical and Fire Safety Code
Waste Management
Disaster Preparedness and Management
2. PPE
3. Contingency Measures and Procedures
Assessment Criteria
1. Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) procedures for controlling

hazards/risks in workplace are consistently followed
2. Procedures for dealing with workplace accidents, fire and emergencies
are followed in accordance with organization OHS policies
3. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is correctly used in accordance
with organization OHS procedures and practices
4. Appropriate assistance is provided in the event of a workplace
emergency in accordance with established organization protocol
Conditions

4. Hand-outs on
- Safety Regulations
- Clean Air Act
- Electrical and Fire Safety Code
- Waste management
- Disaster Preparedness and Management
- Contingency Measures and Procedures
2. OHS Personal Records
3. PPE
Assessment Method:
1. Written
2. Interview
3. Case/Situation Analysis
4. Simulation

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Learning Outcome 3
Control hazards and risks
on “Control hazards and risks” Self-Check, you are not allowed to
definitions relating to Safety in your Quiz to continue to the next
Regulations activity
Answer short quiz
Answer short quiz “Safety You need to perform the task 100%
Regulations” in order to move to the next activity

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“SAFETY REGULATIONS – CLEAN AIR ACT, ELECTRICAL
AND FIRE SAFETY CODE, WASTE MANAGEMENT AND
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MANAGEMENT”
1. To identify the safety regulations
2. To explain the implementation of the clean air act
WHAT IS THE CLEAN AIR ACT?

Republic Act No. 8749, otherwise known as the Philippine Clean Air Act, is a
comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to
achieve and maintain healthy air for all Filipinos.
WHAT WILL BE DONE TO POLLUTING INDUSTRIES?

A fine of not more than P100,000 for every day of violation shall be charged
against the owner of a stationary source, until such time that standards have
been met.
For gross violation, the penalty is imprisonment of not less than six years
but not more than 10 years upon the discretion of the court. At the same time,
the Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB) could close the firm through the
issuance of a Cease and Desist Order.
There is gross violation of the law or its rules when any of the following
occurs:
1. Three or more specific offenses within a period of one year.
2. Three or more offenses within three consecutive years.
3. Blatant disregard of the orders of the PAB, such as, but not limited to
the breaking of seals, padlocks and other similar devices, or operating despite
the existence of an order for closure, discontinuance or cessation of operation.
4. Irreparable or grave damage to the environment as a consequence of
any violation or omission of the provisions of the Act or its IRR.

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WHAT WILL BE DONE TO SMOKE BELCHING VEHICLES ON THE ROAD?
Smoke belching vehicles on the road shall be subjected to emission testing by
properly equipped enforcement teams from the DOTC/LTO or its duly
deputized agents. Violators will be subject to the following fines/penalties:
1st offense P1,000
2nd offense P3,000
3rd offense P5,000 plus a seminar on pollution management
WHO SHOULD IMPLEMENT THE CLEAN AIR ACT?

The implementation of the Act is a multi-sectorial undertaking to be
spearheaded by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR). The institutions involved in the implementation of the various
components of the Act are as follows:
A. Mitigation of air pollution from mobile sources
 Motor Vehicle Inspection System:
 Land Transportation Office (LTO)
 Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC)
 private sector groups
Private Emission Testing Centers:
 DOTC-LTO
 Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
 DENR
B. Reduction of emissions from vehicular use

Introduction of emission control technologies:
 DENR
 DOTC
 DTI
 Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
 Automotive industry
Regulation in the importation of second-hand vehicles:

 Bureau of Customs-DOF
 Bureau of Import Services-DTI
 DOTC-LTFRB-LTO

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C. Mitigation of air pollution from stationary sources
Stack monitoring and related permitting:
 EMB and its regional offices
 authorized/recognized private sector groups
Adjudication of air pollution cases:

 Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB)
Funds for the Installation of Air Pollution control Facility:

 Land Bank of the Philippines
 Development Bank of the Philippines
D. Strengthening of ambient air monitoring, reporting ad management

 EMB in cooperation with concerned government agencies
 EMB Regional Offices
E. Improvement of fuel quality

Change in composition of fuel quality:
 Department of energy (DOE)
 DENR
 DTI-Bureau of Product Standards
 DOST
 Chamber of automotive Manufacturers of the Philippines, Inc.
 Oil companies
 NGOs
Examination of potential for alternative fuels:
 DOE
 DOST
F. Reduction in traffic congestion and improvement in traffic flow

Road rehabilitation Program:
 Department of Public Works and Highways
Traffic engineering and Management:
 DOTC
 MMDA
 LGUs
 concerned government agencies
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Transport Policy Studies:
 MMDA
 DOTC-Light Railway Transport Authority
 Philippine National Railway
 LGUs
G. Increasing public awareness
 DENR Public Affairs Office and the Environmental Education and
Information Division-EMB, with Partnership for Clean Air
 relevant government agencies
 Private sector
 Civil society

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Self- Check 4-3.1
Instruction: Essay
1. What will be done to smoke belching vehicles on the road?

2. What is the clean air act?
3. What will be done to polluting industries?

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
ANSWER KEY 4-3.1
1. What will be done to smoke belching vehicles on the road?

Smoke belching vehicles on the road shall be subjected to emission testing by
properly equipped enforcement teams from the DOTC/LTO or its duly
deputized agents. Violators will be subject to the following fines/penalties:
1st offense P1,000
2nd offense P3,000
3rd offense P5,000 plus a seminar on pollution management
2. What is the clean air act?

Republic Act No. 8749, otherwise known as the Philippine Clean Air Act, is a
comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to
achieve and maintain healthy air for all Filipinos.
3. What will be done to polluting industries?

A fine of not more than P100,000 for every day of violation shall be charged
against the owner of a stationary source, until such time that standards have
been met.
For gross violation, the penalty is imprisonment of not less than six years but
not more than 10 years upon the discretion of the court. At the same time,
the Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB) could close the firm through the
issuance of a Cease and Desist Order.

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
TASK SHEET 4-3.1
Title: SAFETY REGULATIONS – CLEAN AIR ACT, ELECTRICAL AND FIRE
SAFETY CODE, WASTE MANAGEMENT, DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
AND MANAGEMENT
the safety regulations – clean-air act, electrical
and fire safety code, waste management, disaster
preparedness and management.
Equipment :
Steps/Procedure:
2. To explain the implementation of the clean air act
Assessment Method:
 Quiz
 Periodical Exam
 Reflectionaire
 Observation

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
2. To explain the implementation of the clean air
act

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
“CONTINGENCY MEASURES AND PROCEDURES”
Contingency Plan
A contingency plan is a course of action designed to help an organization
respond effectively to a significant future event or situation that may or may
not happen.
A contingency plan is sometimes referred to as "Plan B," because it can be
also used as an alternative for action if expected results fail to materialize.
Contingency planning is a component of business continuity, disaster
recovery and risk management.
The seven-steps outlined for an IT contingency plan in the NIST 800-34 Rev.
1 publication are:
contingency plan.
costs.
requirements.
CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Make a plan & a contingency plan BEFORE disaster strikes.
Emergencies/Disasters can happen with little or no warning. You may need
to leave your home, your neighborhood or even your community. Every
person & family needs to know what to do if water, gas, electricity or phone
were cut off. You need a plan. Help may or may not be available. The
Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) launched www.ready.gov to help you prepare for any
emergency/disaster that may arise.
Some preparedness tips provided include:
 Know the hazards that occur in the area.
 Learn the evacuation routes and shelter locations -- Start by
contacting your local emergency management office. Do an online
search using the key word " YOUR CITY + emergency management
office" or contact your local American Red Cross chapter
 Have an emergency or disaster kit ready.
 Know how to reconnect with people following an emergency -- The
plans should include meeting places in case the family members are
separated. Complete a contact card and give one to each family
member and instruct them to keep the card in a wallet, purse, or
backpack. The Contact Card is provided by the CDC (Center for
Disease Control). Fill it out and give a copy to each family member.
 Learn emergency skills including how to use a fire extinguisher and
first aid.
Below is a partial list of Emergency/Disaster Response Resources:


CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
The following are general guidelines of steps to
take. Remember evacuations should be done quickly. Make
a prioritized list NOW of the items you need to bring with you.
 Sign up for emergency alerts or subscribe to an emergency alert
system- These pages describes warning alerts you can receive & the
devices that receive the alerts.
 Family Emergency Communication Planning Document - a download
from FEMA.
 Create a Grab & Go Binder to take with you. It includes ID, legal docs
and other family records.
 Create and take your emergency 72 hour or Bug-Out kit. Include a 3
days supply of medications in your Bug-Out kit.
Should your have to evacuate:

 Wear protective clothing and sturdy shoes. (This means no flip-flops!)
 Turn off mains - gas, electricity, & water; close all interior doors.
 Turn off all appliances and electronics.
 Extinguish all candles.
 Leave a note (on the wall in permanent marker near the exit door)
telling others where you have gone and who is with you.
 Close & lock all windows & exterior doors.
 Go to your appointed emergency evacuation center and check in with
the person in charge.
Simple Steps to being Prepared:

 Teach children how and when to call 911 for help
 Stock up on Food & Water
 Grow your own food
 Keep a spare tire in case one becomes flat
 Have pre-planned places of shelter
 Have a evacuation plan for emergencies
 Post emergency telephone numbers by home phones or save them in
your cell phone (fire, police, ambulance, etc.)
 Keep first-aide supplied on hand & learn how to administer first aide
 Store flashlights, batteries in each room
 Make sure that you have current maps of your area
 Equip your home & shelter with a fire extinguisher
 Set cash (small bills) aside

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Self- Check 4-3.2
Instruction: True or False

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
ANSWER KEY 4-3.2
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. False

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
TASK SHEET 4-3.2
Title: CONTINGENCY MEASURES AND PROCEDURES
Given the complete materials, the student should
be able to know and understand the contingency
measures and procedures
Equipment :
Steps/Procedure:
Assessment Method:
 Quiz
 Periodical Exam
 Reflectionaire
 Observation

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Maintain OHS awareness
Contents:
1. Emergency Related Drills and Trainings

Assessment Criteria
1. Emergency-related drills and trainings are participated in as per

established organization guidelines and procedures
2. OHS personal records are completed and updated in accordance with

workplace requirements
Conditions

1. Workplace
2. PPE
5. Health Record
Assessment Method:
1. Demonstration
2. Interview
3. Written Exam
4. Portfolio Assessment

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Learning Outcome 4
Maintain OHS awareness
on “Maintain OHS Awareness” Self-Check, you are not allowed to
definitions relating to emergency in your Quiz to continue to the next
related drills and trainings activity
Answer short quiz
Answer short quiz “Emergency You need to perform the task 100%
related drills and trainings” in order to move to the next activity

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
“EMERGENCY RELATED DRILLS AND TRAININGS”
1. To explain the disaster situation
2. To discuss the emergency related drills and trainings
EMERGENCY RELATED DRILLS AND TRAININGS

Disaster Situation
According to the World Risk Report of 2018, the Philippines is the third most
vulnerable country to disasters. The country lies in the Pacific Ring of Fire
were 80% of earthquakes occur. Around 20-25 typhoons ravage the country
every year, leading to the loss of lives and millions of damages to
infrastructure and livelihood. About 220 known volcanoes dot the country,
and at least 22 of them are considered active.
The Philippines is also one of the most vulnerable to the effects of climate
change. The drought brought by the El Niño Southern Oscillation has
increased in the last few decades. The dry season is also becoming warmer,
and conversely, the wet season becoming wetter. Sea level rise threaten the
coastal areas of the country.
Wanton destruction of the environment has also made it worse. Illegal logging
and illegal modes of fishing threaten the ecosystem. Armed conflict,
demolitions, and so-called development projects displace families and
communities, adding to the already dire poverty situation. The poverty
situation also inhibits the people’s ability to cope and recover from these
hazards unless we develop their capacities and to create disaster resilient
communities.
Drills
Citizens’ Disaster Response Center’s (CDRC) disaster preparedness and
mitigation services integrate capability-building activities that range from
disaster management to organizational management trainings, workshops,
and planning sessions. Below are the educational services offered by CDRC.

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
1. Fire Drill
Is a method of practicing how a building
would be evacuated in the event of a fire or
other emergencies. In most cases, the
building's existing fire alarm system is
activated and the building is evacuated as
if the emergency had occurred. Generally,
the evacuation is timed to ensure that it is
fast enough, and problems with the
emergency system or evacuation
procedures are identified to be remedied.
2. Earthquake Drill
Is a drill used to practice in preparation for an earthquake. Schools in some
areas conduct earthquake drills. Stop, drop and hold on is used during the
drill.
3. Basic Life Support (BLS)

Is a level of medical care which is used for victims of life-threatening illnesses
or injuries until they can be given full medical care at a hospital. It can be
provided by trained medical personnel, including emergency medical
technicians, paramedics, and by qualified bystanders.
4. First Aid
Is the assistance given to any person suffering a serious illness or injury, with
care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to
promote recovery. It includes initial intervention in a serious condition prior
to professional medical help being available, such as
performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) while awaiting for
an ambulance, as well as the complete treatment of minor conditions, such
as applying a plaster to a cut. First aid is generally performed by someone
with basic medical training. Mental health first aid is an extension of the
concept of first aid to cover mental health.

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
5. Spillage Control
Spill is one that cannot be contained safely with the materials on the site,
threatens safety to life, and/or threatens to enter the sewer system or travel
beyond the boundaries of building/property to endanger the environment.
6. Decontamination of Chemical and Toxic

Is the reduction or removal of chemical agents. Decontamination may
be accomplished by removal of these agents by physical means or by
chemical neutralization or detoxification. Decontamination of skin is
the primary concern, but decontamination of eyes and wounds must
also be done when necessary. Personal decontamination is
decontamination of self; casualty decontamination refers to the
decontamination of casualties; and personnel decontamination
usually refers to decontamination of non-casualties.
7. Disaster Preparedness/Management
Refers to measures taken to prepare for and reduce the effects of disasters.
That is, to predict and, where possible, prevent disasters, mitigate their
impact on vulnerable populations, and respond to and effectively cope with
their consequences.

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Self- Check 4-4.1
Instruction: Encircle the correct answer.
1. Refers to measures taken to prepare for and reduce the effects of

disasters.
A. Fire Drill C. First Aid
B. Disaster Preparedness/Mgt. D. Earthquake Drill
2. Is a method of practicing how a building would be evacuated in the

event of a fire or other emergencies?
A. Fire Man C. First Aid
B. Fire Drill D. None of the above
3. Is a level of medical care which is used for victims of life-threatening

illnesses or injuries until they can be given full medical care at a
hospital?
A. Basic Support Staff C. Basic Life Support
B. Disaster Preparedness/Mgt. D. First Aid
4. Is the assistance given to any person suffering a

serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the
condition from worsening, or to promote recovery?
A. First Aid C. CPR
B. Basic Life Support D. All of the Above
5. Is a drill used to practice in preparation for an earthquake?

A. Fire Drill C. Drill
B. Earthquake Drill D. None of the above

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
ANSWER KEY 4-4.1
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. B

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
TASK SHEET 4-4.1
Title: EMERGENCY RELATED DRILLS AND TRAININGS
be able to know and understand the emergency
related drills and trainings.
Equipment :
Steps/Procedure:
2. To discuss the emergency related drills and trainings
Assessment Method:
 Quiz
 Periodical Exam
 Reflectionaire
 Observation

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
2. To discuss the emergency related drills and
trainings

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
“OHS PERSONAL RECORDS”
1. To discuss the occupational health and safety program
2. To establish correct OHS work procedures
Basic OHS Program Elements
What is an occupational health and safety (OH&S) program?

A health and safety program is a definite plan of action designed to prevent
accidents and occupational diseases. Some form of a program is required
under occupational health and safety legislation in most Canadian
jurisdictions. A health and safety program must include the elements required
by the health and safety legislation as a minimum.
Because organizations differ, a program developed for one organization cannot
necessarily be expected to meet the needs of another. This document
summarizes the general elements of a health and safety program. This
approach should help smaller organizations to develop programs to deal with
their specific needs.
What is a policy statement?

An organization's occupational health and safety policy is a statement of
principles and general rules that serve as guides for action. Senior
management must be committed to ensuring that the policy is carried out
with no exceptions. The health and safety policy should have the same
importance as the other policies of the organization.
The policy statement can be brief, but it should mention:
 Management's commitment to protect the safety and health of
employees.
 The objectives of the program.
 The organization's basic health and safety philosophy.
 Who is accountable for occupational health and safety programs.
 The general responsibilities of all employees.
 That health and safety shall not be sacrificed for expediency.
 That unacceptable performance of health and safety duties will not be
tolerated.

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
The policy should be:
 Stated in clear, unambiguous, and unequivocal terms.
 Signed by the incumbent Chief Executive Officer.
 Kept up-to-date.
 Communicated to each employee.
 Adhered to in all work activities.
The following is an example of an occupational health and safety policy
statement:
ABC Transport
To all employees January 1, 2015
At ABC Transport the safety and health of our employees comes first.
Management is committed to doing everything possible to prevent injuries and
to maintain a safe and healthy environment.
To this end:
1) all supervisors are responsible for ensuring that their employees are
trained in approved work procedures and to ensure that employees
follow safe work methods and all related regulations;
2) all personnel are required to support the OSH program and make safety
and health a part of their daily routine and to ensure that they are
following safe work methods and relevant regulations;
3) all personnel will be held accountable for implementing this program;
and
4) all relevant laws and regulations are incorporated in our program as
minimum standards Signed by President
What are the program elements?

While organizations will have different needs and scope for specific elements
required in their health and safety program, the following basic items should
be considered in each case:
 Individual responsibility.
 Joint occupational health and safety committee.
 Health and safety rules.
 Correct work procedures.
 Employee orientation.
 Training.
 Workplace inspections.
 Reporting and investigating accidents/incidents.
 Emergency procedures.
 Medical and first aid.
 Health and safety promotion.
 Workplace specific items.

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
What are individual OH&S responsibilities?
Health and safety is the joint responsibility of management and workers.
Management is accountable for non-compliance to health and safety
legislation.
Responsibility may be defined as an individual's obligation to carry out
assigned duties. Authority implies the right to make decisions and the power
to direct others. Responsibility and authority can be delegated to
subordinates, giving them the right to act for superiors. It is important to note
that, while some responsibilities can be delegated, the superior remains
accountable for seeing that they are carried out.
Individual responsibilities apply to every employee in the workplace, including
the Chief Executive Officer. All employees will then know exactly what is
expected of each individual in health and safety terms.
To fulfill their individual responsibilities, the people must:
 Know what these responsibilities are (communication required).
 Have sufficient authority to carry them out (organizational issue).
 Have the required ability and competence (training or certification
required).
Once all these criteria have been met, safety performance can be assessed by
each individual's supervisor on an equal basis with other key job elements.
Health and safety is not just an extra part of an employee's job: it is an
integral, full-time component of each individual's responsibilities.
What are examples of responsibilities of workers?

Examples of responsibilities of workers include:
 Using personal protection and safety equipment as required by the
employer.
 Following safe work procedures.
 Knowing and complying with all regulations.
 Reporting any injury or illness immediately.
 Reporting unsafe acts and unsafe conditions.
 Participating in joint health and safety committees or as the
representative.
How do you establish correct work procedures?

Correct work procedures are the safest way of doing a job, job instruction,
monitoring performance, and accident investigation.
Job safety analysis (JSA), also known as "job hazard analysis", is the first step
in developing the correct procedure. In this analysis, each task of a specific
job is examined to identify hazards and to determine the safest way to do the
job. Job safety analysis involves the following steps:
CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
1. Select the job.
2. Break down the job into a sequence of steps.
3. Identify the hazards.
4. Define preventive measures.
The analysis should be conducted on all critical tasks or jobs as a first priority.
Critical jobs include:
 Those where frequent accidents and injuries occur.
 Those where severe accidents and injuries occur.
 Those with a potential for severe injuries.
 New or modified jobs.
 Infrequently performed jobs, such as maintenance.
Job safety analysis is generally carried out by observing a worker doing the
job. Members of the joint health and safety committee should participate in
this process. The reason for the exercise must be clearly explained to the
worker, emphasizing that the job, not the individual, is being studied. Another
approach, useful in the analysis of infrequently-performed or new jobs, is
group discussion.
A work procedure may consist of more than one specific task. In such cases,
each separate task should be analyzed to complete a job safety analysis for
that procedure. The final version of the correct work procedure should be
presented in a narrative style format that outlines the correct way to do the
job in a step-by-step outline. The steps are described in positive terms,
pointing out the reasons why they are to be done in this way. Reference may
be made to applicable rules and regulations and to the personal protective
equipment required, if any. Employees who carry out the tasks should be
consulted in developing the procedure.

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Example
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) Worksheet
Industry: Construction
Operation: Road repair
Job: Pavement repair
Task Who does it Hazards How to prevent injury/accident
Operating jack-hammer Joe Doe - noise - ear protectors
- vibration - vibration absorbing gloves
Applicable Legislation:
OH&S Act and Regulations: ___________________________
(refer to the act and regulations in your jurisdiction)
Date: ____________________________________________
Developed by: _____________________________________

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
Self- Check 4-4.2
Instruction: Essay
1. What are examples of responsibilities of workers?

2. What are individual OH&S responsibilities?

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
ANSWER KEY 4-4.2
1. What are examples of responsibilities of workers?

 Using personal protection and safety equipment as required by the
employer.
 Following safe work procedures.
 Knowing and complying with all regulations.
 Reporting any injury or illness immediately.
 Reporting unsafe acts and unsafe conditions.
 Participating in joint health and safety committees or as the
representative.
2. What are individual OH&S responsibilities?

Health and safety is the joint responsibility of management and workers.
Management is accountable for non-compliance to health and safety
legislation.
Responsibility may be defined as an individual's obligation to carry out
assigned duties. Authority implies the right to make decisions and the power
to direct others. Responsibility and authority can be delegated to
subordinates, giving them the right to act for superiors. It is important to note
that, while some responsibilities can be delegated, the superior remains
accountable for seeing that they are carried out.
Individual responsibilities apply to every employee in the workplace, including
the Chief Executive Officer. All employees will then know exactly what is
expected of each individual in health and safety terms.
To fulfill their individual responsibilities, the people must:
 Know what these responsibilities are (communication required).
 Have sufficient authority to carry them out (organizational issue).
 Have the required ability and competence (training or certification
required).
Once all these criteria have been met, safety performance can be assessed by
each individual's supervisor on an equal basis with other key job elements.
Health and safety is not just an extra part of an employee's job: it is an
integral, full-time component of each individual's responsibilities.

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
TASK SHEET 4-4.2
Title: OHS PERSONAL RECORDS
be able to know and understand the OHS
personal records.
Equipment :
Steps/Procedure:
1. To discuss the occupational health and safety program
Assessment Method:
 Quiz
 Periodical Exam
 Reflectionaire
 Observation

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. To discuss the occupational health and safety
program

CBLM 001
Bread and Pastry
June 2018

COC 4 - Pratice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures

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COMPETENCY - BASED LEARNING

BREAD AND PASTRY PRODUCTION

EASTERN MINDANAO COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

1 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

WORK IN A TEAM WORKING IN A TEAM 500311106

PRACTICE CAREER PRACTICING CAREER 500311107

2 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND

MODULE TITLE: PRACTICING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This module covers the outcomes required

NOMINAL DURATION: 5 hours

Upon completion of the module the trainees/students should be able to:

3 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

1. Safety regulations and workplace safety and hazard control practices

The students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

Learning Activities Special Instructions

5 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

Created by virtue of Executive Order No. 307, on November 1987 by then

It has a dual mandate of protecting Filipino workers against accidents and

Occupational safety and health (OSH), also commonly referred to

7 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

Know Your Rights

How to File a Safety and Health Complaint

8 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

1. Explain the rights of the employees?

9 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

1. Know Your Rights

11 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

12 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

13 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

What is the difference between a 'hazard' and a 'risk'?

What is a risk assessment?

14 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

What are the five steps to risk assessment?

Step 1: Identify hazards, i.e. anything that may cause harm.

Step 2: Decide who may be harmed, and how.

15 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

Step 3: Assess the risks and take action.

Step 4: Make a record of the findings.

Step 5: Review the risk assessment.

16 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

How often should a risk assessment take place?

17 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

18 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

1. What is the difference between hazard and risk?

19 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

1. What is the difference between a 'hazard' and a 'risk'?

2. Who should carry out a risk assessment?

20 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

21 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

22 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

Below is a partial list of Emergency/Disaster Response Resources:

24 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

Should your have to evacuate:

Simple Steps to being Prepared:

25 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

Instruction: Enumerative Essay

1. Enumerate and explain the seven-steps outlined for a contingency

26 Date Developed: Document No. HKNC11-

1. Enumerate and explain the seven-steps outlined for a contingency plan?

2. What are the partial list of Emergency/Disaster Response Resources?