THE MOTION FOR RAINWATER MANAGEMENT IN HOUSEHOLD

TO IMPROVE WATER RESILIENCE IN A CHANGING WORLD

DR. Ir. Susilawati Cicilia Laurentia, MScHE

Marselinus Y. Nissanson, S.T., M.T.
OUTLINE PRESENTATION

Introduction
General Background Literature Study Methodology

Result and discussion

Conclusion and Recommendation

INTRODUCTION
General Background

Literature Study

Methodology
GENERAL BACKGROUND

Household
Gully scale scale
Sub-basin
scale
Basin
scale THE MOTION FOR RAINWATER MANAGEMENT IN HOUSEHOLD SCALE
TO IMPROVE WATER RESILIENCE IN A CHANGING WORLD
 LITERATURE STUDY
Papafotiou and Katsifarakis (2015) stated that: Ecological rainwater
management methods in urban areas can contribute to:
• Reduction of total rainwater runoff and of its peak
• Storage of rainwater, in order to cover low quality water demand,
such as household field irrigation.
• Storage of rainwater (with mineralization process) also can be
used for domestic or drinking after cooked first.
• Local aquifer replenishment.
• Reduction of property damage and activity disruption, which is
due to insufficient sewer networks
• Improvement of rain runoff quality through pollutant retention,
filtration, decomposition, plant uptake, etc.
• Mitigation of pollution of runoff receiving water bodies and
• Upgrading of urban and suburban landscape.
LITERATURE STUDY
Runoff --
Household
Upgrading
agriculture
landscape
+

Pollution Rainwater Domestic

mitigation management water +

Runoff Local water

quality + replenishment

Damage
cause of
sewer water -
 LITERATURE STUDY
Concept of Rainwater Management on Household Scale:
• The hydrological analysis for rainwater management in
household scale was basically done to determine the potential
of runoff, which have to be managed.
• This runoff is managed by stored it in a tank, which can be
used for home-yard agriculture during the dry season. Most
runoff is also infiltrated into the ground for groundwater
recharge.
• The rooftop rainwater will be caught by the catcher channel
rainwater. Catcher channel is designed as a mineralization
process, so it was better quality for drinking water after cooked
first.
Household water Home-yard runoff
cycle management

Rooftop runoff
management
 LITERATURE STUDY
The formula used to determine the potential runoff followed by
Plotting Position method (Dahmen ER. And Hall MJ., 1990).
• Data processing is carried out to find a possible exceeded 20%
(wet year), exceeded 50% (normal year) and exceeded 80%
(year dry). The possibility of processing annual rainfall
exceeded 20%, 50%, 80% was using a probability value based
𝑚
on the following equation: Fa = 100 ×
𝑁+1
Fa : plotting position
m : rank order number
N : the amount of data recorded
The possible value exceeded 20%, 50%, 80% can be plotted
on a lognormal graph paper
 LITERATURE STUDY
• Dry monthly rainfall:
𝑃𝑑𝑟𝑦
𝑃𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑦 = 𝑃𝑖𝑎𝑣 ×
𝑃𝑎𝑣
• Normal monthly rainfall:
𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑟
𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 = 𝑃𝑖𝑎𝑣 ×
𝑃𝑎𝑣
• Wet monthly rainfall:
𝑃𝑤𝑒𝑡
𝑃𝑖𝑤𝑒𝑡 = 𝑃𝑖𝑎𝑣 ×
𝑃𝑎𝑣
By using Rational Equation Calculator (Ken Edwards, 2013), it can be
determined the potential rainwater discharge, which has to be
managed
 LITERATURE STUDY
By using Rational Equation Calculator (Ken Edwards, 2013), it
can be determined the potential rainwater discharge, which has to
be managed:
Q=ciA
The Rational equation requires the following units:
Q = Peak discharge, cfs
c = Rational method runoff coefficient
i = Rainfall intensity, inch/hour
A = Drainage area, acre
The Rational method runoff coefficient (c) is a function of the soil
type and drainage basin slope
LITERATURE STUDY
METHODOLOGY
 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• Guidance book for the rainwater management in household
scale model design is provided to be used as guidelines in
designing the structures of rainwater field ponds/wells storage
or rainwater catcher gutter in the system to improve water
quality as a mineralization process.
• The rainwater that falls on the field yard is captured and
directed to flow into the rainwater catcher gutter, which is
equipped with a mix of rock, sand and fibers to manipulate the
mineralization process, so that the water quality is increased.
• Similarly, rainwater that falls on the roof top of the house is
directed to flow into the rainwater catcher gutter to be collected
into rainwater ponds/wells that have undergone a process of
mineralization (Susilawati, 2015)
 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Overflow can be channeled into a bio-retention area such as a rain

garden or swale. Two kind of ponds/wells storage can be used as
domestic needs (with mineralization process) and irrigation water
for household agriculture (without mineralization process).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Control box from mineralization process

for clean water tank
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Ferro-cement pond for agriculture

 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• Socialization and assistance is needed to prepare the
potential and participation of the community for the motion
of rainwater management in household scale.
• By the guidelines, which had been developed for applying
the concept of rainwater management in household scale,
it can be designed the water infrastructure for each
household yard conditions.
• Furthermore, a small fund is also needed as a stimulant
fund to encourage community for constructing rainwater
ponds/wells storage or rainwater gutter catcher that has
been designed.
 THE MOTION FOR RAINWATER MANAGEMENT
IN HOUSEHOLD TO IMPROVE WATER
RESILIENCE IN A CHANGING WORLD

Socialization

Guideline book RWM-

HS
Small funding
 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Limitations for this infrastructure (Daviv J. Sample and Lia
Doumar, 2013):
• Tanks may remain full between rain events, so water
quality benefits can be reduced due to the potential for
overflows.
• Mosquitos need to be screened out or treated to prevent
breeding.
• Rainwater management systems do not filter out nutrients.
• Water for drinking should be cooked first.
LIMITATION
tanks

Cook RWM- mosquito

first HS

RWM no
filters
 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• The motion of rainwater management in household scale requires a
motion to bring around the public for better appreciate the water
value and use it more wisely.
• Socialization is constantly needs to be done, either through the
mass media or an education network from primary to secondary
level upwards.
• There should also be disseminated through the religious institutions,
the Friday prayer sermon, weekly sermons, or in Muslim boarding
schools and seminaries.
• Socialization of the motion of rainwater management can be done in
the form of guidance and counselling, as had been done by groups,
which concerned of rainwater harvesting in Yogyakarta.
• A form of socialization can also be done through a thematic
community services program or community service activities with
directly assistance in a village community development, or
environment development in urban areas.
WHAT’S NEXT

Socialization Guidance Thematic

Motion 
 and community
public
education counseling service
 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
• The results of the analysis concluded that each household
is able to meet its water needs, both for domestic use (clean
water with mineralization process) and for agricultural
(without mineralization process) independently.
• This motion is also building a community capacity to be
more independent in improving water security and
sustainable food sovereignty.
• This motion brings the public for better appreciate the water
value and use it more wisely.
• Economy and public welfare will be increased due to the
available clean water and water for agricultural are met with
the requirement.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Gratitude expression was addressed to the NGO

“Yayasan Tangan Pengharapan”, which has helped in
the implementation of rainwater management in
household scale concept, at the home-yard of Mr.
Lukas Hiler Liunesi, Tli'u village, East-Amanuban
district, South-Central-Timor regency.