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Moment Influence Line
Moment Influence Line
0 OBJECTIVE
3.0 INTRODUCTION
Moving loads on beam are common features of design. Many road bridges are
constructed from beam, and as such have to be designed to carry a knife edge load,
or a string of wheel loads, or a uniformly distributed load, or perhaps the worst
combination of all three. To find the critical moment in section, influence line is
used.
4.0 THEORY
Mx = ( L – x ) a - 1 (a – x )……….(1)
L
Mx = xb / L – ( x – a )…………..(2)
‘ cut ‘
1 ( unit load ) Mx
x
Mx
RA = (1-x/L) RB = x/L
a b
Figure 1
Part 2 : If the beam is loaded as shown below, the moment at the ‘cut’ can be
calculated using the influence line. ( See diagram 2 ).
( y1, y2, and y3 are coordinates derived from the influence line in terms of x 1, x2, x3, a,
b and L )
a+b = L
x1
x2
x3
y1 y2 y3
Figure 2
5.0 APPARATUS
Figure 3
6.0 PROCEDURES
Part 1 :
1. The digital forces meter reads zero with no load.
2. Hanger with any mass between 150 – 300 g was place at the first
grooved hanger support at the left support and the digital forces reading
were recorded in Table 1.
3. The procedure repeated to the next grooved hanger until to the last
groove hanger at the right hand support.
4. Calculation in Table 1 completed.
Part 2 :
1. Three load hangers with any load between 50 – 400 g was placed on it
and placed it at any position between the supports. The position and the
digital forces display reading recorded in Table 2.
2. The procedure repeated with three other location.
3. The calculation in Table 2 completed.
7.0 RESULT
Location of load Digital Force Moment at Experimental Theoretical
from left hand Display cut section influence line Influence lines
support (m) Reading (N) (N) value (N) value (Nm)
0.04 0.2 0.025 0.013 0.013
0.06 0.3 0.038 0.019 0.019
0.08 0.4 0.05 0.025 0.026
0.10 0.5 0.063 0.032 0.032
0.12 0.6 0.075 0.038 0.038
0.14 0.7 0.088 0.045 0.045
0.16 0.8 0.10 0.051 0.051
0.18 0.9 0.113 0.058 0.057
0.20 1.0 0.125 0.064 0.064
0.22 1.1 0.138 0.07 0.07
0.24 1.2 0.15 0.077 0.076
0.26 1.3 0.163 0.083 0.083
0.30 1.5 0.188 0.10 0.096
0.32 1.3 0.163 0.083 0.082
0.34 1.1 0.138 0.07 0.07
0.36 0.8 0.10 0.051 0.055
0.40 0.4 0.05 0.025 0.027
Table 1
Notes :
Part 2,
Notes :
8.0 CALCULATION
EXAMPLE CALCULATION
PART 1
When x = 0.32 m
Mx = (0.32) (0.14) – (0.32 – 0.3)
0.44
= 0.082 Nm
PART 2
F1 = 100g
= 100 x 9.81
1000
= 0.981N
F2 = 200g
= 200 x 9.81
1000
= 1.962N
F3 = 300g
= 300 x 9.81
1000
= 2.943N
x1
x2
x3
y1 y2 y3
*For location 1,
Moment at cut :
∑Mx = 0
Mx = 1(0.3)- x (0.3) – 1 (0.3-x)
0.44
= 0.3 - 0.3x – 0.3 + x
0.44
Mx = 0.318x
When x = 0.3
Mx = 0.318x
= 0.318 (0.3)
= 0.095 Nm
y1, 0.095 = y1
0.3 0.04
0.3y = 0.0038
y1 = 0.013 m
y2, 0.095 = y2
0.3 0.1
y2 = 0.032 m
y3, 0.095 = y3
0.3 0.2
y3 = 0.063 m
x1
x2
x3
y1 y2 y3
*For location 2,
Experimental moment (Nm) = 0.363 Nm
When y1 = 0.025 m , y2 = 0.051 m , y3 = 0.082m
Theoritical moment (Nm) = 0.366 Nm
x1
x2
x3
y3 y2 y1
*For location 3,
Experimental moment (Nm) = 0.263 Nm
When y1 = 0.054m , y2 = 0.068m , y3 = 0.025m
Theoritical moment (Nm) = 0.260 Nm
2.943 N 0.981 N 1.962 N
x1
x2
x3
y3 y1 y2
*For location 4,
Experimental moment (Nm) = 0.4125 Nm
When y1 = 0.082m , y2 = 0.027m , y3 = 0.019m
Theoritical moment (Nm) = 0.190 Nm
9.0 DISCUSSIONS
PART 1
F
1 cut
a b
RA L RB
= =
ΣFx = 0
ΣFy
= R A + RB – 1
=0
RA + R B = 1
RA( L ) – 1( L – x ) = 0
RAL = 1(L- x)
RA = 1( L – x )
L
=1- x
L
RB = 1 – (1 – x) = x
L L
Equation 1 ; 0 ≤ x ≤ a
-Mx + RA(a) – 1(a - x) = 0
Mx = (1 – x/L)a – 1(a - x)
= (L – x)a – 1(a - x)
L
Equation 2 ; a≤ x ≤ b
Mx – RB(b) + 1(x - a) = 0
Mx = RB (b) – 1(x - a)
= x/L (b) – 1(x -a)
= xb/L – 1(x -a)
2. On the graph, plot the theoretical and experimental value against distance from
left and support. Comment on the shape of graph. What does it tell u about how
moment varies at the cut section as a load moved on the beam?
From the graph, a peak shaped graph can be obtained. The peak is the weakest point
of the beam where there is a hinge in the beam. As load is being moved on the
beam, the influence line which was constructed can be used to obtain the value of
the moment. As load is moved across near to it, the moment will increase. So does
the other way round when load is moving further than the hinge, the value of
moment will decrease as the load is moving towards the support at the end. As the
load is moving along towards the hinge from both side of support, it will come to a
peak where the value of moment is the same.
PART 2
The experimental results are slightly different from theoretical results are due to
human error and instrument sensitivity as the reading of the instrument keep
changing when we conducted the experiment.
10.0 CONCLUSION