Sinhala Teachers Guide Grade 7 PDF

isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh
7 fY%aKsh
^2016 isg l%shd;aul fõ'&
isxy, NdId fomd¾;fïka;=j

NdId udkj Ydia;% yd iudc úoHd mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
Y%S ,xldj'
i
7 fY%aKsh
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh
m%:u uqøKh ( 2016
© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
Y%S ,xldj
fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

úoHq;a ;emE, ( info@nie.lk
ii
wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh
cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj u.ska ks¾foaY lrk ,o cd;sl uÜgfï ksmqK;d
ixj¾Okh lsÍfï uQ,sl wruqK iys; j tjlg mej;s wka;¾.;h mokï jq wOHdmkh fjkqjg
j¾I wglska hq;= pl%hlska iukaú; kj ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dfjys m<uq wÈhr j¾I 2007
§ YS% ,xldfõ oaú;SSshsl wOHdmk fCIa;%hg y÷kajd fok ,È'
kj úIhud,d pl%fha fojk wÈhr 2016 j¾Ifha § y;a jk iy tfldf<dia jk fYa%Ks

i|yd y÷kajd §u l< hq;= j ;sfí' fï i|yd m¾fhaIKj,ska wkdjrKh jQ lreKq o
wOHdmkh ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq lrk úúO md¾Yjhkaf.a fhdackd o mokï fldg f.k
úIh ks¾foaY ;d¾lSlrKh lsÍfï ls%hdj,shla cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska y÷kajd fokq
,eî h'
fuu ;d¾lSlrK ls%hdj,sfha § ish¨ u úIhhkaf.a ksmqK;d uÜgï" mokï uÜgfï

isg Wiia uÜgu olajd l%udkql+, j f.dv ke.Su i|yd my< isg by<g .uka lrk isria
ixl,kh Ndú; lrk ,È' úúO úIhhkays § tl u úIh lreKq kej; kej; bÈßm;a ùu
yels;dla wju lsÍu" jeä nr megùïj,ska hqla; úIh wka;¾.;hka wvq lsÍu iy ls%hd;aul
l< yels YsIH ñ;=re úIhud,djla ieliSu i|yd ;sria ixl,kh Ndú; lr we;'
.=re Nj;=ka i|yd mdvï ie,iqï lsÍu" b.ekaùu" ls%hdldrlï lr f.k hEu" uekSï
yd we.hSï hkdÈ wxY i|yd wjYH jkakd jQ ud¾f.damfoaYh ,nd §fï wruqKska fuu kj .=re
ud¾f.damfoaYh y÷kajd § we;' mka;s ldurh ;=< § jvd;a M,odhS .=rejrhl= f,i lghq;=
lsÍug fuu ud¾f.damfoaYh Wmldr jkq we;' isiqkaf.a ksmqK;d j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd .=Kd;aul
fhojqï yd ls%hdldrlï f;dard .ekSug .=rejrekag wjYH ksoyi fuu.ska ,nd § ;sfí' tfuka
u ks¾foaYs; mdG .%ka:j, we;=<;a jk úIh lreKq ms<sn| j jeä nr ;eîula fuu .=re
ud¾f.damfoaYj, wka;¾.; fkd fõ' tu ksid fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh jvd;a M,odhS ùug
kï wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska ilid we;s wod< mdG .%ka: iu. iu.dó j
Ndú; lsÍu w;HjYH fõ'
;d¾lSlrKh lrk ,o úIh ks¾foaY" kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd w¨;ska ixj¾Okh lr

we;s mdG .%ka:j, uQ,sl wruqKq jkafka .=re flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdfjka isiq flakaøSh wOHdmk
rgdjlg yd jvd;a ls%hdldrlï u; mokï jQ wOHdmk rgdjlg fjkia ùfuka jev f,dalhg
wjYH jk ksmqK;d yd l=i,;dj,ska hqla; udkj iïm;la njg YsIH m%cdj ixj¾Okh lsÍu
h'
fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY iïmdokh lsÍfï § cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha Ydia;S%h

lghq;= uKav,h o wdh;kfha iNdj o kka whqßka odhl;ajh ,nd ÿka ish¨ u iïm;aodhlhkaa
yd wksl=;a md¾Yjhkaf.a buy;a lemùu we.ehSug o fuh wjia:djla lr .kq leue;af;ñ'
wOHlaI ckrd,a"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
iii
ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,aa ysñf.a mKsúvh
bf.kqu mq¿,a lafIa;%hl úyso hkakls' th Ôú; w;suy;a njg o" b;d u ir, njg
o m;a lrhs' ukqIHhd bf.kqï l=i,;dfjka W;alDIag h' udkj iudc ixj¾Okh flakaø
fldg .;a rgla" iudchla nqoaêh úiska y÷kd .;a wiïu;hka neyer lsÍug o iqNdú;hka
u.ska kj f,djla ks¾udKh lr .ekSug o fuj,u lr .kq ,nkafka bf.kqu hs'
bf.kqu i|yd jákd hula o" bf.kqï l%ufõo yd myiqlï o wOHdmkh jgd
ks¾udKh úh hq;= h' úIh ud,dj" úIh ks¾foaYh" ud¾f.damfoaY yd iqidOHlrejka
bf.kqï lafIa;%hg tla jkqfha fï wdldrfhks'
kQ;k Y%S ,xldj f.da,Sh m%jK;d fuka u mqrd;k Wreuh o iïñY%Kh lr .ksñka
iaùh wOHdmk rgdjla ysñ lr f.k we;' ld,Sk wjYH;d u; m%;sixialrK u.ska jir
wglg jrla hdj;ald,Sk jk úIhud,dfõ bf.kqï iïm;la f,i fuu .==re ud¾f.damfoaYh
ks¾udKh fõ'
úIhfhys wruqKqj, ix.;;dj cd;sl uÜgñka mj;ajd .; hq;= h' tfy;a .=re
ud¾f.damfoaYj, bf.kqï l%ufõo" wl=rlaj;a fjkia fkd fldg ms<smeÈh hq;a;la kï
fkd fõ' úIh ks¾foaYfhys ksmqK;d" ksmK
q ;d uÜgï idOkh ùu i|yd wka;¾.;h u.ska
bf.kqï m, iïm%dma;sh msKsi bf.kqï l%ufõo ks¾udKYS,S j fjkia lr .ekSug
iqidOHlrejkag meyeÈ,s j u bvla we;s nj i|yka lrñ' YsIH idOk m%;sY;h by<
uÜgulg .ekSu i|yd Woõ jk" myiqlï i,ik .=re N+ñldjg lsishï m%fõYhla i|yd
ks¾udKh jk .=re ud¾f.damfoaY YslaIlhdyg o fo.=rekg o Ndú; l< yels h' wod< fm<
fmd;g iylrejl= jk .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh ;j;a fm< fmd;la fkdjk nj oek .=reNj;=ka
fm< fmd; yd .=re ud¾f.damfoaY hk iïm;a øjH fol u Ndú; l< hq;= h'
ta ta úIhhkays idOkh ms<sn| we.hSï isÿ lrk cd;sl uÜgfï mÍlaIljrfhl= jqj
o wfmalaId lrk idOkhka" úIh b.ekaùug u. fmkajk iqidOHlrejka úiska mdvu
wjidkfhys mka;s ldurfha § orejka iu. m%;HlaIlrKhg m;a úh hq;= h' tu tald;añl
ùu i|yd jQ m%fndaOd;aul ixialD;shla f.dvk.d .ekSug .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh hd;%djla
lr .kq we;ehs wdhdpkd mQ¾jl j wfmalaId lrñ'
mSGdêm;s" ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a"

NdId udkj Ydia;% yd iudc úoHd mSGh"
iv
úIhud,d lñgqj
WmfoaYl;ajh yd wkque;sh ( Ydia;%Sh lghq;= uKav,h"

iïnkaëlrKh ( mS' ta' ã' rejks isiscd"

iyldr lÓldpd¾h"
isxy, NdId fomd¾;fïka;=j"
NdId ixialrKh ;siai chj¾Ok"

úY%dñl uydpd¾h"
fld<U úYajúoHd,h"
fld<U'
wNHka;r f,aLl uKav,h ( ã'ví' Èidkdhl"

fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h"
B' wd¾' ksu,a fm%aul=udr"

lÓldpd¾h"
tï' Ô' uqKisxy"

lÓldpd¾h"
;s,sks r;akdhl"
lÓldpd¾h"
ví,sõ' mS' ux., .=Kr;ak"
iyldr lÓldpd¾h"
mS' ta' ã' rejks isiscd"

iyldr lÓldpd¾h"
v
ndysr f,aLl uKav,h ( tia' ´' m%kdkaÿ"
úY%dñl wOHlaI"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh"
uyr.u'
tÉ' mS' iqis,a isßfiak"

lÓldpd¾h"
ydmsá.ï wOHdmk úoHdmSGh"
óß.u'
ví' lreKdr;ak"
lÓldpd¾h"
.=re uOHia:dk l<ukdlre"
.=re uOHia:dkh"
.srd.u"
ms<su;,dj'
tia' ,,s;d moañKS"

ksfhdacH úÿy,am;s"
y,d$fjka$lgqflkao Y%S ix>fndaê u'u'ú'"
oxfldgqj'
ví' tï' ksYaYxl nKavdr"

.=re fiajh"
nm$.ï$fodïfm u' ú'"
fodïfm'
tï' ta' iqnisxy"

.=re fiajh"
nm$le,$lreKdr;ak fn!oaO u'ú'"
le,Ksh'
úIh ks¾foaY iïmdokh( uydpd¾h r;akisß wrx.,"

Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h"
kqf.af.dv'
uydpd¾h chka; wurisxy"

reyqKq úYajúoHd,h"
ud;r'
mQcH l=l=rïfmd< [dKúu, ysñ" lÓldpd¾h"

uyr.u'
vi
tï' Ô' uqKisxy" l:sldpd¾h"
uyr.u'
;s,sks r;akdhl" l:sldpd¾h"

uyr.u'
ví,sõ' mS' ux., .=Kr;ak" iyldr l:sldpd¾h"

uyr.u'
mS' ta' ã' rejks isiscd" iyldr l:sldpd¾h"

uyr.u'
tia' ´' m%kdkaÿ" úY%dñl wOHlaI"

uyr.u'
tÉ' t,a' Ys%hdks wfíúl%u"

ksfhdacH wOHdmk wOHlaI"
cd;sl NdId yd udkj Ydia;% wxYh"
wOHdmk wud;HdxYh" biqremdh"
n;a;ruq,a,'
tÉ' mS' iqis,a isßfiak" lÓldpd¾h"

ydmsá.u cd;sl wOHdmk
úoHdmSGh"
óß.u'
.hd jehsfyak" .=re WmfoaYl"

fldÜGdi wOHdmk ld¾hd,h"
mdÿlal'
iqks,a ìhkaú," .=refiajh"

.sß$úl%uYs,d cd;sl mdi,"
.sßW,a,'
vii
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mrsYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia
isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh úIhg wod< bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh id¾:l j bgq
lr .ekSu i|yd fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh iïmdokh lr we;' fuys b.ekaùï l%h
s dldrlïj,g
wkql+, j mdvï ie,iqï ilia lr .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu M,odhS fõ hehs wfmalaId flf¾'
oekg mdi,a moaO;sh ;=< l%shd;aul jkqfha ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,djls' fuys
we;=<;a ish¨ mdvï ie,iqï bÈßm;a lr we;af;a Bg wkqrEm jk mßÈ h' ksmqK;dj"
ksmqK;d uÜgu yd úIh wka;¾.;hg wod< ld,Éfþo ixLHdj yd bf.kqï m, o ta wkqj
we;=<;a lr ;sfí' mdvï ie,iqï lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia o" Ndú; l< yels .=Kd;aul fhojqï
o" we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd jk Wmfoia o bÈßm;a lr we;af;a ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh
i|yd bjy,a jk mßoafoks' fY%aKshg wod< úIh wka;¾.;h ta ta jdrj,g wkqj fnod
olajk ,o igykla o fï iu`. bÈßm;a lr we;af;a .=re Nj;df.a myiqj msKsi h'
ud¾f.damfoaYfhys Wmfoia wkqj tÈfkod b.ekaùï ld¾hh i|yd WÑ; mdvï

ie,iqï .=reNj;df.a wNsu;h mßÈ ilia lr .; hq;= h' fuys § YsIHhkaf.a oekqu" l=i,;d
iy wdl,am j¾Okh jk mßÈ yd ksmqK;d idlaId;a jk mßÈ ks¾udKYs,S bf.kqï wjia:d
iïmdokh lr bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh jvd;a w¾: iïmkak njg m;a lsÍu Tnf.a
hq;=lu jkafka h' .=Kd;aul fhojqï hgf;a .=rejrhdf.a mßYS,kh i|yd bÈßm;a lr we;s
fmd;m; bjy,a lrf.k YsIH bf.kqï w;aoelSï ;j ÿrg;a mq`M,a lsÍu i|yd lghq;= lsÍu
o jeo.;a jkq we;' Tng úúO .=re N+ñld fyda úúO l%ufõo fyda Ndú; l< yels h' tfy;a
w¾:iïmkak bf.kqï mßirhla mka;s ldurh ;=< ks¾udKh lsÍu Tnf.a ld¾hhhs'
Tn y÷kd.;a YsIHhkaf.a ks¾udKYS,S l=i,;d j¾Okh i|yd lghq;= lsÍfï § fuys

i|yka mdi,a m%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka hgf;a ks¾foaY lr we;s foaYk" jdo újdo" idlÉPd
wdÈh o wjia:dkql+, j fhdod .; yels h' bf.kqï l%shdj,sh ;dlaIKh yd noaO lr .ekSu
ldf,daÑ; jkq we;' tksid yels iEu wjia:djl § u tjeks ;dlaIKsl bf.kqï wdOdrl
fyda fuj,ï fyda Nú; lsÍu u.ska Tnf.a b.ekaùï ld¾hfhys .=Kd;aul nj j¾Okh lr
.; yels h' iEu mdvï ie,iqula wjidkfha § u we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrK l%shdj,sh i|yd
wjYH Wmfoia bÈßm;a lr we;' tu ks¾Kdhl uefkk mßÈ iqÿiq we.hSï jevms<sfj<la
l%shd;aul lsÍfuka bf.kqï ld¾hh iM, jkjd fuka u YsIH idOk uÜgï o by< hkq
we;' NdId úIhfha jeo.;a lafIa;% jk Y%jK yd l:k l=i,;d uefkk mßÈ jdÑl
mÍlaIK ie,iqï fldg l%shd;aul lsÍu o NdId wOHhkh jvd;a M,odhS ùug fya;= jkq
we;'
fuu ud¾f.damfoaYfhys wka;¾.; Wmfoia l%shd;aul lsÍfï § YsIHhkag WÑ; mßÈ

ks¾udKYS,S b.ekaùï l%u l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd Tng wjldY i,id we;s w;r" ta wkqj
lghq;= lsÍfuka Tnf.a bf.kqï b.ekaùï ld¾hh id¾:l lr .ekSug yels fõjd hkq
wmf.a m%d¾:khhs'
f,aLl uKav,h
viii
.=re ksmqK;d
jdrh fm< fmdf;a ud¾f.damfoaYfha úIh wka;¾.;h
uÜgï ld,Éfþo
mdvï wxlh l%shdldrlï wxlh
1 1 1'3 f.dú ìßhf.a kqjK 3
2 5'2 m%ia;dj msre¿ yd b`.s jels 4
2 3 1'1 irKxlr i`.rc f;rKqfjda 4
4 5'1 iudkd¾: mo 2
3 5 3'1 wlaIr ud,dj 4
6 3'2 wlaIr úkHdih 4
1 7 5'3 Thsrhsf¾ Ths rdud 3
4 8 6'1 kdu mo ^jpk fNaoh yd mqreI fNaoh& 6
9 9'4 Y%S ,xldfõ wysl=KaÀl ck;dj 3
5 10 6'1 kdu mo ^Wla; - wkqla; fNaoh& 3
6 11 11'1 fï ldf.a foda lu;d 3
12 5'1 úreoaOd¾: mo 2
7 13 9'5 tâukaaâ mSßia ro.=re;=ud 3
14 6'2 l%shd mo ^mQ¾j l%shd" ñY% l%shd& 3
8 15 1'2 l;dnyg ixhuhla 3
9 16 2'2 ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lh 5
10 17 10'2 wfma f,day ;dlaIKfha hg.shdj 4

18 6'3 jdlH Í;s 3
11 19 7'1 rdcldß ,sms 4
20 7'2 wdrdOkd m;% 5
12 21 11'2 iskd l=uß 4
2
22 12'1 ri lú f.d;uq" lú ri ú`Èuq 4
13 23 8'1 jdlH rpkh 4
14 24 1'5 wms ksfõok lshjuq $ ud;Dldkql+, l;d 4
15 25 8'2 f,djg ;¾ckhla jk úµq;a wmøjH 5
26 4'2 mo fn§u 2
16 27 9'1 ils iò fmfka iufkd< ., kef.kysr 4
28 5'1 ;ks mo 2
17 29 9'2 iqok .=K 8
18 30 9'3 ud ÿgq uq,a ysre fmkajQ ,xld 5

19 31 1'4 ÿx ÿughs w`.=re ughs 4
32 5'1 úfYaIK mo 3
20 33 2'1 ilia lg fkdlS lg 4
3 34 4'1 úrdu ,l=Kq 4
21 35 2'3 mqia;ld,hg msh k.uq 4
22 36 12'3 f;dmams fjf<kaod ^fonia rpkh& 8
23 37 10'1 hy¿fjda ^B' ví' wÈldrï;=ud& 5
24 38 12'2 fmd,a ,o ieá ^m%nkaO rpkh& 5
ix
mgqk
msgqj
wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh iii
ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a ysñf.a mKsúvh iv
úIhud,d lñgqj v - vii
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia viii - ix
mgqk x
úIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;h xi - xxviii
bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia
f.dú ìßhf.a kqjK 2-3

m%ia;dj msre¿ yd b`.s jels 4-5
irKxlr i`.rc f;rKqfjda 6-8
iudkd¾: mo 9-10
wlaIr ud,dj 11- 12
wlaIr úkHdih 13-15
Thsrhsf¾ Ths rdud ^ù f.dú;ek& 16
kdu mo ^jpk fNaoh yd mqreI fNaoh& 17-18
Y%S ,xldfõ wysl=KaÀl ck;dj 19-22
kdu mo ^Wla; - wkqla; fNaoh& 23-24
fï ldf.a foda lu;d ^cklú& 25
úreoaOd¾: mo 26-27
tâukaaâ mSßia ro.=re;=ud 28
l%shd mo ^mQ¾j l%shd" ñY% l%shd& 29-30
l;dnyg ixhuhla îqyo ixjdo& 32-33
;s,uqÜÀ cd;lh 34
wfma f,day ;dlaIKfha hg.shdj 35-36
jdlH Í;s 37-39
rdcldß ,sms 40-42
wdrdOkd m;% 43
iskd l=uß ^kQ;k lú& 44-46
ri lú f.d;uq" lú ri ú`Èuq ^mµ ks¾udK& 47
jdlH rpkh 48-49
wms ksfõok lshjuq $ ud;Dldkql+, l;d 50
f,djg ;¾ckhla jk úµq;a wmøjH 51
mo fn§u 52
ils iò fmfka iufkd< ., kef.kysr 53-54
;ks mo
x
s
iqok .=K ^f,dafldamldrh yd ;srelal=r,a& 55
ud ÿgq uq,a ysre fmkajQ ,xld ^foaYdNsudkS .S;h& 56
ÿx ÿughs w`.=re ughs ^.=jkaúÿ,s jevigyk& 57
úfYaIK mo 58-59
ilia lg fkdlS lg ^Yío k.d lshùu& 60-61
úrdu ,laIK 62-63
mqia;ld,hg msh k.uq ^ksYaYío lshùu& 64
f;dmams fjf<kaod ^fonia rpkh& 65
hy¿fjda ^B' ví' wÈldrï;=ud& 66-67
fmd,a ,o ieá ^ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaO rpkh& 68-70
xi
úIh ks¾foaYh
7 fY%aKsh
^2016 isg l%shd;aul flf¾&

NdId udkj Ydia;% yd iudc úoHd mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
Y%S ,xldj'
xii
ye|skaùu
wkd.; f,dalfha wNsfhda. ch.ekSug iu;a ore mrmqrla rgg odhdo lsÍfï ld¾h Ndrfha jeä j.lSu ysñjkafka wOHdmkhg h' YS>%fhka
jHdma; jk oekqu Wlyd .ekSu i|yd wjYH NdId l=i,;d ixj¾Okh lsÍu w;HjYH lreKls' isxy, NdIdj" Y%s ,xldfõ mdi,a wOHdmkfha m%Odk
udOH NdIdj fõ' isxy, NdIdj we;=`M j wfkl=;a úIh yeoEÍu i|yd isxy, NdIdj ms<sn| ksjerÈ oekqu w;HjYH h' NdIdfõ p;=¾úO l=i,;d j¾Okh
lr .ekSfuka úIh idOk uÜgu by< ;,hlg kxjd,sh yels h' ish¨ úIhkays idOk uÜgu j¾Okh i|yd NdId oekqu wjYH fyhska isxy, NdIdj
ms<sn| l=i,;d ixj¾Okh lsÍu ujqni isxy, úIhfha j.lSula f,i y÷kd f.k we;'
isxy, NdIdj ishjia .Kkdjla ;siafia úldYkh jQ NdIdjls' ta ksid u tys úúO jdlH Í;s fuka u NdId jHjydr o olakg ,efí' tajd wOHhkh
lsÍfuka NdId udul;ajfhka hq;= j lghq;= lsÍug fhduq jkq we;ehs wfmalaId flf¾' isxy, idys;Hh" isxy, NdId úIh iu. taldnoaO jQ úIh
fldgils' ohdj" lreKdj wdos udkj .=KO¾uj,ska fyì iqLkuH ukilska yd iunr fm!reIhlska hq;= ixfõ§ ore mrmqrla ìys lsÍu i|yd;a idys;H
fiajkh w;HjYH idOlhls'
kj úIh ks¾foaYh ilia lsÍu i|yd oekg l%shd;aul úIh ks¾foaYh mdol lr f.k we;' ta wkqj kj úIh ks¾foaYh o ksmqK;d mdol j bÈßm;a
flf¾' fuu úIh ks¾foaYh ilia lsÍfï § wdpd¾h cekÜ frfkda,aâia uy;añhf.a iy wdpd¾h fikr;a kdkdhlaldr uy;df.a Y%S ,xldfõ 6 - 9 fY%aKs
i|yd úIh m%ñ;s rduqj (Standards for grade 6 - 9 subjects in Sri Lankan Schools. Authors - Dr. Janet Reynolds and Dr. Senarath Nanayakkara) kue;s
f,aLkfha we;eï wx. WÑ; mßÈ fhdod f.k we;'
xiii
cd;sl fmdÿ wruqKq
mqoa.,hdg yd iudchg wod< jk m%Odk cd;sl wruqKq lrd <`.d ùu iòyd mqoa.,hkag iy lKavdhïj,g cd;sl wOHdmk moaO;shg iydh úh hq;= h'
jir .Kkdjla uq¿,af,a Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk wOHdmk jd¾;d iy f,aLk u.ska mqoa., yd cd;sl wjYH;djka imqrd,Su iòyd wruqKq kshu lrkq ,eî
h' iuld,Sk wOHdmk jHqyhka yd l%shdj,sh ;=< oelsh yels ÿ¾j,;d ksid OrKSh udkj ixj¾Ok ixl,am rduqj we;=<; wOHdmkfhka <``.dlr .;
hq;= my; oelafjk wruqKq imqrd .ekSu wOHdmk moaO;sh iòyd jQ ;u bÈß oelau f,ig cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska m%;HlaI fldg f.k
we;'
I udkj wNsudkhg .re lsrSfï ixl,amhla u; msysgd Y%S ,dxlsl nyqúO iudcfha ixialD;sl úúO;ajh wjfndaO lr .ksñka cd;sl
taldnoaO;dj" cd;sl Rcq .=Kh" cd;sl iu.sh" tluq;=lu iy iduh m%j¾Okh lsrSfuka cd;sh f.dv .ekSu iy Y%S ,dxlSh wkkH;dj
;yjqre lsÍu'
II fjkia jk f,dalhl wNsfhda.hkag m%;spdr olajk w;r cd;sl Wreufha udye`.s odhdo y`ÿkd .ekSu iy ixrlaIKh lsÍu'
III udkj whs;sjdislï .re lsÍu" hq;=lï yd j.lSï ms<snò oekqj;a ùu" yDohdx.u ne`§ulska hq;= j tlsfkld flfrys ie,ls,su;a ùu hk
.=Kdx. m%j¾Okh lsÍug bjy,a jk iudc idOdrK;aj iïu;hka iy m%cd;ka;%sl Ôjk rgdjla .eí jQ mßirhla ks¾udK lsÍu iy
mj;ajd f.k hdug iydh ùu'
IV mqoa.,hkaf.a udkisl yd YdÍßl iqj iïm; iy udkj w.hkag .re lsÍu u; mokï jQ ;sridr Ôjk l%uhla m%j¾Okh lsÍu'
V iqiudys; jQ iunr fm!reIhla iòyd ks¾udmK yelshdj" wdrïNl Yla;sh úpdrYS,S Ñka;kh" j.lSu yd j.ùu we;=`M fjk;a Okd;aul
wx. ,laIK ixj¾Okh lsÍu'
VI mqoa.,hdf.a iy cd;sfha Ôj.=Kh jeäÈhqKq flfrk iy Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh iòyd odhl jk M,odhs ld¾hhka iòyd wOHdmkh
u.ska udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh lsÍu'
VII YS>%fhka fjkia jk f,dalhla ;=< isÿ jk fjkialï wkqj yev.eiaùug yd tajd md,kh lr .ekSug mqoa.,hska iqodkï lsÍu iy ixlS¾K
yd wkfmalaIs; wjia:djkag id¾:l j uqyqK §fï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu'
VIII cd;Hka;r m%cdj w;r f.!rjkSh ia:dkhla ysñ lr .ekSug odhl jk hqla;sh iudk;ajh iy wfkHdakH .re;ajh u; mokï jQ wdl,am
xiv
uQ,sl ksmqK;d
wOHdmkh u.ska j¾Okh flfrk my; oelafjk uQ,sl ksmqK;d by; iòyka cd;sl wruqKq bgqlr .ekSug odhl jkq we;
(I) ikaksfõok ksmqK;d
idlaIr;dj" ixLHd ms<snò oekqu" rEml Ndú;h iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;dj hk wkqldKav 4la u; ikaksfõok ksmqK;d mokï lr
.kS'
idlaIr;dj : idjOdk j weyqïlka §u meyeÈ,s j l:d lsÍu" f;areï .ekSu iòyd lsshùu" ksjer§ j iy ksrjq,a j ,sùu"
M,odhs whqßka woyia yqjudre lr .ekSu
ixLHd ms<snò oekqu : NdKav" wjldYh yd ld,h" .Kka lsÍu" .Kkh iy ñkqï iòyd l%udkql+, b,lalï Ndú;h
rEml Ndú;h : f¾Ld iy wdlD;s Ndú;fhka woyia ms<sìUq lsÍu iy f¾Ld" wdlD;s iy j¾K .<mñka úia;r" Wmfoia yd
woyia m%ldYkh yd jd¾;d lsÍu
f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;dj : mß.Kl oekqu iy bf.kSfï § o fiajd mßY%hla ;=< § o fm!oa.,sl Ôú;fha § o f;dr;=re
iy ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh Wmfhda.s lr .ekSu
(II) fm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;d
- ksßudKYS,S nj" wmidÍ Ñka;kh" wdrïNl Yla;Ska" ;SrK .ekSu" .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lsÍu" úpdrYS,S yd ú.%yd;aul Ñka;kh"
lKavdhï ye`.Sfuka lghq;= lsÍu" mqoa.,dka;r inò;d" kj fidhd .ekSï iy .fõIKh jeks j¾.Sh l=i,;d
- Rcq .=Kh" bjid ord isáfï Yla;sh iy udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍu" jeks w.hka
- Ñ;a;fõ.S nqoaêh
(III) mßirhg wod< ksmqK;d

fuu ksmqK;d idudðl ffcj iy fN!;sl mßirhg wod< fõ'
iudc mßirh : cd;sl Wreuh ms<snò wjfndaOh" nyqjd¾.sl iudchl iudðlhka ùu yd iïnkaO ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;d"
idOdrK hqla;sh ms<snò ye`.Su" iudc iïnkaO;d" fm!oa.,sl p¾hdj" idudkH yd ffk;sl iïm%odhka"
whs;sjdislï" j.lSï" hq;=lï iy ne`§ï
xv
ffcj mßirh : iÔj f,dalhl" ck;dj iy ffcj moaO;sh" .ia je,a" jkdka;r" uqyqÿ c,h" jd;h iy cSjh - Ydl" i;a;aj yd ñksia
Ôú;hg iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõoS nj yd l=i,;d'
fN!;sl mßirh : wjldYh" Yla;sh" bkaOk" øjH" NdKav iy ñksia ðú;hg tjdfha we;s iïnkaO;dj" wdydr" we`ÿï" ksjdi" fi!LH" iqj
myiqj" Yajikh" kskao" ksial,xlh" úfõlh" wmøjH iy u,my lsÍu hkdÈh yd iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõÈ;dj
yd l=i,;dj
bf.kSu" jev lsÍu iy Ôj;a ùu iòyd fuj,ï iy ;dlaIKh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï l=i,;d fuys wvx.=fõ'
(IV) jev f,dalhg iqodkï ùfï ksmqK;d
wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg odhl ùu'

;u jD;a;Sh <eÈhd iy wNsfhda.H;d y`ÿkd .ekSu'
yelshdjkag iß,k whqßka /lshdjla f;dard .ekSu iy
jdisodhl yd ;sridr Ôjfkdamdhl ksr; ùu"
hk yelshd Wmß u lsÍug yd Odß;dj jeä lsÍug wod< fiajd kshqla;sh yd iïnkaO l=i,;d'
(V) wd.u iy wdpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;d
mqoa.,hkag ;u ffoksl Ôú;fha § wdpdr O¾u" iodpdrd;aul yd wd.udkql+, yeisßï rgdjkag wkq.; fjñka jvd;a WÑ; foa f;dard thg
iß,k fia lghq;= lsÍu iòyd w.hhka Wlyd .ekSu yd iaùhlrKh'
(VI) l%Svdj iy úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;d
fi!kao¾hh" idys;Hh" fi,a,ï lsÍu" l%Svd yd u,, l%Svd" úfkdaodxY yd fjk;a ks¾udKd;aul Ôjk rgdj u.ska m%ldY jk úfkdaoh" i;=g"
wdfõ. iy tjka udkqIsl w;aoelSï'
(VII) "bf.kSug bf.kqu" ms<snò ksmqK;d
YS>%fhka fjkia jk ixls¾K yd tlsfkld u; hefmk f,dalhl mßj¾;k l%shdj,shla yryd fjkiaùï yiqrejd .ekSfï § yd Bg ixfõ§ j
yd id¾:l j m%;spdr oelaùu;a iajdëk j bf.k .ekSu;a iòyd mqoa.,hkag Yla;sh ,nd §u'
xvi
isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh - 7 fY%aKsh - úIh ks¾foaYh
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï m, ld,Éfþo
1'0 1'1 idys;H ks¾udKj,g ijka § ² ft;sydisl l;djlg ijka § ² ijka §fï jeo.;alu y÷kd f.k
ikaksfõokh id¾:l m%;spdr oelaùu' úia;r lrhs'
m%;spdr olajhs'
lr .ekSu i|yd Y%jK - je,súg irKxlr ysñ ² ijka § .%yKh lr .;a lreKq bÈßm;a
yd l:k l= i ,;d ^Y% j K udOHhg .e<fmk f,i lrhs' 04
M,odhs f,i fhdod ilia l< úia;rhla& ² M,odhS Y%jKh i|yd wjOdkfhka
.kshs' yd wjfndaOfhka ijka §u w;HjYH
nj m%ldY lrhs'
1'2 ijka § m%;spdr oelaùfï § ² mqoa.,hka w;r isÿ jk l;dny ² mqoa., úúO;ajh wkqj NdIdj Ndú;
wdpdrYS , S nj yd ixhuh lrhs'
- mdi,a mßirfha mú;%;dj /l
m%o¾Ykh lrhs' ² mqoa., úúO;ajh yd wjia:dj wkqj
.ekSu iïnkaO j mdif,a § isÿ 04
m%;spdr olajhs'
jk l;dnyla
² ixhufhka hq;= j ijka § m%;spdr
olajhs'
1'3 idys;H ks¾udKj,g ijka § ² ckl;djla ² ckl;djg wjOdkfhka hq ;= j
ri ú¢hs' ijka § m%;spdr olajhs'
² ck l;dfjys rij;a isoê a u;lfhka 04
bÈßm;a lrhs'
² ck l;dj, iajNdjh yd miq ìu
úia;r lrhs'
² idjOdk j ijka § jeo.;a f;dr;=re

1'4 idjOdk j ijka § f;dr;=re igyka lr .kshs'
² .=jkaúÿ,s úÑ;%dx. jevigykaa
/ia lrhs' ² igyka lr.;a f;dr;=re wjia:dkql,+
- ;=kam;a rgd ^fÊ' î' Èidkdhl& j bÈßm;a lrhs' 04
² .=jkaúÿ,s jevigykl wka;¾.;h
w.h lrhs'
² /ia lr .;a f;dr;=re wjiaf:daÑ; j
Ndú; lrhs'
xviii
1'5 ksrjq,a j yd ksjeros f,i ni ² ksfõok ² ksjerÈ j ni yiqrejñka l;d lrhs'

yiqrejñka y`v md,kfhka - mdif,a tÈfkod isÿ flfrk ² wkHhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq jk mßÈ
hq;= j l;d lrhs' ksfõok y`v md,kfh;a hq;= j l;d lrhs'
² ud;Dldkql+, l;d ² ksrjq,a j yd meyeÈ,s j ;u woyia 04
^l%shdldrlï& m%ldY lrhs'
² ixhufhka hq;= j l;d lrhs'
² ud;Dldjg wod< j l;d lrhs'
2'0 2'1 ksjerÈ WÉpdrKfhka yd y`v ² mqj;a m;a jd¾;djla ² ksjerÈ WÉpdrKfhka hq;= j lshjhs'
Ôjk w;aoelSï mq`M,a lr md,kfhka hq;= j Yío k.d ² YífodaaÉpdrKh j¾Okh i|yd ² ksjerÈ y`v md,kfhka hq;= j lshjhs'
.ekS u i|yd ls h ùfï lshjhs' l%shdldrlï ² wjfndaOfhka hq;= j Yío k.d lshjhs'
- ilialv 04
mqreÿ w¾:j;a j fhdod ² úrdu ,l=Kqj,g wjk; j lshjhs'
.kshs' - Yaf,dal ² ukd fõ.hla mj;ajd .ksñka lshjhs'
² Y%djlhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq jk mßÈ

2'2úúO ffY,sfhka rÑ; fmd; ² ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lh lshjhs'
m; lshjhs' - mkaish mkia cd;l fmd; ² cd;l l;djl iajNdjh y÷kd f.k
m%ldY lrhs'
² ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lfha l;d idrh bÈßm;a 05
lrhs'
² ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lfhka .; yels
Ôú;do¾Y m%ldY lrhs'
xix
2'3 ksYaYío j lshjd wjfndaO- ² " mqia;ld,hg msh k.uq" ² w¾:djfndaOfhka hq;= j fmd; m;
lr .;a lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs' - mqi;a ld,h iy tys Ndú;h weiqßka lshjhs'
² ls h jd wjfnda O lr .;a lreKq 04
bÈßm;a lrhs'
² lshùfuka ,;a oekqu wjiaf:daÑ; j
Ndú; lrhs'
3'0
3'1 isxy, wlaIrud,dj y÷kd ² isxy, wlaIrud,dj ksjerÈ j ,sùu' ² wlaIrud,dj y÷kd f.k ksjerÈ j
isxy, wlaIr ud,dj
f.k úúO m%fNao hgf;a ² wlaIr ud,dj j¾. lsÍu' wkqms<sfj<ska bÈßm;a lrhs'
y÷kd f.k f,aLkfha - iajr
j¾. lrhs' ² wla I rud,dj ia j r" jHx[a c k
§ ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs' - jH[aPk 08
jYfhka j¾. lr olajhs'
² wlaIrud,dj ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍfï
jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'
² f,aLkfha § wlaIr ksjerÈ j Ndú;
lrhs'
² k " K " , " < " Y " I " i ksjerÈ j ² ,sùfï § ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdih
3'2 ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdifhka Ndú;h' Ndú;fha wjYH;dj meyeÈ,s lrhs'
hq;= j ,shhs' ² i[a [ l wla I r ks j erÈ j jpkj, ² k " K " , " < " Y " I " i wl=re
fh§u' ksjerÈ j fhdohs' 07
² w,amm%dK" uydm%dK ksjerÈ j Ndú;h' ² i[a[l wlaIr ksjerÈ j Ndú;
lrhs'
² w,amm%dK iy Bg wod< uydm%dK
wlaIr ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs'
² ,s m s f,a L kj, wla I r úkHdih
ksjerÈ lrhs'
xx
4'0 4'1 ² úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍu' ² úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈ j kï lrhs'
Ys,amSh m%fhda. Ndú; úrdu ,l= Kq ks j erÈ j Ndú; - flá br" we, br" fo;s;' ² úrdu ,l= Kq fhdoñka f,a Lkfha
lrñka ksjerÈ j f,aLk lrñka ,shhs' ^l%shdldrlï& fhfohs' 04
ld¾hfha fhfohs' ² úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍfï
jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs'
4'2 ² jpkhl uq,ska fhfok Wmi¾. yd ² w¾:j;a j mo fnod ,sùfï jeo.;alu

mo fn§fï iïu; Í;ss wkq.ukh w.ska fhfok m%;H" jpkhg tla lr meyeÈ,s lrhs'
lrñka ,shhs' ,sùu' ² Wmi¾." jpkj, uq,g tlafldg 04
,shhs'
² m%;H" jpkj, w.g tlafldg ,shhs'
5'0 5'1 ² iudkd¾: mo ² úúO mo j¾. y÷kd f.k m%ldY

NdIduh ld¾hfha § jdlafldaIhS oekqu m%o¾Ykh lrhs' ² úreoaOd¾: mo lrhs'
jdla f l da I h " NdId ² úfYaIK mo ² úúO mo j¾.j, iajNdjh úia;r
iï m% o dh yd NdId ² ;ks mo lrhs'
jHjydr ms< sn | oekqu ² f,aLkfha § úúO mo w¾:j;a j 05
m%o¾Ykh lrhs' Ndú; lrhs'
xxi
5'2 ² rEÎ ^b`.s jels& ² idïm% o dhs l fhÿï úfYa I hla

idïm% o dhs l fhÿï NdIduh ² m%ia;dj msre`M jYfhka rEÎ yd m%ia;dj msre`M y÷kd
ld¾hfha § WÑ; mßÈ Ndú; lrhs' ^l%shdldrlï& f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'
² NdIdj fmdaIKh i|yd idïm%odhsl
06
fhÿïj, jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'
² rEÎ yd m%ia;d msre`M Ndú; lrñka
woyia úÑ;%j;a j bÈßm;a lrhs'
5'3 ² lDIs l¾udka ;h yd ne÷Kq NdId

NdId jHjydrfha úúO;d ² lDIs l¾udka ; h wdY% s ; NdId jHjydrfha úúO;d y÷kd f.k
y÷kd f.k NdIdj Ndú; lrhs' jHjydr' meyeÈ,s lrhs' 05
- ù f.dú;ek ² ù f.dú;ek yd ne÷Kq NdId jHjydr
y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'
² ù f.dú;ek wdY%s; jpk w¾:j;a j
Ndú; lrhs'
6'1 ² jpk fNaoh ² Wla; kdu mo yd wkqla; kdu mo

6'0 kdumo yd tys m%fNa o ms< sno ² mqreI fNaoh ksoiqka iys; j bÈßm;a lrhs'
iïu ; NdId Í ;s wjfndaOfhka hq;= j f,aLkfha ² ,sx. fNaoh ² kdu moj, Wla; yd wkqla; fNaoh
wkq.ukh lrñka f,aLk fhfohs' 08
² Wla; wkqlal fNaoh y÷kd f.k jdlHj, fhfohs'
ld¾hfha fhfohs' ^l%shdldrlï& ² f,aLkfha § Wla; yd wkqla; kdu
mo ksjerÈ j fhÈh hq;= nj ms<.
s kshs'
xxii
6'2 ² l%shd mo j¾. lr olajhs'

l%shd mo iy tys m%fNao ms<sn| ² mQ¾j l%shd ² mQ¾j l%shd yd ñY% l%shd w;r fjki
wjfnda O fhka hq ; = j f,a L k ² ñY% l%shd meyeÈ,s lrhs' 06
ld¾hfha fhfohs' ² f,aLkfha § ñY% l%shd mo ksjerÈ j
Ndú; lrhs'
² f,aLkfha § mQ¾j l%shd mo ksjerÈ j
Ndú; lrhs'
6'3 ² Wla;h " l¾uh " wdLHd;h .ek ² jdlHhl uQ,sldx. y÷kd f.k
iïu; Í;sj,g wkq.; j jdlH ie,ls,su;a fjñka ld, fNaoh wkqj bÈßm;a lrhs'
,shhs' jdlH ,sùu ² Wla;h " l¾uh yd wdLHd;h flfrys 06
ie,ls,su;a fjñka jdlH ,shhs'
² ld, fNa oh flfrys ie,ls,s u;a
fjñka jdlH ks¾udKh lrhs'
7'0
NdIdj ks r jq , a j yd 7'1 ² rdcldß ,smh
s l we;=<;a uQ,l
s dx. kï
ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrñka f;dr;=re ikakf
s õokh i|yd ,sms ² rdcldß ,sms lrhs'
f,aLkfha fhfohs' ,shhs' ² fm!oa.,sl ,sms ^l%shdldrlï& ² f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh i|yd ,sms
,sùfï jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'
² ,sms ,sùfï § Ys,amSh m%fhda. Ndú; 08
lrhs'
² fhda.H wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka ,sms
,shhs'
xxiii
7'2 ² m%dfhda.sl wjYH;d i|yd Ndú; lrk

m%dfhda.sl wjYH;d i|yd f,aLk ² wdrdOkd m;% f,aLk kï lrhs'
ilia lrhs' ² iqÿiq wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka wdrdOkd
m;% ks¾udKh lrhs'
² wruqKqj,g .e<fmk f,i wdrdOkd
m;% ks¾udKh lrhs' 05
² wdrdOkd m;% ks¾udKfha § Ys,amSh
m%fhda. Ndú; lrhs'
8'0 8'1 ² ksjerÈ j rpkd iels,,

a la ilia lrhs'
² ud;Dldkql+, rpkd
NdIdj ksrjq,a j yd lreKq ixúOdkh lr .ks ñ ka ^úúO o;a; yd w;aoelSï mokï lr ² ks¾udKd;aul j rpkd f.dvk.hs'
ksjerÈ j Ndú; ud;Dldkql+, j rpkd ,shhs' ² ud;Dldjg wod< idrj;a lreKq
.ksñka rpkd ,sùu&
lrñka ks¾udKd;aul bÈßm;a lrñka rpkd ,shhs'
f,aLkfha fhfohs' ² rpkd ,sùfï § NdIdj ksjerÈ j Ndú; 05
lrhs'
² rpkd ,s ù fï § Ys ,a m S h m% fhda .
wkq.ukh lrhs'
xxiv
8'2 ² ì;a;s mqj;a m;a ,sms ² ì;a ;s mq j ;a m ;a iy i`.rd i|yd

NdIdj ksrjq,a j yd mdGlhd wdl¾IKh jk mßÈ ² i`.rd ,sms ks¾udK;aul ,sms ,shhs'
woyia bÈßm;a lrñka ² mqj;am;a ,sms ² mdGlhd wdl¾IKh lr .; yels jk
ks¾udKd;aul j ,shhs' ^l%shdldrlï& mßÈ NdIdj yiqrejhs'
05
9'1 ² ixialD;sl Wreuh hkq l=ulaoehs

9'0 ixialD;sl Wreuh yd yr moaO;s ² Y%S mdoh îuk, wvúh& ms<sn| .oH meyeÈ,s lrhs'
ixialD;sh yd ms<sn| j wjfndaOh ,nd .ekSu úia;rhla ² ixialD;sl Wreuh .ek ,sheù we;s
idrO¾u y÷kd i|yd ,sms f,aLk mßYS,kh lrhs' ,sms f,aLk lshjhs'
.ksñka iyÔjkh yd ² ixialD;sh yd yr moaO;s w.h lrñka
cd;sldNsudkh woyia olajhs'
f.dvk.d .ekSu ² Y%S mdoh .ek ,sheù we;s úúO ks¾udK 05
i|yd NdIdj Ndú; lshjhs'
lrhs' ² Y%S mdoh ms<n
s | f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'
xxv
9'2 ² f,dafldamldrh ^f;dard.;a lú 4 la& ² WmfoaY .%ka:j,ska ksrEms; idrO¾u

fmd; m; mßYS,kfhka idrO¾u ² ;srelal=r,a ^l<.=K ;elSu - lú y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'
j¾Okh lr .kshs' 4 la& ² idrO¾u w¾:l:kh lrhs'
² m% d fhda . s l Ôú;hg idrO¾u 06
Wmfhda. jk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
² WmfoaY .%ka:j, we;=<;a idrO¾u
wkq.ukh lrhs'
9'3 ² foaYdNsudkS .S ² foaYdNs udkS ye.Sï okjk moH

foaYdNsudkS ye`.ï
S okjk idys;H - ud ÿgq uq,a ysre fmkajQ ,xld ks¾udK y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'
ks¾udK weiqre lrhs' ^kkaod ud,kS& ² foaYdNsudkS .S;fhka èjks; jk
woyia w.h lrhs' 04
² .S;fha foaYdNsudkS ye`.Sï okjk
wjia:d Wmqgd olajhs'
² " ud ÿgq uq,a ysre fmka jQ ,xld"
.S;h ms<sn| ridiajdohla bÈßm;a
lrhs'
9'4
úúO ck fldgiaj,g wh;a isß;a ² Y%S ,xldfõ wysl=KaÀl ck;dj ² úúO ck fldgia w;ßka wyslK = À
a l
ck;djf.a úfYaI;ajh y÷kd f.k
úß;a y÷kd .ekSu i|yd ,sms m%ldY lrhs'
f,aLk weiqre lrhs' ² wysl=KaÀl ck;djf.a isß;a úß;a 04
ms<sn| ,shejqKq ,ssms f,aLk lshjhs'
² wysl=KaÀl ck;djf.a úúO isß;a
úß;a y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'
² wyslK= À
a l ck;dj ms<sn| f;dr;=re
tla/ia lrhs'
² wysl=KaÀl ck;dj i;= hy isß;a
w.h lrhs'
xxvi
9'5 ² tâuka mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a pß; l;dj

úúO kdhlhkaf.a pß; l;d ² lf;da,sl wd.ñl kdhlfhla lshjhs'
mßYS,kh lrhs' - tâuka mSßia ro.=re;=ud ² tâuka mS ß ia ro.= r e;= u df.a Ôjk
f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs' 04
² tâu ka m S ß ia ro. = r e;= u df.ka
iudchg isÿ jQ fiajh w.h lrhs'
² tâuka mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a pß;fhka
.; yels wdo¾Y bÈßm;aa lrhs'
10'0 10'1 ² B' ví' wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| ,shejqKq

idys ;a h s l " od¾Yks l " idys;ahsl yd od¾Yksl f;dr;=re ² B' ví' wÈldrï;=udf.a o¾Ykh ,sms f,aLk lshjhs'
úoHd;aul yd ;dlaIKsl we;=<;a ,sms f,aLk weiqre lrhs' ² wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a
f;dr;= r e we;= < ;a lrhs' 04
ks¾udK mßYS,kfhka ² od¾Ykslhl= jYfhka
,nd.;a oekqu úúO NdId wÈldrï;=udf.ka isÿ jQ fiajh
ld¾hhka i|yd fhdod w.h lrhs'
.kshs'
10'2 ² merKs f,day ;dlaIKh .ek ,shejqKq

úoHd;a u l yd ;dla I Ks l ² mqrdK ,xldfõ f,day ;dlaIKh ,sms f,aLk lshjhs'
f;dr;= r e we;= < ;a fmd;m; ² ,xldfõ merKs f,da y ;dla I Kh
mßYS,kfhka ,nd .;a oekqu ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs' 04
NdId ld¾h i|yd fhdod .kshs' ² w;S ; Y%S ,dxlslhkaf.a f,day
;dlaIKsl oekqu w.h lrhs'
² f,day ;dlaIKh ms<sn| jdla fldaIh
wjia:dkql+, j fhdod .kshs'
xxvii
11'0 11'1 ² cklúj, ia j Ndjh y÷kd f.k

ri{;d j¾Okh i|yd idys;H ks¾udK mßYS,kfhka ² ck lú úia;r lrhs'
idys;H ks¾udK y÷kd .;a udkj w;aoelSï m%ldY - f;dard.;a ck lú 8 la ² cklúj,ska m%lg jk udkj w;aoelSï 04
mßYS,kh lrhs' lrhs îsxy, ck lú ix.%yh - wOHdmk biau;= lr olajhs'
m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j ² cklú ridiajdofha fhfohs'
11'2 ² ks¾ÈIag lú fm< .dhkd lrhs'

idys ; H ks ¾ udK ridia j dofha ² kQ;k lú fm<la ² lú fmf<ka èjks; jk woyia yd
fhfohs' "is,s,dfrl fy,aue<s" - Y%S pkaør;ak ye`.Sï úia;r lrhs' 04
udkjisxy ² lú fmf<ys .eí jQ idys;Huh ,laIK
idlÉPd lrhs'
² lú fm< riúkaokfha fhfohs'
12'0
w;aoelSï mdol lr 12'1 ² úúO ldjH ks¾udKj,g mokï jQ
.ksñka ks¾udK moH rpkd ks¾udKh lrhs' ² ir, moH ks¾udKh lsÍu' w;aoelSï y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'
ld¾hfha fhfohs' ^l%shdldrlï& ² ldjH ks¾udKfha § fhdod f.k we;s
ldjH Wml%u y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs' 04
² úúO wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka lú
ks¾udKh lrhs'
xxviii
12'2 ² ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaO rpkh ^wdo¾Y ² w;aoelSï yd mßl,amkh mokï lr

ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaOlrKfha ks¾udK weiqfrka& f.k m%nkaOhl iels,a,la f.dv
fhfohs' - "fmd,a ,o ieá" ^m%nkaO ix.%yh& k.hs' 04
- l=udr;=x. uqksodi ² WÑ; pß; f;dard .ekSfï yelshdj
m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
² m% n ka O l rKfh a § NdIdj
ks¾udKd;aul j Ndú; lrhs'
² m%nkaO ks¾udKh lrhs'
12'3 ² ;ud ÿgq isoaêhla weiqfrka fonia ² kdfgHda Ñ ; wjia : d iys ; l;d
kdgH msgm;a rpkfha fhfohs' rpkh lsÍu' jia;=jla f;dard .kshs'
- fidau,;d iqnisxyf.a ² f;dard .;a l;d jia;=fõ kdfgHdaÑ;
zf;dmams fjf<kaodZ kdgH fm< wjia:d fm<.iajhs' 04
weiqfrka ilia l< mdvula ² kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:djla i|yd fonia
rpkd lrhs'
xxix
bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia
1
01' f.dú ìßhf.a kqjK
ksmqK;dj ( 1'0 ikaksfõokh id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd Y%jK yd l:k l=i,;d

M,odhs f,i fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 1'3 idys;H ks¾udKj,g ijka § ri ú¢hs'
ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 ckl;djg wjOdkfhka hq;= j ijka § m%;spdr olajhs'

 ckl;dfjys rij;a isoaê u;lfhka bÈßm;a lrhs'
 ckl;dj, iajNdjh yd miqìu úia;r lrhs'
mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia (
 ckl;dj, iajNdjh yd miqìu ms<sn| ye¢kaùula lrkak'

 ckl;d ck m%jdo f,i láka lg mej; f.k wd idys;Hdx.hla nj fmkajd
fokak'
 ckl;d ijka §u u.ska o ri ú¢h yels idys;Hdx.hla nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 ckl;d weiSfï § ckl;dj lshk wh yd wik wh w;r iïnkaO;djla f.dv
k.d .kakd nj fmkajd fokak'
 tjeks wjia:dj, § l;dj mjikakdg l;dj wid f.k isákakkaf.a wjOdkh
fhduq lr .ekSu i|yd wkq.ukh l< yels foa idlÉPd lrkak'
 m%Yak weiSu
uqyqKska ye`.Sï m%ldY jk wdldrfhka l;dj bÈßm;a lsÍu
l;dj bÈßm;a lsÍfï § wx. p,kh Ndú;h
 tfuka u l;dj wikakkaf.ka o wik l;dj mss<sn| j m%;spdr újOdldrfhka
bÈßm;a úh yels nj fmkajd fokak'
 fYdalh" ìh" i;=g" mqÿuh" wdÈh wNskh u.ska bÈßm;a úh yels nj;a" tu
wNskhka ijka § olajk m%;spdr jYfhka ye¢kaúh yels nj;a fmkajd fokak'
 Bg wu;r j jdÑl m%;spdr o bÈßm;a l< yels nj fmkajd fokak'
 ks¾ÈIag ckl;djg ijka §ug wjia:dj i,ikak'
 ijka ÿka miq m%Yak k.ñka m%;spdr ,nd .kak'
 fujeks fjk;a ckl;d fidhd f.k bÈßm;a lsÍug YsIHhkag wjia:dj ,nd
fokak'
uQ,sl joka$ ixl,am (
 ckl;d - fmdÿ ck;dj w;r nyq, jYfhka uqL mrïmrd.; j mj;akd l:dka;r
îsxy, YíofldaIh 9 ldKavh&
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 k.=,a uqkakd iy ;j;a l;d - ta' mS' .=Kr;ak

 u. È.g ckl;d ^1 yd 2& - ã' mS' úl%uisxy
2
we.hSu ;lafiarelrKh (
 ckl;djg ijka § m%;spdr olajhs'
 ckl;dj,ska biau;= jk wdo¾Y w.h lrñka l;d lrhs'
 ckl;d tl;=jla ilia lrhs'
 idjOdk j ijka §fï l=i,;dj m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
weuqKqu 1
my; i|yka wNHdij, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'
1' ckl;djla mka;shg bÈßm;a lr tu.ska biau;= jk wdo¾Y fmkajd fokak'

2' wdo¾Yj;a ckl;d tl;=jla ms<sfh, lrkak'
3
02' m%ia;dj msre¿ yd b`.s jels
ksmqK;dj ( 5'0 NdIduh ld¾hfha § jdlafldaIh" NdId iïm%odh yd NdId jHjydr

ms<sn| oekqu m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 5'2 idïm%odhsl fhÿï NdIduh ld¾hfha § WÑ; mßÈ Ndú; lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 idïm%odhsl fhÿï úfYaIhla jYfhka rEÎ yd m%ia;dj msre¿ y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a
lrhs'
 NdIdj fmdaIKh i|yd idïm%odhsl fhÿïj, jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'
 rEÐ yd m%ia;dj msre¿ Ndú; lrñka woyia úÑ;%j;a j bÈßm;a lrhs'
 m%ia;dj msre`M f.dvke.S we;af;a ckl;d ck m%jdo fyda úúO isoaê fyda mokï
lrf.k nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 jHla; f,i woyia m%ldYkfha § tjeks lshuka fhdod .; yels nj meyeÈ,s
lrkak'
 woyia rij;a j yd w¾:j;a j bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd rEÎ yd m%ia;dj msre¿ fhdod .;
yels nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 m%ia;dj msre`M f.dvke.S we;s wdldr ms<n
s | my; i|yka lreKq weiqfrka idlÉPd
lrkak'
 ckl;d weiqfrka f.dv ke.=Kq m%ia;dj msre`M

 mqyq,a fydrd lfrka oefka
 lels,af,a rÊcqrejkaf.a kvq ;Skaÿj jf.a
 .`.g bks lemqjd jf.a'
,ífí lxldßh jf.a'
 ck m%jdo weiqfrka mek ke.S we;s m%ia;dj msre`M
 rhs.uhhs .ïfmd<hhs jf.a

 mrx.shd fldaÜfg .shd jf.a
 úúO isoaê weiqfrka mek ke.S we;s m%ia;dj msre`M

,ín fmdf<dfõ .eyqjd jf.a
 boao .eyqjd jf.a
 fjä ldmq W!rd jf.a
 rEÎ ^ b`.s jels& lsysmhla bÈßm;a lr tajd NdIdfõ fhfok wdldrh ms<sn| YsIHhka
iu. idlÉPd lrkak'
Wod (
uqyqfKa oe,s .EjqKd
 lr, meyqKd
4
 bfya u,la msmqKd
 ,E,a,g mE.=jd
 yska odäh oeïud
 fldg Wv .shd
uQ,sl joka$ixl,am (
 m%ia;dj msre¿ - w;a±lSï iïNdrhla leá l< flá fhÿï'

^.=Kfiak uyd isxy, YíofldaIh - yßiapkaø úch;=x.&
 rEÎ - wuq;=fjka wdfrdamKh l< w¾:h rEÎ h hs'
^.=Kfiak uyd isxy, YíofldaIh - yßiapkaø úch;=x.&
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 msre`M ñKs" - mS' weia' O¾unkaÿ

 .=Kfiak uyd isxy, YíofldaIh - yßiapkaø úch;=x.
 m%ia;dj msre`M yd rEÎ y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'

 m%ia;dj msre`M yd rEÎ wjiaf:daÑ; j Ndú; lrhs'
 ks¾udKd;aul f,aLkfha § m%ia;dj msre`M yd rEÎ Ndú; lrhs'
 m%ia;dj msre`M yd rEÎ tla /ia lrhs'
weuqKqu 1
wNHdi
 my; ±lafjk m%ia;dj msre`Mj,ska m%ldY jk woyia bÈßm;a lrkak'
 l`Mjd udrmk .shd jdf.hs'
 lmkak neß w; bôkjd jdf.hs'
 f,v lmqfgda je, lkjd jdf.hs'
 wnrd is,a .;a;d jdf.hs'
 my; i|yka rEÎj,ska m<jk wre;a meyeÈ,s lrkak'

 wkqkaf.a mdfkka t<sh n,kjd
 w`vfnr .ykjd
 wkQkjfhka fíreKd
 W.=rg fydrd fí;a lkjd
 ;re fmkqKd
 m%ia;dj msre`M yd rEÎ tla /ia lr fmd;a msxpla ilia lrkak'
5
03' irKxlr i`.rc f;rKqfjda

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 1'1 idys;H ks¾udKj,g ijka § m%;spdr olajhs
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 ijka §fï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq úia;r lrhs'

 ijka § .%yKh lr .;a lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'
 wjOdkfhka yd wjfndaOfhka ijka §fï jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 ijka ÿka l;dfjka .; yels Ôú;do¾Y úia;r lrhs'
 my; i|yka lreKq wjOdrKh lrñka ijka §u ms<sn| idlÉPdjl ksr;jkak'

 ijka §fï § wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= lreKq (
 wjOdkh
 wjfndaOh
 ixhuh
 ijka § lreKq u;l ;nd .; yels l%u
 flá igyka ;nd .ekSu
 ijka ÿka lreKq kej; wdj¾ckh lsÍu
 weuqKqfuys i|yka l;d mqj; ^ksy;udkS ix>rdc f;rKqfjda& iqÿiq l%ufõohla
u.ska YsIHhkag fojrla ijka §ug i,iajkak'
 mdvug ijka ÿka miq my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re YsIHhkaf.ka ,nd .kak'
îjka §ug fmr tajd mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'&
1' irKxlr ysñhka Wmka j¾Ih

2' irKxlr ysñhka Wmka ia:dkh
3' irKxlr ysñhkag md,s NdIdj b.ekajQ .=rejre fofokd
4' irKxlr ysñhka úiska ,shk ,o .%ka: folla
5' irKxlr ysñhka msKavmd;sl irKxlr ysñ kñka ye¢kaùug fya;=j
6' irKxlr ysñhkaf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka f.dvk.k ,o msßfjka folla
7' irKxlr ysñhkaf.a iufha ,laÈjg Wmiïmodj f.k wd rg
8' ,laÈj m%:u iÕrc moúh ,enqKq nj ±k .;a miq irKxlr ysñhka uq,ska
u l< foa
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 irKxlr ysñhka ms<snò fmd; m;
.=reNj;df.a w;sf¾l mßYS,kh iòyd -

irKxlr ix>rdc iuh - fldg.u jdÑiair ysñ
6
we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh (
 ixhufhka yd wjOdkfhka hq;= j ijka § m%;spdr olajhs'

 ijka foñka igyka ;nd .kS'
 wik ,o m%Yakj,g ksjerÈ ms<s;=re ,nd fohs'
 ijka § .%yKh lr .;a lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'
weuqKqu 1 (
ksy;udkS ix>rdc f;rKqfjda
uOHu m<df;a" Wvrg je,súg ;=ïmfka kue;s f.fuys" l%s' j' 1698 j¾Ifha § l=,;=x. nKavdr
kñka l=, l=urefjla Wm; ,eî h' fya l=vd l, isg u mskajka; h' is,aj;a h' ieoeyej;a h' ks;s
mkais,a" fmdfydh wgis,a /lafla h' l=vd wjÈfha isg u m< l< fï ,laIK ksid fidf<diajk
úfha § u" iQßhf.dv úydrfha § irKxlr kñka mejeÈ nj ,eîug ;rï fï l=urd jdikdjka;
úh'
irKxlr ysñ jev úiQ fixlv.,mqr iuh ,la b;sydifha yeu w;ska u msßyqK ld, jljdkqjla
úh' furg md,kh lf<daa hqfrdamd cd;Syq h' ,la jeishdg úúO ;¾ck t,a, úKs' mkai,a msßysKs'
NslaIQyq úr, jQy' fï w÷re iuhg wdf,dalhla ,nd §ug iu;a tlu hq. mqreIhdKka jQfha"
je,súg irKxlr ysñhka hehs lSu i;Hhls'
idufKar wjÈfha isg u Wkajykafia fj; oeä Ydia;% msmdihla olakg ,eìK' .=rejreka fidhd
.ula .ula mdid hkakg úh' nd,dj;dr kï jQ md,s jHdlrK fmdf;a uq,a fldgi Wka jykafia
W.;af;a tl, isr.; j isá udflfy,aj, f,õfla rd, kï .=rejrfhl=f.ks' tys b;sß fldgi
m,al =Uqf¾ w;a:oiais ys ñhkaf.ka W.;a f;a h' t;eka isg Wkajykafia ksr ka;rfhka u
Ydiaf;%daoa.%yKfha kshe¨Ky'
fufia wdhdifhka O¾uYdia;% W.;a .sys meúÈ fndfyda fofkl=f.a talrdYS ùula ful, olakg
,eìK' miq j th zis,aj;a iud.uZ kñka m%lg úh' Bg iu.dó j fY%aIaG m`äjre msßila o ìys
jQy'
bf.kSug reÑhla oela jQ whf.a Ydia;% msmdih ixis÷ùu i|yd irKxlr ysñfhda isxy, yd md,s
fmd;a ,sùug mgka .;ay' zidrd¾: ix.%yhZ Wkajykafiaf.a m<uq jk .%ka:h hs' zi;a:dZ kï jQ
nqÿ .=Kh tu.ska ú.%y úh' iso;a i`.rdj" rEmud,dixfoaYh" uqks.=K w,xldrh" t`M fndaêjxYh
yd ffNIÊc uxcqidj Wkajykafia úiska ixialrKh lrk ,o .%ka: w;r fjhs'
tl, isá idufkarhka jykafia,dg O¾u Ydia;% b.ekaùug o irKxlr ysñhkag wjYH úh' ta
i|yd msßfjka wdrïN lsÍug Wkajykafia W;aiql jQy'
kshulkao msßfjk f.dvke.+ Wkajykafia" .v,dfoKsh O¾u;s,l úydria:dkfhys o msßfjklaa

wdrïN l<y' th O¾ulS¾;Hdrdu msßfjk kï úh' .sys meúÈ fomsrsig u oyï wOHdmkh ,nd
§u fuu.ska isÿ úh' fï ksid zrdc.=reZ hk f.!rj kdufhka msÿï ,eîug o Wkajykafiag yels
úh' r;au,dfka mruO¾ufÉ;sh msßfjk o Wkajykafia úiska f.dvk.k ,oaola h hkak m%lg
h' fï msßfjka u.ska úYd, O¾u Ydia;% mqkreohla we;s lsÍug yels úh'
7
iqfmaI, YslaIdldó w,afmaÉP Ôú;hla .; l< irKxlr ysñhka meúÈ jQ od isg u hemqfKa ms`vq
is.d hEfuks' tfyhska zmsKavmd;sl irKxlrZ kï úh' .ñka .ug jäñka" oyï foiñka"
wirKhkag msysg jQ fyhska zwirK irK irKxlrZ kñka o Wkajykafia m%p,s; jQy'
fï w;r bkaÈhdfõ isg nuqKq m`äjrfhla uykqjr rdcjdi,g meñKsfha h' Tyq iu. idlÉPd
lsÍug ;rï W.;a lsisfjla tl, fuys fkd ù h' rc;=ud jyd u irKxlr ysñhka rdc jdi,g
f.kaù h' nuqKq m`äjrhd irKxlr ysñhkaf.a mdKaä;Hh ms<sn| j meye§ m%Yxid lf<a h'
rc;=ud we;=`M ish,af,da u irKxlr ysñhka flfrys meyeÿKy'
Wmimkaùfï uy;a wNs,dYfhka fm`MKq Wkajykafiag th idOkh lr .; fkd yels jQfha

furg Wmiïmodj ,enQ NslaIQka jykafia fkd jQ fyhsks' lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rc;=udf.a Woõ we;s
j Wmiïmodj f.k tau i|yd irKxlr ysñhka úiska ishï rgg ^;dhs,ka;hg& ¥; msßila hjk
,oafoa fï i|yd h'
ishï rc;=ud Wmd,s uy f;reka m%uqL Wmimka NslaIQka jykafia,d úis kula fuys tjQ w;r
tu.ska furg Wmiïmodj msysgqúKs' zishï Wmd,sZ hk kñka furg zYHdfudamd,sZ ksldh îshï
ksldh& wdrïN jQfha ta whqßks'
zuf.kq;a je÷ï msÿï ,nkakg flfkl= fuys isáh hq;= hZ hk woyiska irKxlr ysñhka fuys
§ Wmiïmod jQfha fojekshd f,i h' Wkajykafia t;rï wk;sudkS .=Kfhka hq;= flfkla jQ
nj bka meyeÈ,s h' wk;=re j lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rc;=ud Wkajykafiag ,laÈj m%:u i`. rc moúh
msßkeó h' th oek .;a ú.i Wkajykafia zWv`.= fkdj uyKZ hkqfjka mkaif,a fodr W¿jiaia
u; f;jrla ,shd ;enQ nj lshefõ'
je,súg msKavmd;sl wirK irK rdc.=re irKxlr ix>rdc udysñmdKka jykafia ,laÈjg
úYd, fufyjrla bgq l< NslaIQka jykafia kuls' foaYfha wjdikdjg fuka ls%ia;= j¾I 1778 §
Wkajykafia wmj;a ù jod<y'
- ixialdrl uKav,h -
8
04' iudkd¾: mo

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 5'1 jdlafldaISh oekqu m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 02 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 iudkd¾: mo y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'

 iudkd¾: moj, iajNdjh úia;r lrhs'
 f,aLkfha § iudkd¾: mo w¾:j;a j Ndú; lrhs'
 isxy, NdIdfõ Ndú; úúO mo j¾. y÷kajd §u i|yd my; § we;s igyk
YsIHhkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
 l=vd - mqxÑ
 Wiia - my;a
 w`ÿre iuh" ÿIalr m<d;a
 ms`vq is`.d hefmk - msKavmd;sl
 ta weiqfrka my; i|yka tla tla mo j¾.h ms<sn| flá ye¢kaùula lrkak'
1' iudkd¾: mo
2' úreoaOd¾: mo
3' úfYaIK mo
4' ;ks mo
 iudkd¾: mo hkq iudk f;areï we;s mo nj y÷kajd fokak'

Wod (
wyi - wUr" ..k
id.rh - is`ÿ" ihqr" uqyqo
 weuqKqu 1ys i|yka wNHdifhys isiqka ksr; lrjkak'

 fm< fmdf;ys mdvfï i|yka jpk wdY%fhka iudkd¾: mo ms<sn| oekqu ;yjqre
lsÍu i|yd wNHdihl isiqka ksr; lrjkak'
 jdlafldaIh - flfkl= okakd jpk ixLHdj
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 iudkd¾: mo YíofldaIh - fidaumd, chj¾Ok

 úreoaOd¾: mo fldaIh - ví' tia' lreKd;s,l
9
 isxy, NdIdfõ Ndú; jk mo j¾. kï lrhs'

 iudkd¾: mo meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 iudkd¾: moj,g ksoiqka bÈßm;a lrhs'
 mdvfuka f;dard .;a moj,g iudkd¾:j;a mo ,sshhs'
weuqKqu 1
 my; i|yka moj,g iudkd¾:j;a mo fol ne.ska § we;s fldgqfjka f;dard ,shkak'
1' c,h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' wdf,dalh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' W;=ï '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4' le,Ej '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
5' .i '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
6' uqyK
q '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
7' f,dalh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
8' r;a;rka '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
9' is; '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
10' iqÿ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Èh" Yafõ;" rka" c.;a" uki" Oj," Ñ;a;h" lkl" rel" neoao" Èh" jDlaIh
jkh" mjr" fY%aIaG" jpk" t<sh" lsrK" meka" j;
10
05' isxy, wlaIr ud,dj
ksmqK;dj ( 3 '0 isxy, wlaIr ud,dj y÷kd f.k f,aLkfha § ksjerÈ j Ndú;
lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 3'1 isxy, wlaIr ud,dj y÷kd f.k úúO m%fNao hgf;a j¾. lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 wlaIr ud,dj y÷kd f.k ksjerÈ j wkq ms<sfj<ska bÈßm;a lrhs'
 wlaIr ud,dj iajr" jH[ack jYfhka j¾. lr olajhs'
 wlaIr ud,dj ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍfï jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'
 f,aLkfha § wlaIr ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs'
 isxy, wlaIr ud,dj ,shQ mqjrejla m%o¾Ykh lr YsIHhkaf.a u;lh wjÈ lrkak'
 my; i|yka lreKq fj; YsIHhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrjkak'
 wlaIr ud,dj m%Odk fldgia 2lg fnfohs'
iajr - 18
jHxck - 42
 wlaIr ud,dj wl=re ms<sfj<ska ksjerÈ WÉpdrKfhka hq;= j lshùug YsIHhkag
wjia:dj i,iajkak'
 isxy, wl=re ksjerÈ j ,sùfï l%ufõoh y÷kajd fokak'
 isxy, wlaIr ud,dj ksjerÈ wkqms<sfj<sska u;lfhka ,sùug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
 wlaIr ud,dfõ iajr iy jHxck wlaIr fjki ms<sn| YsIHhkag meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 weuqKqu 1ys i|yka wNHdij, YsIHhka ks;r lrjkak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 isxy, wlaIr ud,dj ,shk ,o mqjrejla

 isxy, f,aLk Í;sh - cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
 isxy, wlaIr ,sùu i|yd ud¾f.damfoaY - cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj
 isxy, wl=re ksjerÈ j ,shhs'

 wlaIr ud,dj ksjerÈ wkqms<sfj<sska u;lfhka lshhs'
 wlaIr ud,dj ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍfï jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'
 isxy, wlaIr ud,dj" iajr yd jHxck jYfhka fjka lr ,shhs'
11
weuqKqu 1
my; i|yka igyfkys ysia fldgq iïmQ¾K lrkak'
w B
R
w#
`v
m
j
*
12
06' wlaIr úkHdih
ksmqK;dj ( 3'0 isxy, wlaIr ud,dj y÷kd f.k f,aLkfha § ksjerÈ j Ndú;
lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 3'2 ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdifhka hq;= j ,shhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 ,sùfï § ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdih Ndú;fha jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 k" K" ," <" Y" I" i wl=re ksjerÈ j fhdohs'
 i[a[l wlaIr ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs'
 w,am m%dK iy Bg wod< uyd m%dK wlaIr ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs'
 ,sms f,aLkj, wlaIr úkHdih ksjerÈ lrhs'
 ,sùfï § wlaIr úkHdih Ndú; lsÍfï wjYH;dj my; i|yka lreKq wdY%fhka
idlÉPd lrkak'
 ksjerÈ wl=re ksjerÈ ms<sfj<g fh§u wlaIr úkHdih hs'
 ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdih Ndú;fhka NdIdfõ wkkH;dj iq/flhs'
 jerÈ w¾: u;= ùu je<flhs'
 f,aLkfha jHla;Ndjh iq/flhs'
 úfYaIfhka k" K" ," <" Y" I" i wl=re jpkj, fh§fï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=
fõ'
 isxy, wlaIr ud,dfõ i[a[l wlaIr 5ls'
`." P" `v" |" U
 wod< ia:dkj, i[a[l wlaIr fkdfh§fuka jpkj, w¾: fjkia fõ'
Wod ( w., w`.,

wv w`v
weo we|
wn wU
 isxy, wlaIr ud,dfõ w,am m%dK wlaIr 10la we;' Bg wkqrEm uyd m%dK wlaIr
10la o we;'
 w,am m%dK" uyd m%dK wlaIr ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍu f,aLkfha jHla;Ndjh i|yd
wjYH fõ'
Pkaoh - pkaoh
 by; i|yka lreKq ms<sn| j YsIHhka oekqj;alr fm< fmdf;a i|yka wNHdij,
ksr; lrjkak'
 weuqKu q 1ys i|yka l%h
s dldrlï wdY%fhka YsIHhka ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdih Ndú;hg
yqre lrjkak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 isxy, wlaIr úkHdi wldrdÈh - Y%S ,xld .%ka: ixj¾Ok uKav,h

 weuqKqu 1ys i|yka ld¾h m;%sldj
13
 ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdih Ndú; lrñka jpk ,shhs'
 wlaIr úkHdih ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍfï jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'
 úúO ,sms f,aLkj, wlaIr úkHdih ksjerÈ lrhs'
 wlaIr úkHdih ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍu ms<sn| j wkHhka oekqj;a lrhs'
weuqKqu 1
1 my; i|yka jpk ud,dj wid ,sùug i,iajkak'
^w & 1' o¾Ykh 6' ;reKhd
2' m%o¾Ykh 7' mÍlaIKh
3' f,aLkh 8' n<,d
4' j<,a, 9' jr,
5' li, 10' m<,
^wd& 1' f,alï 6' .d:dj

2' Lksc 7' iNdj
3' YS>.
% dó 8' m%;sM,
4' úYsIag 9' wm,h
5' wd.dOh 10' ndOdj
2' my; i|yka jpkj, ysia;ekg iqÿiq wl=r rjqfuka f;dard ,shkak'
1' wdo¾ ''''' h 6' '''' uhd

2' m%o¾''''' kh 7' yd '''''' K k l
3' ldr ''''' h 8' lr ''''' , < Y

4' mr '''' 9' ll= '''''
I
5' foaY '''''' h 10' m;'''''''''
3' ysia;ekg iqÿiq wl=r bÈßfha we;s rjqfuka f;dard ,shkak'
1' w '''''' , 6' we '''' h

2' le ''''' o `v `. n
7' fyKa ''''' j
3' l '''''' h U `ÿ v
8' we ''''' u
4' y ''''' ò vq .
9' i '''' ,
5' l ''''' , 10' we ''''' ,hd
14
4' my; i|yka fþofha wlaIr úkHdih ifodia ;eka ksfodia lrkak'
ñksid ljr ld<hl f,dj my, jqj o tfia my< jQ od isg fidhd.;a ish`M foa w;ßka o
ks¾udKh lr.;a ish¨ foa w;ßka o iqúfYaI j ks¾udKh jkafka NdYdj hs' ñksid NdIdj fidhd
.;af;a lskï ld,fha oehs ksiaÑ; j u úia;r l< fkd yels jqj;a th ñksidf.a úYsIaG;u
ks¾udKh hs'
weuqKu
q 2
uyd m%dK wlaIr
j¾.dlaIrj, fojk ;Srefõ iy y;r jk ;Srefõ wl=re uyd m%dK wlaIrhs '
zlZ j¾.h - l L . >

zpZ j¾.h - p P c ®
zgZ j¾.h - g G v V
z;Z j¾.h - ; : o O
zmZ j¾.h - m M n N
w,am m%dK wlaIr
j¾.dlaIrj, m<uq jk ;Srefõ iy ;=ka jk ;Srefõ wl=re w,am m%dK wlaIr kï fõ'
zlZ j¾.h - l L . >

zpZ j¾.h - p P c ®
zgZ j¾.h - g G v V
z;Z j¾.h - ; : o O
zmZ j¾.h - m M n N
i[a[l wlaIr
wlaIr ud,dfõ j¾.dlaIrj,g miq j yh jk ;Srefjys ±lafjkafka i[a[l wlaIr hs' w¾O
wkqkdislH hkq o i[a[l wlaIrj,g ;j;a kuls'
`. `c `v `| U
15
07' Thsrhsf¾ Ths rdud ^ù f.dú;ek&

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 5'3 NdId jHjydrfha úúO;d y÷kd f.k NdIdj Ndú; lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 lDIs l¾udka;h yd ne÷Kq NdId jHjydrfha úúO;d y÷kd f.k meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 ù f.dú;ek yd neÿKq NdId jHjydr y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'
 ù f.dú;ek wdY%s; jpk w¾:j;a j Ndú; lrhs'
 isxy, NdIdfõ úúO jHjydr we;s nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

Wod ( m%dfoaYSh jHjydr" jD;a;Skays fhfok NdId ^mßñ; NdId&
 fm< fmdf;a wod< mdvu lshjd ù f.dú;ek wdY%s; jHjydr y÷kd .ekSug
wjia:dj i,iajkak'
 ù f.dú;ek yd iïnkaO jpk YsIHhkaf.ka úuikak'
 tjeks jpk tla/ia lsÍug fhduq lrkak'
 tajdfha w¾: idlÉPd lrkak'
 ù f.dú;ek yd ne÷Kq jHjydr we;=<;a jdlH ks¾udKh lsÍug fhduq lrkak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 ù f.dú;ek ksrEmKh jk mska;+r$ùäfhda o¾Yk

 ù f.dú;ek yd ne÷Kq jpk ,ehsia;=jla
 ù f.dú;ek ms<snò fmd; m;
 ù f.dú;ek yd ne÷Kq jpk y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'

 ù f.dú;ek wdY%s; jHjydr tla/ia lrhs
 ù f.dú;ek wdY%s; jHjydrj, w¾: olajhs'
 ù f.dú;ek wdY%s; jpk$jHjydr fhdod jdlH ks¾udKh lrhs'
16
08' kdu mo
ksmqK;dj ( 6'0 iïu; NdId Í;s wkq.ukh lrñka f,aLk ld¾hfha fhfohs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 6'1 kdu mo yd tys m%fNao ms<sn| wjfndaOfhka hq;= j f,aLkfha
fhfohs'
ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 kdu moj, jpk" mqreI yd ,sx. fNaoh y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'
 kdu moj, jpk" mqreI yd ,sx. fNaoh NdIdfõ fhfok wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 kdu moj, jpk fNaoh" mqreI fNaoh" ,sx. fNaoh i,lñka jdlH ks¾udKh lrhs'
 kdu mo y÷kajd § tajdfha úúO iajrEm we;s nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

 tal jpk yd nyq jpk îxLHd fNaoh&" mqreI fNaoh" ,sx. fNaoh WodyrK weiqfrka
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
tal jpk nyq jpk
jeoaod jeoafoda
f,akd f,akakq
w,shd w,s
 fm< fmdf;a wod< mdvfuka ;j;a WodrK bÈßm;a lrkak'

 tal jpk yd nyq jpk mo fhdod jdlH ks¾udKh lsÍfï wNHdij, ksr;
lrjkak'
 kdu moj, tal jpk yd nyq jpk fNaoh wkqj wdLHd;h fjkia jk wdldrh
WodyrK u.ska meyeÈ,s lrkak' fï iòyd ysia ;eka msrùu" ksjerÈ moh f;aÍu
jeks wNHdi fhdod .kak'
 kdu moj, mqreI fNaoh WodyrK weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrkak'
jpkh W;a;u mqreI uOHu mqreI m%:u mqreI
tal jpk uu kqU Tyq

nyq jpk wms kqU,d Tjyq
 mqreI;%hg wod< kdu mo fhdod jdlH ks¾udKh lsÍug i,iajkak'

 tys § wdLHd;h fjkia jk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 WodyrK weiqfrka kdu moj, ,sx. fNaoh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
17
mqreI ,sx. ia;%S ,sx.
l=l=<d lsls<s
nuqKd neñKs
ñksid .eyeksh
wYajhd fj<U
 ,sx. fNaoh wkqj kdu mo j¾. lr fmkajkak'

 ,sx. fNaoh wkqj wdLHd;h fjkia jk wdldrh WodyrK iys; j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 jdlH ks¾udKh i|yd wNHdij, ksr; lrjkak'
 tal jpk$nyq jpk - ixLHd fNaoh tlla muKla .ek lshefjkafka tal jpk"
Bg jeä .Kkla kï nyq jpk
 ia;%S ,sx. - ia;%S jdÖ njla ye`.fjkafka kï ia;%S ,sx. hs'
 mqreI ,sx. - mqreI jdÖ njla ye`.jkafka kï mqreI ,sx. hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 kdu mohl jpk fNaoh" mqreI fNaoh" ,sx. fNaoh ksrEmKh jk j.=jla'
 jdlH ,ehsia;=jla
 kdu moj, úúO rEm y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'

 jpk fNaoh" mqreI fNaoh" ,sx. fNaoh wkqj kdumo j.=.; lrhs'
 jpk fNaoh yd mqreI fNaoh y÷kd f.k ksjerÈ j jdlH ,shhs'
 ,sx. fNaoh wkqj wdLHd;h ksjerÈ j fhdod jdlH ,shhs'
18
09' Y%S ,xldfõ wysl=KaÀl ck;dj
ksmqK;dj ( 9'0 ixialD;sh yd idrO¾u y÷kd .ksñka iyÔjkh yd cd;sldNsudkh

f.dvk.d .ekSu i|yd NdIdj Ndú; lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 9'4 úúO ck fldgiaj,g wh;a isß;a úß;a y÷kd .ekSu i|yd ,sms
f,aLk weiqre lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 úúO ck fldgia w;ßka wysl=KaÀl ck;djf.a úfYaI;ajh y÷kd f.k m%ldY
lrhs'
 wysl= KaÀl ck;djf.a úúO isß;a úß;a y÷kd f.k úia;r lrhs'
 wysl=KaÀl ck;dj i;= hy isß;a w.h lrhs'
 wysl=KaÀl ck;dj ms<sn| f;dr;=re tla/ia lrhs'
 fm< fmdf;a we;=<;a wyslK

= Àa l ck;dj ms<n
s | ,shejqKq mdvu lshjd tu ck;djf.a
isß;a úß;a ms<sn| f;dr;=re .fõIKhg YsIHhka fhduq lrkak'
 wysl= KaÀl ck;dj ms<sn| f;dr;=re .fõIKh i|yd YsIHhka lKavdhï
l%shdldrlul ksr; lrjkak' ^fï i|yd weuqKfuys i|yka w;a m;%sldj iy tu
ck;dj ms<sn| ,shejqKq fmd;am;a yd ,sms f,aLk fhdod .kak'&
 f;dr;=re .fõIKh my; i|yka YS¾I hgf;a isÿ lrkak'
- wysl=KaÀl ck;djf.a b;sydih
- wysl=KaÀl ck;djf.a Ôjk p¾hdj
- Ôjk jD;a;Ska
- wysl=KaÀl ck;djf.a NdIdj
 wysl=KaÀl ck;dj ms<sn| j ,shejqKq ,sms f,aLk mßYS,kh lrhs'

 wysl=KaÀl ck;djf.a isß;a úß;a y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'
 wysl=KaÀl ck;dj ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ia lr bÈßm;a lrhs'
 úúO ck fldgia iu. iyÔjkfhka lghq;= lrhs'
19
weuqKqu 1
Y%S ,xldfõ wysl=KaÀl ck;dj
Y%S ,xldfõ Ôj;a jk úúO ck fldgia w;=ßka iqúfYaI pdß;% - jdß;% .;s ,laIK
fmkakqï lrk ck fldgila f,i wysl=KaÀl ck;dj y÷kajd Èh yels h' zwysl=KaÀlZ hk
jpkfhys w¾:h i,ld n,k úg zwysZ hkafkka i¾mhd o zl==KaÀlZ hkafkka kegùu" l%Svd
lrùu hk w¾: ,efnk nj fmkS hhs' ta wkqj zwysl=KaÀlZ hk jpkh zkhs kgjkakdZ hk
w¾:j;a mohls'
wysl=KaÀl ck;dj ixpdrl Ôú;hla .; lrk ck fldÜGdihls' Tõyq .ñka .ug

hñka kd.hska yd ß<jqka kgjñka o Ydia;% lshñka o Ôúldj lr;s' fudõyq ;djld,sl jdiia:dk
;kd f.k Ôj;a fj;s' tla .ul Èk y;lg jvd /f|kafka ke;' ie;mqï oyhla muK ÿßka
;j;a ;efkl jdiia:dk ;kd f.k ;j;a Èk y;la ta m%foaYfha jdih lr;s' fuf,i Tõyq rg
mqrd ixpdrh lrñka Èú f.j;s' lKavdhï folla tl u .ul jdih lrkafka o ke;' jirlg
j;djla ,xldfõ jdih lrk ish¨ u wys.=KaÀl ñksiaiq tl ;eklg /ia fj;s' /ia ù lKavdhï
w;r wdjdy újdy lghq;= o Kh .kqfokq wdosh o isÿ lr .ks;s' B <`. wjqreoafoa lrk jev lghq;=
yd ixpdrh lrk m%foaY ms<sn| ;SrKh lrkafka o fuu uyd iïfï,kfha § h'
tl .ul Èk y;l ld,hlg jvd jdih fkd lrkafka t .u wmú;% ùu je<elaùug h'
.ul jdih lsÍug fmr ta .ï jeishkaf.ka wjir .ekSula isÿ lrkq ,efí' wysl=KaÀl
ñksiqkag jdiia:dk ;kd .ekSug ìula ,nd §ug .ï jeisfhda wlue;s fkd fj;s' Tjqkag bvï
iskak ùula fkd jk nj .ï jeishka okakd fyhsks' fndfyda úg wysl=KaÀl ckhd ;u jdih
i|yd lk;a;la fyda md`M ìula f;dard .ks;s' Bg fya;=j ;u j¾.hdf.a ryia wdrlaId lsÍug nj
Tõyq mji;s'
wyslK
= À
a l ck;d lKavdhï jYfhka Ôj;a jk nj by; i|yka úh' fuu tla lKavdhulg
mjq,a fol;a myf<dj;a w;r m%udKhla wh;a fõ' lKavdhï kdhlhd wdrÉÑ fyj;a ' fmßh
ukqIHhï ' ^m%Odk ñksyd& kñka ye¢ka fõ' lKavdhï kdhlhd f;dard .kq ,nkafka lKavdhfï
ish¨ fokdf.a u leue;af;ks' Tyq lafIa;%fha ish¨ kS;s Í;s ukdj o;a" jhi wjqreÿ 30 blau jQ
wmlaImd;S j ;SrK .kakd mqoa.fhl= úh hq;= h' kdhlhdf.a ;SrKhg wjk; ùu lKavdhfï
ish¨ fokdf.a u j.lSuls' lKavdhfï kdhlhd kvq ynj, § wêlrK ;Srlhd f,i o lghq;=
lrhs' lKavdhï lsysmhlg o kdhlfhla isáhs' Tyq ' fldar, udud ' kñka ye¢kafjhs'
Y%S ,xldfõ wysl=KaÀl ck;djg È.= b;sydihla we;' Tõyq bkaÈhdfõ isg furgg
ixl%uKh jQ ck fldÜGdihla f,i ms<. s efka' b;sydifha l=uk jljkqjl § ,xldjg meñKsfha
oehs iaÓr j lsj fkd yels jqj;a ft;sydisl idys;H uQ,dY%h /il fudjqka ms<sn| i|yka fõ'
ioaO¾u r;akdj,sfha zwysl=KaÀl j;a:qZ kñka mqj;la we;=<;a ùu" mkaish mkia cd;l fmdf;a
20
zN+ßo;a;Z yd zpïfmhHZ cd;l l;dj, khs kegùfuka Ôj;a jQ wysl=KaÀlhl= ms<sn| i|yka
ùu ksoiqka f,i oelaúh yels h' fidlß kdgHfhys o bkaÈhdfõ isg meñKs wysl=KaÀlhl=
ms<sn| i|yka fõ' fï lreKq weiqfrka fmkS hkafka wysl=KaÀl ck;dj fndfyda l,l isg
furg Ôj;a jk nj h'
wysl=KaÀl ckfhda iajNdj O¾uh foaj;ajfhka i,ld je÷ï msÿï lr;s' tfy;a we;eï
wysl=KaÀlhska mjikafka ;uka fn!oaOhka nj hs' tfy;a Tjqk fn!oaO j;a ms<sfj;a wkq.ukh
lrk njla fkdfmfka' mkai," m,a,sh" fldaú," fjkila fkdue;s j iEu isoaOia:dkhlg u
jeÿï msÿï i|yd hk nj fmfka' wysl=KaÀl ckfhda yska¥ka fuka isl=rdod Èkh Y=oaO Èkhla
f,i i,l;s' tfia u úIaKq yd l;r.u jeks foújreka woy;s' .j uia lk uqia,sï f.j,aj,g
mjd fkd h;s' tfy;a fn!oaO fndaêi;ajhka iy wyslK
= aÀlhka w;r iïnkaOh Tõyq wdvïnrfhka
m%ldY lr;s'
wysl=KaÀl ckfhda hka;% uka;% .=relï úYajdi lr;s' hka;% uka;% yd .=relï ls,sfodaI
u.ska úkdY ùu fyda n, rys; ùu isÿ jk nj Tõyq úYajdi lr;s' Tõyq l+vdrula bÈl< ú.i
u ta jgd ue;srE .,a j<,;s' ndf.g ms<siaiKq frÈ mdxlv wÈ;s' fï u.ska ls,s fodaIj,ska ÿre
ùug fuka u i¾mhka" jk i;=ka iy wjg .ïj, n,a,kaf.ka wdrlaId ùug yels nj úYajdi
lr;s'
kd.hd wysl=KaÀlhkaf.a ixfla;h hs' Tjqka Ôj;a jk f.me, y÷kajkafka kd b,a,

^kd. .Dyh& f,i hs' wysl=KaÀlfhda ;uka iy kd.hd w;r we;s iïnkaOh b;d f.!rjfhka
i,l;s' wysl=KaÀl msßñ khs kgj;s' .eyekq Ydia;% lsh;s' msßñ khs kgjkafka k<d msôñks' khs
kegùug wu;r j ß<jqka kegùu o lr;s' khs kegùfuka ;%dih;a" ß<d kegùfuka úfkdaoh;aa
f.k fohs' ß<d r`.mEï w;r isxy, rcldf,a wmrdOldrfhl= Wf,a bkaojd isák ieá" fydrd
fmd,a lvk yeá" f;dgqmf<a § fl,a,g hld jeyqK yeá" ;E.s wrka kekao udud n,kak hk yeá
wdÈ fi,a,ï ck;djg úfkdaoh f.k §ug iu;a fõ'wysl=KaÀlfhda khs we,a,Sug o" khs oIag
l< úg fnfy;a lsÍug o olaI fj;s' Tjqka w; khs .,a we;' khs .,a u.ska i¾m úI weoa§u l<
yels njg úYajdi lr;s'
j¾;udkfha wysl=KaÀl ck;dj fjkqfjka fjk u .ïudkhla bÈ lr we;' ta wkqrdOmqr
m%foaYfha ' l=vd.u ' kï m%foaYh hs' tfy;a ixpdrl wysl=KaÀlfhda ;ju;a ÿ,n fkd fj;s'
wysl=KaÀl NdIdfõ jpk lsysmhla
uialka - msysh frda¨ - jxf.äh

;df,a - fíiu brñka - ysruKh
ila - l=,a,
loj - j;=r l,h
mS fmÜáh - khs fmÜáh
21
wysl=KaÀl NdIdfõ {d;s kdu
wínvd - mshd
udud - uj
wÜgïud - kekaod
fmvïud - f,dl= wïud
wkakd - whahd
;d;d - wd;d
uq,a,ïud - wdÉÑ
22
10' kdu mo ^Wla; - wkqla; fNaoh&
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 6'1 kdu mo yd tys m%fNao ms<sn| wjfndaOfhka hq;= j f,aLkfha
fhfohs'
ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 Wla; kdu mo yd wkqla; kdu mo ksoiqka iys; j bÈßm;a lrhs'

 f,aLkfha § Wla; yd wkqla; kdu mo ksjerÈ j fhÈh hq;= nj ms<s.kshs'
 Wla; yd wkqla; fNaoh wkqj kdu mo ksjerÈ j jdlHj, fhdohs'
my; i|yka wdldrfha kso¾Yk jdlH lsysmhla m%o¾Yk lrkak'
1' fouõmsfhdaa orejka rls;s'

2' wms fouõmshka kuÈuq'
1' ñksiaiq .ia jj;s
2' i;a;= ñksiqka oel m,d .shy'
1' <uhs u,a lv;s
2' <uhska levQ u,a mrúh'
1' j,fila ñksidg lvd mekafka h'
2' wms j,il= oel ìhg m;aùuq'
 uq,a jdlH hq.,fhys m<uq jk jdlHfha zfouõmsfhdaZ hkak wjidk l%shdfjka

lshefjk kdu moh hs' zrls;sZ hk wjidk l%shdfjka fouõmsfhda hkak m%ldY fõ'
ta ksid tla Wla; moh f,i jHjydr jk nj mjikak'
 tys fojk jdlHfha zfouõmshkaZ hkak wjidk l%shdjg hg;a jk l¾u moh hs'
ta ksid th wkqla; moh nj meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
 Wla; moh zfouõmsfhdaZ nj;a" wkqla; moh zfoudmshkaZ jk nj;a meyeÈ,s
lrkak'
 b;sß jdlH hq.,j, o ta wdldrhg u Wla;" wkqla; mo fh§ isák wdldrh
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 <uhska lKavdhï follg fjka lr tla lKavdhula Wla; moh mjik úg
wfkla lKavdhu wkqla; moh mejiSug wjia:dj ,nd fokak' fï i|yd weuqKqu
1ys jpk fhdod .; yels h'
 weuqKqu 2ys i|yka l%shdldrlfuys YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'
 wdLHd;hg wkqj Wla;h fhfok wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak' weuqKqu 3ys i|yka
wNHdi ,nd fokak'
 fm<fmdf;a wNHdij,g o fhduq lrkak'
 kdu mohl Wla; rEmh yd wkqla; rEmh w;r fjki y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'
23
 jdlHhl Wla; yd wkqla; mo y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'
 wdLHd;hg WÑ; mßÈ Wla; mo yd wkqla; mo ksjerÈ j fhdod jdlH ,shhs'
 Wla; - wkqla; fNaoh y÷kd f.k jdlH ksjerÈ lrhs'
weuqKqu wxl 01
Wla; mo wkqla; mo ldka

Wla ;;mo
djla ldka
wkq l;a;djl
mo
ñksiaiq ñksiqka orefjla orefjl=
.=rejre .=rejreka oeßhla oeßhl
n,af,la n,af,l= <ufhla <uhl=
isxyfhda isxyhka ks<shla ks<shl
.eñfhda .eñhka uu ud
jeoafoda jeoaoka wms wm
ß<jq ß<jqka f;da ;d
fidre fidreka f;dms f;dm
n<,a¨ n<¨ka ´" ´f;dfuda wE" weh
fudkre fudkreka fya" fyf;u Tyq
j,iaiq j,iqka Tjqyq Tjqka
l=udrfhda l=udrhka
weuqKqu wxl 02
Wla; mo wkqla; mo
n,af,da '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' l=re,a,ka
ks<shla '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
f.dkakq '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
lïlrefjda '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' l,dlrejka
weuqKu
q wxl 03
jdlH ksjerÈ lr ,shkak'
01' fouõmshka <uhska wdrlaId lr;s'
02' wm Èkm;d mqj;am;a lshjuq'
03' l=vd orefjl= ùr l%shdjla lrhs'
04' ud Bg iïnkaO fkd fjñ'
05' kd ysñhkaa oyï foi;s'
06' w¨hu l=l=<ka y`v<;s
07' ysre kef.k úg fudkreka ms,a úoyd kg;s'
08' .=rejreka wmg fyd| krl lshd fo;s'
09' f.dúhka Y%S ,xldj iy,ska fmdaIKh lr;s'
10' .=rejreka mdif,a isá;s'
Wla; mo yd wkqla; mo ksjerÈ j f;dard háka brla wÈkak'

1' ^ñ;=frla$ñ;=frl=& isoaêh úia;r lrhs'
2' wms ^lïlrejka$lïlrefjda& jev lrk ;ekg .sfhuq'
3' ÿgq.euqKq rc;=ud ^fhdaOfhda$fhdaOhka& iu. igkg msúisfha h'
4' ^ffjoHjre" ffjoHjre& f,vqka mÍlaId lr;s'
5' uu wirK îf;la$if;l=& fírd .;sñ'
24
11' fï ldf.a foda lu;d ^cklú&
ksmqK;dj ( 11'0 ri{;d j¾Okh i|yd idys;H ks¾udK mßYS,kh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 11'1 idys;H ks¾udK mßYS,kfhka y÷kd .;a udkj w;aoelSï m%ldY
lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 cklúj, iajNdjh y÷kd f.k úia;r lrhs'
 cklúj,ska m%lg jk udkj w;aoelSï biau;= lr olajhs'
 cklú ridiajdofha fhfohs'

 cklúfha iajNdjh yd miqìu mdvu weiqßka WodyrK iys; j idlÉPd lrkak'
 cklú fm<g ijka §ug yd .dhkd lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
 lú fmf<ys w¾:h meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 f.dú Ôú;fha tla wjia:djla jQ fld< ueãu fuu.ska ksrEmKh jk nj myod
fokak'
 fld< ueãfï wjia:djg wod< w;aoelSï idlÉPd lrkak'
- fld< ueãu i|yd f.dkd f.k tau
- ne; tla /ia lsÍu
- nqÿka isys lsÍu
- lsß b;srùu
 fld< ueãfï oS Ndú; lrk NdIdj mdvu weiqßka WodyrK iys; j idlÉPd
lrkak'
 lú fm< ri úkaokh i|yd u. fmkajkak'
- ;d,hg .dhkd lsrSug yels ùu'
- ir, .eñ joka we;=<;a ùu
- t<siuh ksid rij;a ù we;s wdldrh
 lú fm< rij;a ùug n,md we;s fya;= fudkjd oehs ,sùug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
 fld< ueãu - f.dhï mE.Su

 lu; - f.dhï md.k ia:dkh
 wgq - fldgq - ne; ^ù& ;ekam;a lr we;s ia:dkh
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 isxy, cklú ix.%yh - wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

 cklú I - cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
 lu;a nfiys fhfok jpk y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'
 cklúfha iajNdjh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 ;d,dkql+, j ck lú .dhkd lrhs'
 cklúj, woyi ksjerÈ j bÈßm;a lrhs'
 cklú ms<sn| ridiajdohla ,shhs'
25
12' úreoaOd¾: mo

ld,Éfþo ( 02 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 úreoaOd¾: mo y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'
 úreoaOd¾: moj, iajNdjh úia;r lrhs'
 f,aLkfha § úreoaOd¾: mo w¾:j;a j Ndú; lrhs'
ksoiqka weiqßkaa úreoaOd¾: mo y÷kajd fokak'
 Wod ( fydò - krl

ysñ - wysñ
ÿl - iem
mska - mõ
 úreoaOd¾: mo iEfok úúO wdldr meyeÈ,s lrkak'

uq,ska Wmi¾.hla fh§fuka Wod ( Nh - ks¾Nh
uq,ska ksmd;hla fh§fuka Wod( fyd| - fkdfydò
fjk;a mohla Ndú; lsÍfuka Wod( w`ÿr - t<sh
 úreoaOd¾: mo ,sùu iòyd cklú mdvfuka f;dard .;a mo lsysmhla YsIHhkag

,nd fokak'
 YsIHhka lKavdhï follg fnod tla lKavdhula mohla lshQ úg wfkla lKavdhu
tys úreoaOd¾: mejiSfï l%shdldrlula fufyjkak'
 weuqKuq 1ys i|yka wNHdij, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 úreoaOd¾: mo iys; jpk ud,djla

 úreoaOd¾: YíofldaIh - ví' tia' lreKd;s,l
 úreoaOd¾: jdlafldaIh - ;siai Brsh.u
 isxy, NdIdfõ Ndú; jk mo j¾. kï lrhs'

 úreoaOd¾: mo meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 úreoaOd¾: moj,g ksoiqka bÈßm;a lrhs'
 mdvfuka f;dard .;a moj,g úreoaOd¾: mo ,shhs'
26
wuqKqu 1
 my; i|yka moj,g úreoaOd¾: mo mdvfuka fidhd ,shkak'
br" by<" ÿgq" hg" krl

wfõ,dj" l<
 my; i|yka moj,g úreoaOd¾: mo ,shkak'
<`. -
we; -
W;a;u -
tkjd -
Wv -
 úreoaOd¾:h fok moh fldgqfjka fidhd ,shkak'
m%Yakh - wmeyeÈ,s
läir -
w. - ms<s;=r
meyeÈ,s - lïue,s
wdjrKh - wkdjrKh
uq,
 háka bß weÈ moj,g úreoaOd¾: mo f;dard jdlH iïmQ¾K lrkak'
1' Wfoa msmqKq u, ijig '''''''''''''''''''''''
2' olaI fuka u ''''''''''''''''''''' <uhs o mka;sfha isá;s'
3' fmd<j ksire jqj o fmdfydr fhdod ''''''''''''''''''''''' wiajekakla ,nd .; yels h'
4' frda.S jQ wh '''''''''''''''''''' lsÍug T!IO ,nd fohs'
5' by<g meo .sh Trej iev myr ksid '''''''''''''''''''' we§ .sfha h'
27
13' tâukaaâ mSßia ro.=re;=ud

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 9'5 úúO kdhlhkaf.a pß; l;d mßYS,kh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a pß; l;dj lshjhs'
 tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a Ôjk f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'
 tâuka mSßia ro.=re;=udf.ka iudchg isÿ jQ fiajh w.h lrhs'
 tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a pß;fhka .; yels wdo¾Y bÈßm;a lrhs'
 mdvu lshùug YsIHhka fhduq lrkak'

 YsIHhka iu. tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=ud yd t;=udf.a Ôjk pß;h ms<sn| idlÉPd
lrkak'
 YsIHhka lKavdhï ;=klg fnod my; ud;Dld hgf;a f;dr;=re /ia lsÍug
mjrkak'
1' Ôjk f;dr;=re
2' iudc fiajh
3' ,nd .; yels wdo¾Y
 tla tla lKavdhï /ia lr .;a f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
 bÈßm;a lsÍïj,ska u;= jQ lreKq iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
 fm<fmdf;a wNHdij,g fhduq lrkak'
 w.ro.=re - lsishï rgl fyda ro.=re moú ^lf;da,sl iNdfõ wd.ñl n, m%foaY&
lsysmhl fyda m%Odk mQcl;=ud ^kdhlhd&'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=ud ms<sn| ,shQ ,sms

 PdhdrEm
 tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a Ôjk f;dr;=re ,ehsia;= .; lrhs'

 tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=udf.ka iudchg isÿ jQ fiajh w.h lrhs'
 tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a pß;fhka .; yels wdo¾Y ,shhs'
 mdvfï we;=<;a ÿrjfndaO jpk w¾: olajhs'
28
14' l%shd mo ^mQ¾j l%shd" ñY% l%shd&
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 6'2 l%h

s d mo iy tys m%fNao ms<sn| wjfndaOfhka hq;= j f,aLk ld¾hfhaa
fhfohs'
ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 l%shd mo j¾. lr olajhs'
 mQ¾j l%shd yd ñY% l%shd w;r fjki meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 f,aLkfha § ñY% l%shd mo ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs'
 f,aLkfha § mQ¾j l%shd mo ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs'
zl%shd moZ hkq l=ula o hkak YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lr th ksoiqka lsysmhla
weiqfrka ;yjqre lrkak'
^lsÍula" ùula" ú£ula m%ldY lrk mo l%shd mo nj&
Wod ( <uhd wl=re ,shhs ^lsÍula&

wyfia ;re nenf<hs' ^ùula&
uu mßirfha iqkaor;ajh ú¢ñ' ^ú£ula&
 l%shd moj, úúO m%fNao idlÉPd lr tys uQ,sl fn§ï 2la we;s nj fmkajd fokak'
1' wjidk l%shd
2' wkjidk l%shd
 jdlHhl wdLHd;h f,i fhfokafka wjidk l%shd nj ksoiqka weiqfrka idlÉPd
lrkak'
<uhd fi,a,ï lrhs'
uj orejkag Tjoka ÿkakd h'
f.dúfhda l=Uqre fldg;s'
 jdlHhl wdLHd;h f,i fkd fhfok l%shd mo wkjidk l%shd nj ksoiqka
weiqfrka idlÉPd lrkak'
<uhs ÿjñka fi,a,ï lr;s'
wïud ke<ú,s .Shla .hd orejka kef<õjd h'
 wkjidk l%shd j¾.hg wh;a l%shd mo f,i mQ¾j l%shd yd ñY% l%shd y÷kajd
fokak'
 wjidk l%shdj iu. ;j;a l%shdjla isÿ fõ kï tajd ñY% l%shd nj ksoiqka weiqßka
fmkajd fokak'
Wod ( oeßh .Shla .hñka kegqjd h'
u,a,S l%Svd ;r`.h krUñka w;afmd<ika ÿkafka h'
 wjidk l%shdjg fmr isÿ jQ fyda lrk ,o l%shd mQ¾j l%shd nj ksoiqka weiqßka
meyeos,s lrkak'
wïud n;a Whd" orejkag leõjd h'
u,a,s o;a ueo" uqj fodjd" ysi mSrefõ h'
29
 tl u mQ¾j l%shd moh fojrla fh§fuka ôaú;aj ùfuka& ñY% l%shd ilid .; yels
nj ksoiqka u.ska idlÉPd lrkak'
Wod ( ;d;a;d or lm lmd f.dv .eiqfõ h'
oeßh .S;h .h .hd kegqjd h'
 oS we;s j.=j weiqfrka mQ¾j l%shd yd ñY% l%shd w;r fjki YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd
lrkak' th ;yjqre lsrSug WÑ; wNHdi ,nd fokak'
l%shd mo mQ¾j l%shd moh ñY% l%shd moh

kghs kgd kgñka$kg kgd
y`vhs y`vd y`vñka$y`v y`vd
,shhs ,shd ,shñka$,sh ,shd
lmhs lmd lmñka$lm lmd
 weuqKqu 1ys i|yka wNHdij, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 mQ¾j ls%hd mo yd ñY% l%shd mo ,shd ilid .;a mqjre
 l%shd mohla hkq l=ula oehs y÷kajhs'

 mQ¾j l%shd yd ñY% l%shd ksjerÈ j fjka lr olajhs'
 l%shd moj,g wkqrEm mQ¾j l%s%hd yd ñY% l%shd ilia lrhs'
 mQ¾j l%shd yd ñY% l%shd w;r fjki y÷kd f.k jdlHj, ksjerÈ j fhdohs'
weuqKqu 1
 mdvfuys iòyka mQ¾j l%shd iy ñY% l%shd mo fidhd ,ehsia;= .; lrkak'
 ysia;ekg iqÿiq mQ¾j l%shd rEmh fyda ñY% l%shd rEmh fyda fhdokak'
1' kekaod frÈ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^fidaohs& jef,ys jekqjd h'
2' .=rejre wjjdo ''''''''''''''''''''''' ^fohs& isiqka hyu`. hj;s'
3' uu nifhka ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^nishs& ksjig .sfhñ'
4' wlald fmd; '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^lshjhs& mdvu meyeÈ,s l<d h'
5' wïud or '''''''''''''''''''''''' ^lvhs& ñá '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^n¢hs&

ysi u; ;nd .;a;d h'
 mQ¾j l%shd yd ñY% l%shd mo fhdod jdlH 05la ks¾udKh lrkak'
30
15' l;dnyg ixhuhla îqyo ixjdo&

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 1'2 ijka § m%;spdr oelaùfï § wdpdrYS,S nj yd ixhuh m%o¾Ykh

lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 mqoa., újO;ajh wkqj NdIdj Ndú; lrhs'
 mqoa., úúO;ajh yd wjia:dj wkqj m%;spdr olajhs'
 ixhufhka hqla; j ijka § m%;spdr olajhs'

 fm<fmdf;a iòyka iqyo ixjdoh iqÿiqq l%ufõohla u.ska YsIHhkag ijka §ug
i,iajkak' ta weiqfrka mqoa., úúO;ajhg .e<fmk f,i l;d ny yd ijka §u
l< hq;= wdldrh ms<sn| idlÉPd lrkak' fï i|yd my; i|yka wdldrfha mqoa.,
úúO;d yd wjia:d fhdod .; yels h'
1' NslaIQka jykafia$mQcl;=uka iu. l;d ny
2' .=rejreka iu. l;d ny'
3' jeäysáhka iu. l;d ny'
4' rcfha$mqoa.,sl ld¾hd,hl ks,OdÍka iu. l;d ny'
 ijka §fï § yd m%;spdr oelaùfï § mej;sh hq;= wdpdrYS,S nj yd ixhuh ms<snò
idlÉPd lrkak'
- wjia:djg WÑ; iajrhla ^y`vla& Ndú; lsÍu'
- wjia:djg yd mqoa.,hska .e<fmk jpk Ndú;h
- WÑ; wx. p,k Ndú;h
- ixjr nj
- ijka ÿka miq m%;spdr oelaùu
- l;djg ndOd fkd lsÍu
 mka;h s lKavdhïj,g fnod my; i|yka f;aud weiqre lr f.k mqoa., fomsßila
w;r isÿ jk l;d nyla ks¾udKd;aul N+ñld rx.khlska bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj
,nd fokak'
1' NslaIQka jykafia$mQcl;=uka iu. Y%djlhska lrk l;dny'
2' .=re msßia iu. isiq msßila lrk ixjdo
3' jeäysáhka iu. nd,hska lrk l;d nyla'
4' rcfha$mqoa.,sl ld¾hd,hl ks,OdÍka iu. fiajd,dNshd lrk l;d nyla'
 fuys § ta ta mqoa.,hkag yd wjia:djkag WÑ; f,i ijka§u yd l;dny isÿ
úh hq;= njg Wmfoia fokak'
 N+ñld rx.kh i|yd iQodkï ùug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'
 N+ñld rx.kh bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
 YsIHhka we.hSug ,la lrkak'
 ixhufhka yd wdpdrYs,S núka hqla; j m%;spdr oelaúh hq;= wdldrh m%ldY lrhs'
 wdpdrYS,S j yd ixhufhka hqla; j ijka fohs'
 wdpdrYS,S j yd ixhufhka hqla; j m%;spdr olajhs'
 lKavdhfï l%shdldrlïj, ks¾udKd;aul j yd iqyoYS,S j ksr; fjhs'
31
16' ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lh
ksmqK;dj ( 2'0 Ôjk w;aoelSï mq`M,a lr .ekSu i|yd lshùfï mqreÿ w¾:j;a j
fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 2'2 úúO ffY,sfhka rÑ; fmd; m; lshjhs
ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 Y%djlhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq jk mßÈ lshjhs'
 cd;l l;djl iajNdjh y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'
 ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lfha l;d idrh bÈßm;a lrhs'
 ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lfhka .; yels Ôú;do¾Y m%ldY lrhs'
 iqÿiq l%ufõohla fhdod .ksñka ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lh YsIHhkag ijka §ug i,iajkak'
 mqrd;k idys;H .%k:a lshùfï § Y%e;s f.dapr ffY,sfhka lshúh yels nj WodryrK
lsysmhla u.ska fmkajd fokak'
îoaO¾u r;akdj,sh" nq;airK" jeks .%ka:j,ska Wmqgd .;a fldgia&
 cd;l l;d lshùu i|yd o tjeks ffY,shla we;s nj YsIHhkag wjfndaO lr
fokak'
 ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lh lshùug iEu YsIHfhl=g u wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
WÉpdrKh" y`vmd,kh" úrdu ,l=Kq wkq.ukh lsÍu ms<sn| fuys § wjOdkh
fhduq lrkak'
 ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lfha l;d idrh bÈßm;a lrkak'
- Ys,am yeoEÍug Èidmdfudla <`.g hdu
- ;, lEu
- o`vqjï §u
- ffjr ne§u
- Ys,am yodrd msgj hdu
- Èidmdfudla le|ùu
 cd;l l;djl ,laIK YsIHhkaa iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'
- j¾;udk l;dj
- w;S; l;dj
- mQ¾jdmr ikaê .e<mSu
 iEu cd;l l;djl u fï ,laIKh olakg ,efnk nj WodrK iys; j fmkajd
fokak'
 cd;l l;dfjka .; yels wdo¾Y ms<snò YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak
- l< jro wjfndaO lr §u'
- Ys,am Ydia;% fkd wvqj ,nd §u
- .=rejrhdf.a wkqYdik ms<s.ekSu
- .=rejrhdg fndfyda iïm;a ,nd §u
- .=rejrhdg lD;fõ§ ùu
 tod iy wo wOHdmk l%ufha fjkialï mdvu weiqßka fidhd" zoaú;aj igyka
c¾k,hlaZ ilia lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
 YsIHhka we.hSug ,la lrkak'
32
uiafika - rka ldisj,ska

ms<s i`.,la - frÈ hq.,la
wdpdßNd.h - .=rejrhdg fok .=re m`vqr
kl;a i,iajd - iqn kel;ska
wkHdjla - kS;shg úreoaO
bksífn - Bg miqj
mdgj flfrñ - o`vqjï lrñ
iudê j - i;=gg m;a j
;rï moï i,iajd - iqÿiq ;;ajfha §
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 cd;l l;d lsysmhl fldgila

 ioaO¾u r;akdj,sfha l;djla
 nq;airK l;djla
 Y%djlhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq jk mßÈ ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lh lshjhs'

 cd;l l;djl ,laIK m%ldY lrhs'
 ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lfha l;d idrh bÈßm;a lrhs'
 cd;l l;dfjka .; yels wdo¾Y ,ehsia;= .; lrhs'
 l;dfõ .eguqiq joka i|yd w¾: imhhs'
33
17' wfma f,day ;dlaIKfha hg.shdj
ksmqK;dj ( 10'0 idys;ahsl" od¾Yksl" úoHd;aul yd ;dlaIKsl f;dr;=re we;=<;a

ks¾udK mßYS,kfhka ,nd .;a oekqu úúO NdId ld¾hhka i|yd
fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 10'2 úoHd;aul yd ;dlaIKsl f;dr;=re we;=<;a fmd;m; mßYS,kfhka

,nd .;a oekqu NdId ld¾h i|yd fhdod .kshs'
ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 merKs f,day ;dlaIKh .ek ,shejqKq ,sms f,aLk lshjhs'
 ,xldfõ merKs f,day ;dlaIKh ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'
 w;S; Y%S ,dxlslhkaf.a f,day ;dlaIKsl oekqu w.h lrhs'
 f,day ;dlaIKh ms<sn| jdlafldaIh wjia:dkql+, j fhdod .kshs'
 ,xldfõ f,day ;dlaIKfha b;sydih ms<sn| j fm<fmdf;a i|yka mdvu lshùug

i,iajkak'
 mdvfï i|yka lreKq YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak'
 f,day ;dlaIKh yd iïnkaO fm< fmdf;a i|yka jpk y÷kd .ekSug YsIHhkag
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
 f,day ;dlaIKfha § me/kakka Ndú; l< Wml%u YsIHhkag y`ÿkajd fokak'
 weuqKqu 1ys i|yka ld¾h m;%sldj YsIHhkag ,nd fokak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 ,xldfõ f,day l¾udka;h ms<n
s | ,shejqKq úúO ,sm-s f,aLk" fmd;-m; iy PdhdrEm
 Y%S ,xldfõ f,day l¾udka;fha b;sydih ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'
 f,day l¾udka;h i|yd me/kakka Ndú; l< ;dlaIKsl Wml%u úia;r lrhs'
 f,day ;dlaIKh ms<sn| mdßNdIsl jpkj, w¾:h meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 f,day ;dlaIKh yd iïnkaO jpk we;=<;a lrñka jdlH ks¾udKh lrhs'
weuqKqu 1
ld¾h m;%sldj
 fm<fmdf;a mdvu fyd¢ka lshjkak'
 mdvfï we;=<;a f,day ;dlaIKh yd iïnkaO jpk yd

tajdfha w¾: ,ehsia;= .; lrkak'
 tu jpk we;=<;a lrñka jdlH ks¾udKh lrkak'
 w;S; Y%S ,xldfõ f,day ;dlaIKh .ek" fmd;m;ska f;dr;=re

tla /ia lr fmd;a msxpla ilia lrkak'
34
18' jdlH Í;s
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 6'3 iïu; Í;sj,g wkq.; j jdlH ,shhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 jdlHhl uQ,sldx. y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'
 jHdlrKdkql+, j jdlH ,sùfï jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 Wla;h" l¾uh yd wdLHd;h flfrys ie,ls,su;a fjñka jdlH ,shhs'
 ld, fNaoh flfrys ie,ls,su;a fjñka jdlH ks¾udKh lrhs'

 jdlHhl uQ,sldx. ;=kla we;s nj meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
1' Wla;h 2' l¾uh 3' wdLHd;h ^l%shdj&
fï iòyd kso¾Yk jdlH lsysmhla fhdod .kak'
ñksid or lmhs'
wïud n;a Whhs'
.=re;=ud wl=re W.kajhs'
 tjeks jdlH lSmhla ks¾udKh lsÍug YsIHhkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
 jdlH ks¾udKfha § ld, fNaoh wkqj wdLHd;h fhfok wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 isxy, NdIdfõ w;S; wk;S; hehs ld, foll muKla wdLHd;h fhfok nj
myod fokak'
w;S; wk;S;
<uhd f.or .sfha h' <uhd f.or hhs'

.=rejre wl=re b.ekajqfjda h' .=rejre wl=re W.kaj;s'
wïud n;a msiqjd h' wïud n;a msihs'
 ;j;a WodyrK bÈßm;a lrñka ld, fNaoh ;yjqre lrkak'

 YsIHhka lKavdhï lr w;S; ld, jdlH wk;S; ld,hg yerùfï wNHdihla ,nd
fokak'
 weuqKqu wxl 01ys iòyka wNHdij, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 jdlHj, w;S; wk;S; ld, fNaoh ±lafjk igykla
 ksjerÈ j Wla;h yd wdLHd;h fhdod jdlH ,shhs'

 Wla;h" l¾uh yd wdLHd;h wkqj jdlH ksjerÈ lr ,shhs'
 wdLHd;h ksjerÈ j fhdod jdlH ,shhs'
 ld, fNaoh ksjerÈ j Ndú; lr jdlH ,shhs'
35
weuqKqu 01
' ksjerÈ Wla; moh fhdod ysia;eka mqrjkak'
1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' olaIfhda fjuq'
2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fyaka j.d lr;s'
3' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' nvq úl=Khs'
4' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' n;a msiqjd h'
2' ksjerÈ wdLHd; moh fhdod ysia;eka mqrjkak'
1' <uhs mdi, weÍ f.or ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' lïlrefjda md,u ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' .x.d uqyqog .,d ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4' kx.S fmd;a ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' Wla;hg wkqj wdLHd;h ksjerÈ lrkak'
1' ;re fm< wyfia nn<;s'
2' uu .ug .sfhuq'
3' wms Bfha fld<U hñ'
4' Bfha ? ;d;a;d f.or ths'
36
19' rdcldß ,sms
ksmqK;dj ( 7'0 NdIdj ksrjq,a j ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrñka f,aLkfha fhfohs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 7'1 f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh i|yd ,sms ,shhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 rdcldß ,smshl we;=<;a uQ,sldx. kï lrhs'

 f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh i|yd ,sms ,sùfï jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'
 ,sms ,sùfï § Ys,amSh m%fhda. Ndú; lrhs'
 fhda.H wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka ,sms ,shhs'
 ikaksfõokh i|yd Ndú; l< yels úúO l%u w;r ,sms ,sùu i|yd ysñ jk
jeo.;alu YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak'
 ,sùfï wruqK wkqj ,smsfha wdlD;sh fjkia jk nj;a ta wkqj ,sms" j¾. l< yels
nj;a y÷kajd fokak'
 f;dard .;a rdcldß ,smshla YsIHfhl= ,jd mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'
 ta Tiafia rdcldß ,sms ,sùfï wjYH;dj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 rdcldß ,smshl iïu; wdlD;s we;s nj meyeÈ,s lr weuqKqu 1ys we;=<;a tu wdlD;s
YsIHhkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
 ta weiqfrka rdcldß ,smshl we;=<;a úh hq;= uQ,sldx. fmkajd fokak'
- hjkakdf.a ku" ;k;=r" ,smskh yd Èkh
- ,nkakdf.a ;k;=r" yd ,smskh
- wduka;%Kh
- ud;Dldj
- lreKq
- wjidkh
 rdcldÍ ,sms ,sùfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq flfrys YsIHhkaf.a wjOdkh
fhduq lrkak'
- ixlaIsma; nj
- jHla; f,aLk jHjydrh Ndú; lsÍu
- ms<sfj<" msßisÿ nj yd l%udkql+, nj /l .ekSu
- rdcldß ,smsfha ud;Dldfjka wka;¾.;fha uQ,sl woyi ms<sìUq lsÍu
 rdcldß ,smshla fm!oa.,sl ,smshlska fjkia jk whqre idlÉPd lrkak'
 weuqKqu 1 Ndú;fhka rdcldß ,smshl wdlD;sh iïmQ¾K lr,Sfï wNHdij,
YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'
 weuqKqu 2ys fok ,o f;aud w;ßka tlla f;dard f.k rdcldß ,smshla ,sùug
fhduq lrkak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 rdcldß ,smshl wdlD;s oelafjk mqjrejla
 rdcldß ,ssms lsysmhla
37
we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh (
 rdcldß ,smshl wdlD;sh bÈßm;a lrhs'

 ,smshlska bgq jk fufyh úia;r lrhs'
 rdcldß ,smshla fm!oa.,sl ,smshlska fjkia jk whqre meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 úêu;a wdlD;sh Ndú; lrñka rdcldß ,smshla ,shhs'
weuqKqu 1
rdcldß ,smshl wdlD;sh i
hjkakdf.a ku" ;k;=r

yd ,smk
s h
Èkh
,nkakdf.a ;k;=r yd
,smskh
wduka;%Kh
ud;Dldj
wka;¾.; l< hq;= lreKq
wjidkh
38
rdcldß ,smshl wdlD;sh ii
hjkakdf.a ku" ;k;=r yd ,smskh
Èkh
,nkakdf.a ;k;=r yd
,smskh
wduka;%Kh
ud;Dldj
wka;¾.; l< hq;= lreKq
wjidkh
weuqKu
q 2
.%du ixj¾Ok iñ;sfha f,alï Tn hehs is;kak' m%foaYh mqrd jHdma; jk uÿre
jix.;h u¾okh lsÍu i|yd ck;dj oekqj;a lsÍfï jevigyka l%shd;aul lrk
fuka b,a,ñka m%foaYfha uyck fi!LH mÍlaIl;=ud fj; hefjk ,smshla ilia
lrkak'
 mdi,a pdßld lñgqfõ f,alï Tn hehs is;kak' fujr wOHdmk pdßldj i|yd
fld<U msysá .%yf,dald.drh keröug woyia lrk fyhska ta i|yd wjir b,a,ñka
.%yf,dald.dr wOHlaI;=ud fj; hefjk ,smshla ilia lrkak'
 zc,h iqrlsuqZ ixúOdkfha f,alï Tn hehs is;kak' m%foaYfha ck;djg uqyqK §ug
isÿ j we;s mdkSh c, m%Yakh úi|Sug WÑ; jev ms<sfj<la ilik f,i b,a,ñka
m%dfoaYSh f,alï;=ud fj; heùug iqÿiq ,smshla ilia lrkak'
39
20' wdrdOkd m;%
ksmqK;dj ( 7'0 NdIdj ksrjq,a j yd ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrñka f,aLkfha fhfohs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 7'2 m%dfhda.sl wjYH;d i|yd f,aLk ilia lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 m%dfhda.sl wjYH;d i|yd Ndú; lrk f,aLk kï lrhs'
 iqÿiq wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka wdrdOkd m;% ks¾udKh lrhs'
 wruqKqj,g .e<fmk f,i wdrdOkd m;% ks¾udKh lrhs'
 wdrdOkd m;% ks¾udKfha § Ys,amSh Wml%u Ndú; lrhs'
 m%dfhda.sl Ôú;fha § fm!oa.,sl jYfhkq;a iudcuh jYfhkq;a W;aij wjia:dj,g

uqyqK §ug isÿ jk nj;a tys § wdrdOkd m;% ilia lsÍfï wjYH;dj u;=jk nj;a
YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak'
 lsishï W;aij wjia:djla i|yd iyNd.s jk f,i m%N+ka" úúO mqoa.,hska" {d;Ska"
ys;j;=ka fj; flfrk ,sÅ; werhqu" wdrdOkd m;%hla nj fmkajd fokak'
 ux., W;aij" újD; lsÍï" úúO /iaùï" uq,a.,a ;eîï" ;r`." msxlï" ;Hd.
m%odfkda;aij wdÈ úúO wjia:d wkqj wdrdOkd m;% ielfik nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 weuqKqu 1ys i|yka wdrdOkd m;%h YsIHhkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
 ta Tiafia wdrdOkd m;%hl wksjd¾hfhka we;=<;a úh hq;= ,laIK YsIHhka iu.
idlÉPd lrkak'
- wjia:dj fyda isoaêh
- Èkh
- fõ,dj
- ia:dkh
- m%Odk wdrdê;hdf.a ku
- wdrdOkd lrkafka ljfrla o hk j.
- wdrdOkd lrk Èkh
- ,smskh
 wdrdOkd m;% ieliSfï § úfYaIfhka ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= my; i|yka lreKq

ms<sn| j idlÉPd lrkak'
- wlaIr úkHdifha ksjerÈ nj

- meyeÈ,s w;a wl=re Ndú;h
- ms<sfj<" l%udkql+, nj" msßisÿ nj
- ixlaIsma; nj
- is;a .kakdiq¨ ksudj
- ks¾udKYS,S nj
 weuqKqu 2ys i|yka wNHdij, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'
40
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 weuqKqu 1ys i|yka wdrdOkd m;%h

 weuqKqu 2ys i|yka wNHdi
 úúO wdrdOkd m;% lssysmhla
 wdrdOkd m;%hl iajNdjh úia;r lrhs'

 wdrdOkd m;%hl we;=<;a úh hq;= uQ,sl ,laIK y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'
 wdrdOkd m;% ieliSfï § Ys,amSh Wml%u Ndú; lrhs'
 úúO wjia:dj,g .e<fmk fia wdrdOkd m;% ilia lrhs'
41
weuqKqu 1
wdrdOkd!
ùrfoKsh
iqo¾Ys úoHd,fha
f;uy,a mqia;ld, f.dvke.s,a,

újD; lsÍu
2015 iema;eïn¾ ui 17 jeks

nodod Èk fm' j' 10'00 g
.re wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a

m%Odk;ajfhka
isÿ flf¾'
tu iqúfYaI wjia:djg iyNd.s jk f,i

Tn jykafiag$Tn;=udg$Tn;=ñhg
f.!rjfhka werhqï lr isáuq'
ixúOdhl uKav,h"
iqo¾Ys úoHd,h"
2015'08'02 ùrfoKsh'
weuqKqu 2
 Tn mdif,a j¾I wjidkfha meje;afjk ;Hd. m%odfkda;aijh i|yd iyNd.s jk

f,i b,a,ñka wdrdê;hska fj; heùug iqÿiq wdrdOkd m;%h ilia lrkak'
42
21' iskd l=uß ^kQ;k lú&
ksmqK;dj ( 11'0 ri{;d j¾Okh i|yd idys;H ks¾udK mßYS,kh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 11'2 idys;H ks¾udK ridiajdofha fhfohs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 ks¾ÈIag lú fm< .dhkd lrhs'
 lú fmf<ka èjks; jk woyia yd ye`.Sï úia;r lrhs'
 lú fmf<ys .eí jQ idys;Huh ,laIK idlÉPd lrhs'
 lú fm< ri úkaokfha fhfohs'
 fm< fmdf;ys we;=<;a ziskd l=ußZ îs,s,dfrl fy,aue,s& kï jQ meÈ fm< iqÿiq
l%ufõohla u.ska YsIHhkag ijka §ug i,iajkak'
 miqj meÈ fm< lshùug fhduq lrkak'
 lú fmf<ka èjks; jk woyia yd ye`.Sï ms<sn| j YsIHhka iu`. idlÉPd
lrkak'
 lú fm< rij;a ùug fya;= ù we;s lreKq u;= lrkak'
 ßoauh" ;d,h" Ndú; jpk" mßir j¾Kkd ms<sn| YsIHhkaf.a m%;spdr ,nd f.k
m%;sfmdaIKhl fhfokak'
 lú fm< rij;a ùug fya;= ù we;s lreKq f.dkq lr ridiajdohla ,sùug
YsIHhkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
.=reNj;df.a w;sf¾l mßYS,kh iòyd -

 idys;H úoHdj - tÈßùr irÉpkaø
 l,amkd f,dalh - tÈßùr irÉpkaø
 lú fm<g mdol jQ w;aoelSu úia;r lrhs'

 lú fm< rij;a ùug fya;= meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 lú fm< ri úkaokfha fhfohs'
43
22' ri lú f.d;uq" lú ri ú`Èuq ^moH ks¾udKh&
ksmqK;dj ( 12'0 w;aoelSï mdol lr .ksñka ks¾udK ld¾hfha fhfohs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 12'1 moH rpkd ks¾udKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 úúO ldjH ks¾udKj,g mokï jQ w;aoelSï y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'

 moH ks¾udKfha § fhdod f.k we;s ldjH Wml%u y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'
 úúO wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka lú ks¾udKh lrhs'
 Wiia úkaokd;aul l,d udOHhla f,i zlúhZ ms<sn| YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd
lrkak'
 my; i|yka lreKq flfrys YsIHhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
- lúhdf.a w;aoelSu
- lúfha wdlD;sh
- úß;
- NdIdj
- wmQ¾j;ajh
- Ôjk oDIaáh
 moH ks¾udKlrKh i|yd iqÿiq w;aoelSï ms<snò YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak'
- fm!oa.,sl w;aoelSï
- is;=ú,s
- fmdÿ w;aoelSï
- iajdNdúl mßirfha ixisoaê
fï iòyd kso¾Yk f,i weuqKqu 1ys iòyka lú fhdod .kak'
 weuqKqu 2ys i|yka lú mo iïmQ¾K lsÍfï wNHdihl YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'
 weuqKqu 3ys iòyka f;aud Tiafia moH ks¾udKh lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
 YsIHhkaf.a moH ms<n
s ò ks¾udK we.hSula isÿ fldg id¾:l lú" ks¾udK mqjrejg$
ì;a;s mqj;a m;g fhduq lrkak'
 ldjH ks¾udKhg iqÿiq w;aoelSï y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'

 ldjH ks¾udKfha § ldfjHdaml%u fhdod .kshs'
 úúO wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka lú ks¾udKh lrhs'
44
weuqKqu 1
1' wyfia ;re je,a msß,d

fmdf<dfõ iqÿ u,a msms,d
u.=,a f.j,a folla jf.hs
fï fom<u yev .eys,d
- tia' uyskao ysñ -
2' WKq jeähehs ysref. /ia

f;ud keje;e f.fkk f,ia
.sfhahe jeoe uqyqÿ l=ia
fmfka o wdor fjfiia
- l=udr;=x. uqksodi -
3' fjila fmdah od yq<`.la fjkakg

wïug lshkj y|mdfka
j,dl=<la Wv ud;a ke.S,d
hkjd yeu ;rejla .dfka
- YS% pkaør;ak udkjisxy - -
4' jeys jeye,d ., wdòd nfâ Wkd

wïud to;a ta ., uqÿkg u Wkd
rEgd .sysx mdjq, .,g;a ßÿKd
wïud ;sõ ú,dmh ;ju;a wefikd
- kkaok ùrisxy -
5' fïß wïud oE; ne|f.k

;j u .d:d lshkjd
ysf;a nqÿ isßm;=, we|f.k
ysf;ka meol=Kq lrkjd
wdfhu;a ìu n,kjd
mqxÑ fkdakd ksjka hk od
ksjka fodrlv f.aÜgqj <`.
mdjyka fol n,df.k uu
ksù iekiS bkakjd
tfyu b|f.k j¢kjd
ta msk;a uu mqxÑ fkdakg
wkqfudaokd lrkjd ''''
- r;ak Y%S úfÊisxy -
6' Wmka ìug kqU jeäjd ñil ÿfõ

je¥ ujg kqU jeähla ù o ÿfõ
ÿl Wyq,d bkakg ug yelsh ÿfõ
keõ ke`.s,d ÿre rglg hkak ÿfõ
- ohdfiak .=Kisxy -
45
weuqKu
q 2
my; iòyka lúj, ysia ;ekaj,g iqÿiq lú mo ksßudKh lrkak'
1' l¿ ySká nf;a

iqjòhs we,a flf;a
wehs fï ksÈuf;a
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' fyakg l=Uqrg hk .eñhkafka

mdi,a hk iqr;,a orejkafka
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' we;s ke;s fNaoh ke; úuikafka

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
- ldjH ks¾udKhg fmryqrejla" álsß nKavdr isf,da.u -
weuqKu
q 3
my; i|yka f;aud w;ßka Tn jvd;a leu;s f;audjla f;dard f.k lú fm<la ks¾udKh
lrkak'
1' wïud
2' jkhl wisßh
3' iqkaor isß,l
4' fifkfynr .=re uEKshks$ .=re mshdfKks
5' nla uy weú;a
46
23' jdlH rpkh
ksmqK;dj ( 8'0 NdIdj ksrjq,a j yd ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrñka ks¾udKd;aul

f,aLkfha fhfohs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 8'1 lreKq ixúOdkh lr .ksñka ud;Dldkql+, j rpkd ,shhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 ksjerÈ j rpkd iels,a,la ilia lrhs'
 ks¾udKd;aul j rpkd f.dvk.hs'
 ud;Dldj,g wod< idrj;a lreKq bÈßm;a lrñka rpkd ,shhs'
 rpkd ,sùfï § NdIdj ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs'
 rpkd ,sùfï § Ys,amSh Wml%u wkq.ukh lrhs'

 wdo¾Y rpkd lsysmhla weiqßka jdlH rpkd ,sùfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq
ms<snò YsIHhka iu. idlÉPdjl ksr; jkak'
 rpkd ud;Dldjla f;dard .ekSu
 ud;Dldj Tiafia lreKq /ia lsÍu'
 rpkd iels,a,la f.dvke.Su'
- ye¢kaùu
- wdrïNh
- rpkd YÍrh ^wod< lreKq&
- wjidkh
 iqÿiq mßÈ fþo fjka lrñka ,sùu'
ks¾udKd;aul f,i;a ;¾ldkql+, f,i;a lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍu'
 rpkhl ;sìh hq;= Ys,amSh Wml%u meyeÈ,s lrkak'
- Wla; wdLHd;h iïnkaOh
- wlaIr úkHdih
- jpk fjka lsÍu
- w;a wl=re
 weuqKqu 1ys i|yka ud;Dld wkqj jdlH rpkd ,sùug YsIHhska fhduq lrkak'
 f;dard .;a rpkd lsysmhla mka;shg bosrsm;a lr we.hSul fhfokak'
 id¾:l jdlH rpkd ì;a;s mqj;a m;g fhduq lrkak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 wdo¾Y rpkd lsysmhla
 id¾:l jdlH rpkhl ;sìh hq;= ,laIK m%ldY lrhs'
 ud;Dldjlg wkqj jdlH rpkd ,shhs'
 rpkd ,sùfï § Ys,amSh Wml%u Ndú; lrhs'
weuqKqu 1 (
my; iòyka ud;Dld w;ßka tlla f;dard f.k rpkhla ,shkak'
mßirh iqrlsuq ud ÿgq iS.srsh f,dj Èkk orefjda wms fjuq
fydò isß;a mqreÿ fjuq lshùfï w.h
47
24' wms ksfõok lshjuq

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 1'5 ksrjq,a j yd ksjerÈ f,i ni yiqrejñka y`v md,kfhka hq;= j
l;d lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 ksjerÈ j ni yiqrejñka l;d lrhs'

 wkHhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq jk mßÈ y`v md,kfhka hqla; j l;d lrhs'
 ksrjq,a j yd meyeÈ,s j ;u woyia m%ldY lrhs'
 ixhufhka hqla; j l;d lrhs'
 ud;Dldjg wod< j l;d lrhs'
 mdif,a úúO wjia:dj, § isÿ flfrk ksfõok ms<sn| j idlÉPd lrkak'

 tjeks ksfõokj, jeo.;alu idlÉPd lr ksfõokhl .=Kd;aul nj /l .ekSu
i|yd tu ksfõokj, ;sìh hq;= .=Kdx. my; lreKq Tiafia idlÉPd lrkak'
 ksjerÈ j NdIdj Ndú; lsÍu'
 ksfõokfhka lshfjk mKsúvh f;areï .ekSug myiq jk mßÈ w¾:j;a j
y`v md,kh lsÍu'
 ixhuh wdrlaId lr .ksñka ksfõokhla lsÍu'
 ksfõokfha wka;¾.;h wkqj y`v Ndú;fha § úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq lsÍfï
wjYH;dj
ksoiqka (
 W;aijhl §
 wd.ñl lghq;=j, §
 l%Svd ;r.hl §
 tÈfkod isÿ flfrk ksfõokj, §
 lk.dgq odhl ksfõokj, §
 by; i|yka wjia:d wkqj ksfõokfhys iajrEmh fjkia jk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 YsIHhka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lsysmhlg fjka lr by; olajd we;s wjia:djla
tla tla lKavdhulg f;dard .ekSug i,iajkak'
 f;dard .;a ud;Dldjg wkqj ksfõokhla i|yd wjYH f;dr;=re /ia lr .ekSug
Wmfoia ,nd fokak'
 /ialr .;a f;dr;=re weiqfrka ksfõokhla ilia lr" tu ksfõokh mka;shg
bÈßm;a lsÍu iòyd flaj, mejreula ,nd fokak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 úúO wjia:d i|yd fhdod .kakd ksfõok$ .=jkaúÿ,s ksfõok
48
 úúO ksfõok wjia:d y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'

 ksfõokfha wka;¾.;h wkqj bÈßm;a lsÍfï iajrEmh fjkia úh hq;= wdldrh
úia;r lrhs'
 ksfõokfha oS NdIdj ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs'
 WÑ; f,i ni yiqrejñka y`v md,kfhka hqla; j ksfõokfha fhfohs'
49
25' f,djg ;¾ckhla jk úoHq;a wmøjH ^mqj;a m;a ,sms$ i`.rd ,sms&
ksmqK;dj ( 8'0 NdIdj ksrjq,a j yd ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrñka ks¾udKd;aul

f,aLkfha fhfohs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 8'2 mdGlhd wdl¾IKh jk mßÈ woyia bÈßm;a lrñka ks¾udKd;aul
j ,shhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 ks¾udKd;aul ,smshl ,laIK y`ÿkaj hs'

 mdGlhd wdl¾IKh jk mßÈ ,sms ilik wdldrh úia;r lrhs'
 NdIdj ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrñka ,sh hs'
 ì;a;s mqj;a m;a iy i`.rd i|yd ks¾udKd;aul ,sms ,shhs'
mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (
 fm< fmdf;a mdvu lshùug YsIHhkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

 ta weiqfrka ì;a;s mqj;a m;a $i`.rd ,smshl wvx.= lreKq yd ,sms ,shk wdldrh .ek
flá ye¢kaùula lrkak'
 úúO ,sms we;=<;a fldg ì;a;s mqj;a m;la ieliSug YsIHhkag Wmfoia ,nd
fokak'
 fuys § my; i|yka ,sms j¾. we;=<;a l< yels nj okajkak'
.oH ,sms
moH î|eia$ksi|eia&
flál;d
úúO f;dr;=re
fidhd .ekSï
kj ks¾udK
 ì;a;s mqj;a m; m%o¾Ykh i|yd iqÿiq ia:dkhla ms<sfh, lr fokak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 A4 lvodis
 ì%iag,a fndaâ
 udl¾ mEka
 mdg l+re
 ks¾udKd;aul j ,shjqKq ,sms lshjhs'

 ì;a;s mqj;a m;la i|yd ,shjqKq ks¾udKd;aul ,sms w.h lrhs'
 ì;a;s i`.rdjla i|yd úúO ,sms ,shhs'
 ì;a;s i`.rdjla ilia fldg m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
50
26' mo fn§u
ksmqK;dj ( 4'0 Ys,amSh m%fhda. Ndú; lrñka ksjerÈ j f,aLk ld¾hfha fhfohs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 4'2 mo fn§fï iïu; Í;s wkq.ukh lrñka ,shhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 02 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 mo fn§fï rS;s úia;r lrhs'

 w¾:j;a j mo fnod ,sùfï jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 ksjerÈ j mo fnod ,shhs'
 mo fn§u iïnkaO 6 fY%aKsfha § W.;a lreKq isysm;a lr fokak'

 ksjerÈ j mo fnod ,sùu ksjerÈ w¾:djfndaOhg m%fhdackj;a jk nj ksoiqka
u.ska meyeÈ,s lrkak'
ksoiqka
jerÈ ksjerÈ
fnfka lkfhla fnfkal kfhla
Tyq o l=Kq ll=< fmrg ;nd Tyq ol=K ll=< fmrg ;nd
 j,a" ys" f.ka" wdÈ m%;H jpkhg tla fldg ,súh hq;= nj WodyrK weiqfrka
meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
Wod ( k.rhkays" .fuys" f.j,aj," l¾udka;j,
Tyqf.ka " ujf.ka
 fm< fmdf;a iòyka wNHij, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 jerÈ iy.; mo fn§u yd ksjerÈ mo fn§u iys; fþo folla
 mo fn§u iïnkaOfhka W.;a Í;s bÈßm;a lrhs'
 mo fjka fldg ,sùu w.h lrhs'
 mo tla j ,súh hq;= ;eka m%ldY lrhs'
 mo fjka j ,súh hq;= ;eka m%ldY lrhs'
 NdId ld¾hfha § mo fjka fldg ,shhs'
 f,aLk ksjerÈ lsÍfï § mo fn§fï Í;s wkq.ukh lrhs'
51
27' ils iò fmfka iufkd< ., kef.kysr
ksmqK;dj ( 9'0 ixialD;sh yd idrO¾u y÷kd .ksñka iyðjkh yd cd;sldNsudkh

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 9'1 ixialD;sl Wreuh yd yr moaO;s ms<sn| j wjfndaOh ,nd .ekSu
i|yd ,sms f,aLk mßYS,kh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 ixialD;sl Wreuh hkq l=ula oehs meyeÈ,s lrkak'

 ixialD;sl Wreuh .ek ,sh ù we;s ,sms f,aLk lshjhs'
 ixialD;sl Wreuh w.h lrñka woyia olajhs'
 Y%S mdoh .ek ,sheù we;s úúO ks¾udK lshjhs'
 Y%S mdoh ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

 my; iòyka .S; LKavh YsIHhkag ijka §ug i,iajkak'
iufkd< .sß j<¨ ìfï
uqks isßmd msfmk ysfï
iu lreKd .=K uysfï
wm Wm;ska ,o Wrefï
 Y%S mdo wvúh yd Y%S mdo jkaokdj ms<sn| idlÉPdjla f.dvk.kak'
 Y%S mdoh ms<sn| fM;sydisl f;dr;=re'
 Y%S mdo jkaokh iu. ne£ we;s úúO isß;a úß;a'
 Y%S mdo idys;Hh ^ck lú" ck .S" ck m%jdo" fjk;a fmd; m;&
ffcj moaO;shla jYfhka YS% mdo wvúfha jeo.;alu'
 fjk;a wd.ñlhkaf.a mQckSh ia:dkhla jYfhka o ie,flk nj'
 iqÿiq mßÈ YsIHhka lKavdhï lrkak'
 weuqKqu 1ys i|yka l%shdldrlïj, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'
 Y%S mdoh ixialD;sl Wreuhla f,i y÷kd f.k úia;r lrhs'

 Y%S mdofha ixialD;sl Wreuh w.h lrhs'
 Y%S mdoh weiqfrka ìys jQ idys;H ks¾udK tla /ia lrhs'
 Y%S mdoh cd;sl Wreuhla f,i /l .ekSfï jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'
weuqKqu 1 (
mejreu -
 Y%S mdoh yd ne÷Kq isß;a úß;a f.dkq lrkak'
 Y%S mdoh ffcj moaO;shla jYfhka wdrlaId lr .ekSfï jákdlu bÈßm;a lrkak'
 Y%S mdoh weiqfrka ks¾udKh ù we;s idys;Hh ks¾udK tla /ia lrkak'
 Y%S mdoh ms<snò f;dr;=re we;=<;a fmd;a msxpla ks¾udKh lrkak'
52
28' ;ks mo

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 5'1 jdlafldaISh oekqu m%o¾Ykh lrhs
ld,Éfþo ( 02 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 ;ks mo y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'

 ;ks moj, iajNdjh úia;r lrhs'
 f,aLkfha § ;ks mo w¾:j;a j Ndú; lrhs'
 ;ks mo hkq l=ula oehs y÷kajd fokak' ^fï ms<sn| úia;r uQ,sl joka $ ixl,am
hgf;a we;=<;a fõ'&
 ;ks mo lsysmhla kso¾Yk f,i bÈßm;a lrkak'
 rd;%sfhys yeisfrk - ksYdpr
 iudk fkdjk $ ioDY fkdjk - wioDY
 l< .=K fkd i,lk - wlD;{
 wmdhg flfkl= f.k hd yels - wmdh.dñ
 Wm;ska ,o kqjK - iynqoaêh
 weuqKfuys i|yka jdlHj, wod< fldgia i|yd ;ks mo fhdod jdlH kej;
,sùfï l%shdldrlul YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'
 ;ks mo - mo lsysmhlska fyda jdlHdxYhlska fyda oelafjk woyila tl mohlska

m%ldY lsÍuhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 weuqKqu wxl 1ys oelafjk wNHdih
 ;ks mo hkq fudkjd±hs úia;r lrhs'

 ;ks mo fhdod jdlH ks¾udKh lrhs'
 ;ks mo tla /ia lrhs'
53
weuqKqu - 1
my; i|yka jdlHj, ;o l`M wl=ßka uqøs; mo i|yd iqÿiq ;ks mo jrykska f;dard jdlH kej;
,shkak'
1' fndfyda ÿr olsk kdhlfhda iudchg hym;la lrkafkda h'
2' Wm;ska ,o kqjKla iys; ufy!IO m`ä;=ud trg fndfyda .eg¨ úi÷fõ h'
3' ysre wjrg hdfuka miq wdydr wkqNj lsÍu NslaIQka jykafiag wlem h'
4' ish foaYhg úreoaO l%shdjkays kshe,Su kqiqÿiq h'
5' mqrdK ld,hg wh;a idys;Hh fmd;a m;a mßYS,kh NdId fmdaIKhg bjy,a fõ'
6' my jQ rd. laf,aY we;s W;=fuda w;S; ,xldfjys úiQy'
7' ðú;h hym;a lr .ekSu i|yd wkHhka fok WmfoaY isyskqjKska ms<smeÈh hq;= h'
8' l=reKE., rdcOdksh m¾j; wdÈfhka jg ù ;snQ ksid rcjrekag wdrlaId iys; ia:dkhla
úh'
9' kdgHhl m%Odk wruqK jkafka ri ckkh lsÍu hs'
10' fkdfhla foaYhkays ießierE NslaIqjl jQ mdyshka ,xldjg o meñKsfha h'
^rfida;am;a;sh" .sßÿ¾." foaYdgl" mfrdamfoaY" ¥ro¾Ys" úld,fNdackh" fm!rdKsl" foaYfødays"

iynqoaêh" kslaf,aYs&
54
29' iqok .=K ^f,dafldamldrh yd ;srelal=r,a&

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 9'2 fmd; m; mßYS,kfhka idrO¾u j¾Okh lr .kshs'
ld,Éfþo ( 08 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 WmfoaY .%ka:j,ska ksrEms; idrO¾u y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'

 idrO¾u w¾:l:kh lrhs'
 m%dfhda.sl Ôú;hg idrO¾u Wmfhda.s jk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 WmfoaY .%ka:j, we;=<;a idrO¾u wkq.ukh lrhs'
 mdvfï i|yka lú mka;s fol YsIHhkag Y%jKh lsÍug i,iajkak'

 wk;=re j tu lú mka;s ms<snò idlÉPd lrkak'
 YsIHhka lKavdhï follg fnokak'
 m<uq jk lKavdhug f,dafldamldrfha moHj, we;=<;a idrO¾u igyka lr
.ekSug i,iajkak'
 fo jk lKavdhug ;srelal=r,a lúj, we;=<;a idrO¾u igyka lr .ekSug
i,iajkak'
 ieu lúhl u we;s Wmud tla/ia lsÍug lKavdhï fol fhduq lrkak'
 ta wkqj lKavdhï folg zl<.=K ie,lSuZ iy ziqok .=KZ hk ud;Dld fol
hgf;a ;u wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj i,id fokak'
 iudf,dapkfha fhfokak'
 m%dfhda.sl ðú;hg fï idrO¾u Wmfhda.S jk whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 idrO¾u we;=<;a fjk;a WmfoaYd;aul ldjH .%k:
a lshùug YsIHhka fhduq lrkak'
idrO¾u - iudch úiska hym;a hehs ie,flk .=Kdx.
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 f,dafldamldrh -
 ;srelal=r,a -
 idrO¾u we;=<;a WmfoaY .%ka: y`ÿkd f.k kï lrhs'

 idrO¾u w¾:l:kh lrhs'
 hym;a Ôú;hlg idrO¾u wjYH nj meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 mdvfï tk idrO¾u y`ÿkajhs'
 lú fmf<ys we;s Wmud ,shd olajhs'
55
30' ud ÿgq uq,a ysre fmkajQ ,xld ^foaYdNsudkS .S;h&

f.dvk`.d .ekSu i|yd NdIdj Ndú; lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 9'3 foaYdNsudkS ye`.Sï okjk idys;H ks¾udK weiqre lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 foaYdNsudkS ye`.Sï okjk moH ks¾udK y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'

 foaYdNsudkS .S;fhka èjks; jk woyia w.h lrhs'
 .S;fha foaYdNsudkS ye`.Sï okjk wjia:d Wmqgd olajhs'
 foaYdNsudkS .S;h ms<sn| ridiajdohla bÈßm;a lrhs'
 foaYdNsudkh okjk .S;hlg ijka §ug i,iajñka foaYdNsudkS .S;hlska

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wruqKq ms<sn| j YsIHhka iu`. idlÉPdjl fhfokak'
 tys § my; i|yka lreKq ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
- rplhd fhdod f.k we;s w;aoelSu
- foaYsNsudkh oekùu i|yd rplhd fhdod f.k we;s NdIdj
- foaYdNsudkh oekùu i|yd rfÜ iajNdúl iïm;a" mßirh" Y%S úN+;sh" w;S;
Wreuh wd§ úúO lafIa;% fhdod .; yels nj fmkajd fokak'
 zud ÿgq uq,aysre fmka jQ ,xldZ .S;h ijka §ug YsIHhka fhduq lrkak'
 .S;h .ek YsIHhkaf.a woyia úuiñka fuu .S;h ks¾udKfhka úia;r flfrk
w;a±lSu ms<snò idlÉPd lrkak'
 ta i|yd rplhd fhdod f.k we;s NdIdj yd ldjH Wml%u meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 .S;h kej; ijka §ug fhduq lrkak'
 YsIHhka ijka ÿka .S; tl;= lr foaYdNsudkS .S fmd;la ks¾udKh lrjkak'
 ;uka f;dard .;a foaYdNsudkS .S;hla ms<sn| j woyia m%ldY lsÍug wjia:djla ,nd
fokak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 foaYdNsudkS .S;
 foaYdNsudkS ye`.Sï okjk .S; kï lrhs'

 foaYdNsukS .S;j,g ijka § w.h lrhs'
 foaYdNsudkS .S;j,g ijkafohs'
 foaYdNsudkS .S; /ia lrhs'
56
31' ÿx ÿughs w`.=re ughs ^.=jkaúÿ,s jevigyk&

M,odhS f,i fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 1'4 idjOdk j ijka § f;dr;=re /ia lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 idjOdk j ijka § jeo.;a f;dr;=re igyka lr .kshs'

 igyka lr .;a f;dr;=re wjia:dkql+, j bÈßm;a lrhs'
 .=jkaúÿ,s jevigykl wka;¾.;h w.h lrhs'
 /ia lr .;a f;dr;=re wjiaf:daÑ; j Ndú; lrhs'
 .=jkaúÿ,s jevigykl iajrEmh ms<sn| j YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak'

 .=jkaúÿ,s jevigyklg ijka §ug fmr ta i|yd iqÿiq Wmfoia ,nd fokak'
 tys § ksYaYío;dj" udkisl ixhuh" iqÿiq mßirh ilia lr .ekSu" wjYH
f;dr;=re igyka lr .ekSu wdÈ lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrjkak'
 zÿx ÿughs w`.=re ughsZ .=jkaúÿ,s jevigykg ijka §fuka wk;=re j tu jev
igyk weiqfrka YsIHhkaf.ka jdÑl m%Yak wid YsIHhkaf.a ijka §fï yelshdj
ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
 fujeks jevigyka y÷kd f.k ijka §ug;a f;dr;=re /ia lsÍug;a fhduq lrkak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 uydpd¾h fÊ' î' Èidkdhlf.a zÿx ÿughs w`.=re ughsZ ^;=kam;a rgd& .=jkaúÿ,s
jevigyfka ixhqla; ;eáhla
 .=jkaúÿ,s jevigykl iajrEmh y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'

 .=jkaúÿ,s jevigyklg ijka §u i|yd fmr iQodku w.h lrhs'
 jeo.;a f;dr;=re u;lfha ;nd f.k igyka lr .kshs'
 /ia lr .;a f;dr;=re wjiaf:daÑ; mßÈ Ndú; lrhs'
57
32' úfYaIK mo

ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 úfYaIK mo y÷kd f.k úia;r lrhs'

 úfYaIK moj, iajNdjh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 f,aLkfha § úfYaIK mo w¾:j;a j Ndú; lrhs'
 úúO mo j¾. w;r úfYaIK mo hkak meyeÈ,s lr fokak'

- WodyrK i|yd my; i|yka jdlH fhdod .kak'
olaI ßheÿre r:h fõ.fhka mojhs'
f,dl= whshd mdvu Yío k.d lshjhs'
wfma wïud rig Whhs'
 kdu mohla fyda l%shd mohla j¾Kkd lsÍu i|yd fyda úia;r lsÍu i|yd fyda
fhdok moh úfYaIK mo nj fmkajd fokak'
 kshñ; mdvu ksy`v j lshjd .ekSug i,iajkak'
 fuys § m%Odk w¾:h fok moh zúfYaIHhZ f,i;a j¾Kkd flfrk moh ZúfYaIKhZ
f,i;a i,lk nj meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
 WodyrK lsysmhla u.ska th ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre lrkak'
weuqKqfuys we;=<;a wNHdij, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'
 úfYaIK mo hkq fudkjd oehs meyeÈ,s lrkak'

 kdu úfYaIK yd l%shd úfYaIK i|yd WodyrK bÈßm;a lrhs'
 úfYaIK mo fhdod jdlH ,shhs'
 NdId Ndú;fha § úfYaIK mo fhdoñka ni rij;a lr .kshs'
58
weeuqKqu 1
my; i|yka kdu mo i|yd iqÿiq úfYaIK mo ysia;efkys ,shkak'
1' ñksid
2' mqgqj
3' fjf<kaod
4' lïlrejd
5' u,
2' my; i|yka l%shd mo i|yd iqÿiq úfYaIK mo yska;efkys ,shkak'
1' kghs'
2' ÿjhs'
3' ,shhs'
4' i,lhs'
5' mjihs'
3' my; i|yka jdlHj, ysia;ekaj, iqÿiq úfYaIK mo fhdokak'
1' wlald u,a,sf. we÷ï fiaÿjd h'
2' mQid fnda,h fmr<hs'
3' ydjd fld< lEfõ h'
4' n,a,d mQid iu`. fi,a,ï lrhs'
5' u,a,S mqgqjg ke.af.a h'
59
33' ilia lg fkdlS lg ^Yío k.d lshùu&
fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 2'1 ksjerÈ WÉpdrKfhka yd y`v md,kfhka hq;= j Yío k.d
lshjhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 ksjerÈ WÉpdrKfhka hq;= j lshjhs'

 ksjerÈ y`v md,kfhka hq;= j lshjhs'
 wjfndaOfhka hq;= j Yío k.d lshjhs'
 úrdu ,l=Kqj,g wjk; j lshjhs'
 ukd fõ.hla mj;ajd .ksñka lshjhs'
 mka;sfha ish¨ u isiqka l=vd lKavdhï lsysmhlg fnod tla tla lKavdhulg
my; i|yka bf.kqï øjH ,nd fokak'
Yaf,dalhla ^weuqKqfuys i|yka fõ' Yío k.d lshùu i|yd muKs'&
mqj;am;a jd¾;djla
fm< fmdf;a mdvu
 y`v md,kfhka hq;= j lshùfï § ;sìh hq;= .=Kdx. bf.kqï m,j,g wkqj úia;r
lrkak'
 fnod fok ,o lshùï øjH lshùu i|yd yqreùug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'
 lKavdhï jYfhka yqre jQ lshùu flaj,j bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 weuqKqfuys i|yka Yaf,dal

 mqj;am;a jd¾;d lsysmhla
 jpk ksjerÈ j WÉpdrKh lrhs'

 m%udKj;a fõ.hlska hq;= j lshjhs'
 úrdu ,l=Kqj,j wjk; j lshjhs'
 wka;¾.;hg WÑ; f,i ye`.Sï m%o¾Ykh lrñka wjfndaOfhka hq;= j lshjhs'
60
weuqKqu 01
Yaf,dal
1' iaj.Dfya mqcHf;a uQ¾L(

iaj.%dfï mQcHf;a m%N+(
iajfoafYa mQcHf;a rdcd
úoajdka i¾j;% mQcHf;a
2' wdpd¾hd;a mdo udo;af;a

mdox YsIHhï iajfïOhd
mdox iín%yaupdÍkdï
mdox ld,l%fïk p
3' Woafhdaf.akys isoaOHka;s

ld¾hdks k ufkdarff:(
k ys iqma;iH isxyiH
m%úYka;s uqfL uD.d(
4' Yaf,dald¾fOk m%plaIHdó

hÿla;x .%ka: fldaáIq
mfrdmldr( mqKHdh
mdmdh mrmSvkï
Yaf,dalj, w¾:h ^.=rejrhdf.a m%fhdackh i|yd muKs'&
1' fudavhd ish ksjfia § ms§ug ,la fõ'

m%N+jrhd ish .fuys § ms§ug ,la fõ'
rc;=ud ish rfgys § ms§ug ,la fõ'
úoaj;d ish¨ ;ekays § ms§ug ,la fõ'
2' .=rejrhdf.ka tla fldgila bf.k.; hq;= h'

tla fldgila ish kqjKska wjfndaO lghq;= h'
tla fldgila tla j yeisfrk whf.ka bf.k .; hq;= h'
;j;a fldgila ld,hdf.a wjEfuka bf.k.; hq;= h'
3' ish¨ is;=ï me;=ï yd ld¾h W;aidyfhka u bgq fõ'

ksod.;a isxyhdf.a lgg isõmdfjda fkd mssúfi;a'
4' fldaá .Kkla jk .%ka:j, lshQ foa Yaf,dal Nd.hlska lshñ'

mfrdamldrh mska msKsi fõ' mrmSvkh mdmh msKsi fõ'
61
34' úrdu ,l=Kq
ksmqK;dj ( 4'0 Ys,amSh m%fhda. Ndú; lrñka ksjerÈ j f,aLk ld¾hfha fhfohs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 4'1 úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrñka ,shhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈ j kï lrhs'
 úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈ j fhdoñka f,aLkfha fhfohs'
 úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍfï jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 weuqKqfuys i|yka mßÈ flá br fhfok ;eka ksoiqka u.ska myokak'

 weuqKqfï i|yka mßÈ we, br fhfok ;eka ksoiqka u.ska myokak'
 weuqKqfï i|yka mßÈ fo;s; fhfok ;eka ksoiqka u.ska myokak'
 fï i|yd weuqKqu 1 fhdod .kak'
my; i|yka wNHdifhys YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'
wNHdih -
flá br" we, br" fo;s; ksjerÈ j fhdod my; i|yka jdlH kej; ,shkak'
1' mshd uj orejd /l n,d .kshs'

2' úÿy,am;s;=ñh úÿy,am;s;=ud W;aijhg meñfKhs'
3' f,aLlhd f,aÅldj fmd;la ,shhs'
4' mqiai ì|skjd ksIaM, fohla lsÍu'
5' Tjqka w;r uqo,a fn§ hd hq;af;a 5 3 wkqmd;h wkqj nj i,lkak'
6' úu,a oikdhl uy;d 1978 1984 olajd zm%.;sZ úoHd,fha fiajh lf<a h'
7' Ñ;% m%o¾Ykh fm' j' 8'00 m' j' 6'00 olajd meje;afõ'
7' fld<U uykqjr ud¾.h m%;sixialrKh flf¾'
 y÷kd .;a úrdu ,laIK kï lrhs'

 úrdu ,laIKj, iajNdjh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
 úrdu ,laIK ksjerÈ j f,aLkfha fhdohs'
 úrdu ,laIK fhÈh hq;= ;eka m%ldY lrhs'
weuqKqu 1
 isxy,fhys úrdu ,laIK ye¢kaùu i|yd my; i|yka ksoiqka mka;sfhys m%o¾Ykh
lrkak'
flá br -
 mo ixhqla; j Ndú; flfrk úg wfkHdakH iïnkaO;dj oelaùfï §
Wod (- iudc - foaYmd,k in|;d

mdi, - bf.kqï" b.ekaùï uOHia:dkhls'
62
 ld, mßÉfþo oelaùfï §
Wod (- nq' j' 2500 - 5000 olajd

l%s' j' 1948 - 1972 olajd
 hï fma<shl jpkhla ,sùug bv u| jQ l,ays tu jpkfha fldgila my< fma<sfha ,sùfï

§
Wod (- wjfndaOd;a-
-ul
úuis,s-
-u;a
we, br$
 úl,am ^fjk;a& jHjydr oelaùfï §
Wod (- mekaif,ka$mEfkka$meyeÈ,s j ,shkak'

.re iajdókajykai$uy;auhdfKks$uy;añhks
fo;s; (
 .Ks; m%ldYkhl wkqmd; oelaùfï §
Wod (- fuu fo`Mï f.ä m%udKh hy`Mjka fofokd w;r 4 ( 8 wkqmd;hg fnod olajkak'
63
35' mqia;ld,hg msh k.uq ^ksYAYío lshùu&
fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 2'3 ksYaYío j lshjd wjfndaO lr .;a lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 w¾:djfndaOfhka hq;= j fmd; m; lshjhs'

 lshjd wjfndaO lr .;a lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'
 lshùfuka ,;a oekqu wjiaf:daÑ; j Ndú; lrhs'
 ksy`v j lshùfï m%fhdack ms<sn| j YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak'

 tys § my; i|yka lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
 ld,h m%fhdackj;a f,i fhdod .ekSug lshùu bjy,a lr .; yels ùu'
 oekqu mq`M,a lr .ekSug yelshdj we;s lr .ekSu'
 f;dr;=re /ia lsÍfï yelshdj'
 úpdrd;aul Ñka;khg fhduq ùu wdÈ iqúfYaI yelshd we;s lr .; yels ùu'
 'mqia;ld,hg msh k.uq' mdvu ksy`v j lshjd .ekSug i,iajkak'
 wka;¾.; f;dr;=re /ia lr .ekSug fhduq lrkak'
 jeo.;a lreKq u;lfha ;nd .ekSug fyda igyka lr .ekSug fyda fhduq lrkak'
 mdvfuka yuq jk w¨;a jpk y÷kd .ekSug fhduq lrkak'
 tajdfha w¾:h meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 tu jpk fhdod jdlH ks¾udK lsÍug fhduq lrkak'
 fmd; m; lshjd woyia m< lrhs'

 lshùfuka .%yKh lr .;a f;dr;=re w.h lrhs'
 fmd; m; lshùfuka ,o oekqu wjiaf:daÑ; j Ndú; lrhs'
 ld,h m%fhdackj;a mßÈ fhdod .ekSu i|yd fmd; m; lshjhs'
64
36' f;dmams fjf<kaod ^fonia rpkh&
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 12'3 kdgH msgm;a rpkfha fhfohs'
ld,Éfþo ( 08 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:d iys; l;d jia;=jla f;dard .kshs'

 f;dard.;a l;d jia;=fõ kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:d fm< .iajhs'
 kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:djla i|yd fonia rpkd lrhs'
 fidau,;d iqnisxy uy;añhf.a "f;damams fjf<kaod" kdgHfha fldgila keröug

$ lshùug i,iajkak'
 fuu kdgHh i|yd fhdod f.k we;s l;dkaorh úia;r lrkak'
 l;dkaorhl isoaê lsysmhla mokï lr f.k kdgHh f.dv k.d we;s wdldrh
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 kdgH ks¾udKfha § m%Odk l;djg ydkshla fkdjk mßÈ ks¾udKd;aul j wx.
tl;= lr we;s wdldrh fmkajd fokak'
 ta i|yd kdgHfha fm< weiqre lr .kak'
 kdgHh i|yd NdIdj yeisr úh hq;= wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
 ;uka okakd l;djla $w;a±lSula f;dard f.k kdgHhla ks¾udKh lsÍug iqÿiq
isoaê y÷kd .ekSug fhduq lrkak'
 f;dard .;a isoaêhla mdol lr f.k kdfgHdaÑ; fonia ks¾udKhg fhduq lrkak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï
 f;dmams fjf<kaod ^kdgH fm< $ DVD & - fidau,;d iqnisxy
 kdgH i|yd WÑ; l;d jia;=jla y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'

 l;d jia;=j, kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:d w.h lrhs'
 WÑ; whqßka NdIdj Ndú; lrhs'
 f;dard .;a isoaêhla weiqfrka fonia ks¾udKh lrhs'
65
37' hy¿fjda ^B' ví' wÈldrï;=ud&
ksmqK;dj ( 10'0 idys;ahsl" od¾Yksl" úoHd;aul yd ;dlaIKsl f;dr;=re w;=<;a

ks¾udK mßYS,kfhka ,nd .;a oekqu úúO NdId ld¾hhka i|yd
fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 10'1 idys;ahsl" od¾Yksl f;dr;=re we;=<;a ,sms f,aLk weiqre lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 B'ví' wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| ,shjqKq ,sms f,aLk lshjhs'

 wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'
 wÈldrï;=udf.ka isÿ jQ fiajh w.h lrhs
 B' ví' wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| fm<fmdf;ys mdvu lshùug YsIHhka fhduq lrkak'
 B' ví' wÈldrï;=udf.a wúysxidjd§ ms<sfj; m%lg flfrk weuqKqu 1 yd 2ys
i|yka l;d YsIHhkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
 B' ví' wÈldrï;=udf.a wúysxidjd§ woyia ms<sn| j YsIHhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq
lrkak'
 wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| j fm<fmdf;a mdvfuka iy fuys § we;s fÊoj,ska biau;=
jk lreKq ms<sn| idlÉPd lrkak'
 YsIHhka lKavdhï y;rlg fnokak' my; i|yka l%shdldrlïj, ksr; lrjkak'
1 B' ví,sõ wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| j f;dr;=re tla/ia lrkak' t;=udf.a
wjOdkh fhduq jQ úIh lafIa;% y÷kajkak'
2 wÈldrï;=udf.ka wOHdmk lafIa;%hg isÿ jQ fiajh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
3 wÈldrï;=udf.a wdo¾Yu;a ls%hd ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrkak'
4 mßirfõÈhl= f,i wÈldrï;=ud bÈßm;a l< woyia f.dkq lr olajkak'
 YsIH bÈßm;a lsÍïj,g wjia:dj ,nd fokak' wjYH m%;sfmdaIK ,nd fokak'
 wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| f;dr;=re bosrsm;a lrhs'

 wÈldrï;=udf.a od¾Yksl woyia y`ÿkd f.k úia;r lrhs'
 wÈldrï;=udf.ka isÿ jQ fiajh w.h lrhs'
 wÈldrï;=ud ms<snò jeäÿr f;dr;=re tla /ia lrhs'
weuqKqu 1
Èkla WoEikska .ukla hdu i|yd ;u fudag¾ r:hg ke.=Kq B' ví' wÈldrï;=ud ÿgqfõ mdr
yryd .uka lrk l+ô ?kls' tu l+ô ?k u. yer hdug wka Èidjla fkdù h' l+ô ?k u;ska ;u
fudag¾ r:h meo jqjfyd;a l+ôkag isÿ úh yels wk¾:h i,ld ;u fudag¾ r:h .rdcfha kj;d
nifhka ;u .uk hdu i|yd msg;a úh'
66
weuqKqu 2
tla Èkla nKavdrfj, Whfka .ila hg nxl=jla u;=fhys jdä ù fndfyda fõ,djla n,d
isáfhñ' bÈßfhys jQ msÜgksfha tyd fuyd mshdUñka lsß,a,shla ;u lEor megjdg lEu lejqjd
h' w,i f,i fyñka weúÈñka ;Kfld< lld isá fokla tys úh' ta l=re,a,ka o yrl=ka o
msÜgksfha ;K fld< o Whk wjg ;sfnk .ia o wE; fmfkk l÷ iy m;ka o ud o tl u
iajNdj O¾ufha tlsfklg fjka l< fkdyels wjhj nj fudfyd;lg fmkS .sfha h jpkfhka
m%ldY l< fkdyels m%S;shla yd lk.dgqjla o tlg fj,S ud is; je<| .;af;a h'
^wdpd¾h wÈldrïf.a u;l igyka - chka; úfÊúl%u" 2004" weia f.dvf.a&
67
38' fmd,a ,o ieá ^m%nkaO rpkh&
ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 12'2 ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaOlrKfha fhfohs'
ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs'
bf.kqï m, (
 w;aoelSï weiqfrka m%nkaOhl iels,a,la f.dv k.hs'

 WÑ; pß; f;dard .ekSfï yelshdj m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
 m%nkaOlrKfha § NdIdj ks¾udKd;aul j Ndú; lrhs'
 m%nkaO ks¾udKh lrhs'
 fm<fmdf;a i|yka zfmd,a ,o ieáZ mdvu lshùug YsIHhkag wjia:dj ,nd

fokak'
 my; i|yka m%Yak k.ñka tu m%nkaOfha ks¾udKd;aul f,i ni yiqrejd we;s
wdldrh YsIhhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak'
1' udkd kï mqreIhdf.a iqúfYaI ,laIK fudkjd o@

2' kshx iufha iajrEmh m%ldY lr we;af;a flfia o@
3' Tjqka ÿgq .fiys ,laIK fudkjd o@
 weuqKu 1ys i|yka j we;s l;d iels,a, iqÿiq l%ufõohlska YsIHhskag bÈßm;a
lrkak' iels,af,a tlsfkl wxl m%nkaOfha § f.dvke.S we;s whqre .fõIKhg
wjia:dj ,nd fokak' m%nkaOhl isoaê iúia;rd;aul j yd ks¾udKd;aul j
f.dvk.k wdldrh fï weiqßka fmkajd fokak'
 mka;sh l=vd lKavdhïj,g fnokak'
 weuqKqu 2ys i|yka l;d jia;= lsysmhl iels,s lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
 ;u lKavdhug ,efnk iels,a, weiqfrka m%nkaOhla ks¾udKh lsÍug YsIHhkag
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
 lKavdhïj, id¾:l m%nkaO ì;a;s mqj;am;g fhduq lrkak'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
 m%nkafOdamfoaYh - l=udr;=x. uqksodi

 m%nkaO ix.%yh - l=udr;=x. uqksodi
 m%nkaO rpkd lshjhs'

 iels,a,la weiqßka m%nkaOla rpkd lrk wdldrh idlÉPd lrhs'
 m%nkaOlrKfha Ys,amSh m%fhda. y÷kd f.k Ndú; lrhs'
 iels,a,la weiqßka m%nkaO rpkd lrhs'
68
weuqKqu 1
fmd,a ,o ieá - l;d iels,a,
1' udkd kï ov kdhlhd - Tyqf.a msßi - fo ;sia fokd - Èk m;d ovhï'
2' kshx iufha Èfkle uy jkfha ovhu - uy odj,a msmdidj - Èh fiú,a,'
3' jk ueoe .i - isyska È. l| - mshd m;a jeks fld< - uy;a ie<s jeks f.ä'
4' .ig we§u - f.äfhle kgqj uy;a W;aidyfhka lemSu - f.äh uy y`äka ìu ySu'
5' tll= f.äfha uqyqK fmdfrdfjlska fndfyda fõ,d lmd isÿre lsÍu - W,am;
6' ;=ka ;sia fokdg ue meka - b;sß mekska tll= kdjd msßiqÿ lsÍu'
7' jEhla § Tyq f.äh ;=<g heùu - Tyq u| ieie msgm;g §u - ish,a,kaf.a nv .sks ksùu'
8' ta msßi miq ld,fhle § ta .iska f.ähla f.ke f.dia .fï jeùu - le,Efõ § t ;rï
f,dl= f.ä .fï § l=vd ùu'
^m%nkafOdamfoaYh" l=udr;=x. uqksodi&
weuqKqu 2
l;d iels,s
1' j,ia fldf<dx onrh
1' j,fila ksodf.k isáhs' fldf<dx .ilska Èrd.sh w;a;la leã j,id u; jefÜ' fldf<dx
.i ;udg myr ÿkakehs lsmqKq j,id .ig ffjr n¢hs'
2' lr;a;hlg frdaohla fidhk lr;a;lrefjl= iqÿiq .ila fidhd weúÈhs' frdaoj,g iqÿiq
.ila f,i fldf<dx .i fmkajhs'
3' lr;a;lre .i lmkakg ierfihs' .fiys isá rela foúfhla fldf<dx ,Sh iú jkakg
kï j,iaiula nekao hq;= nj lshhs'
4' lr;a;lre ksYaYío j u .i lmhs' fldf<dx .iska m<s.;af;a hehs i;=gq jQ j,id <`.g
ù n,d isá' lr;alre j,idg o fmdfrda myrla fohs'
5' lr;a;lre .i lmd j,ia iu lf|a n¢hs' t;eka mgka j,iaiq fldf<dx .ig ffjr
nekaod¨'
69
2' mqreÿ yKñáh
1' msg m<d;lg f.dia tk hy`Mfjda fofofkls' Tjqyq yK ñá folla lr.y f.k t;s'
2' w;r u. yK kQ,a fkdñ,fha fok ;ekls' fofokdf.ka tl wfhla yK ñáh w;yer
yK kQ,a .kshs' wfkld ud fuf;la f.kd yK ñáh flfia w;yßïoehs lshd fkdf.k
isáhs'
3' fkdñ,fha yK frÈ fok ;ekla yuqfõ' yK kQ,a f.k wd hy`Mjd kQ,a w;yer frÈ
.kshs' fojekakd yK ñáhu /f.k hhs'
4' mgms<s fok ;ekla yuqfõ' fofokd u fmr fia u l<y' rka ß§ uq;= ueKsla u. §
yuqfõ' fofokd u fmr fia u lr;s'
5' m<uqjekakd wjidkfha i;=gqg m;a fõ ' fojekakd iqiqï fy<hs' iuyre ;u u;fhys
u t,a,S isá;s' kqjKe;af;da jvd jákd foh ÿgq úg .ks;s'
^m%nkafOdamfoaYh" msgj
q " l=udr;=x. uqkos di&
70

Sinhala Teachers Guide Grade 7 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Sinhala Teachers Guide Grade 7 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sinhala Teachers Guide Grade 7 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh

isxy, NdId fomd¾;fïka;=j

m%:u uqøKh ( 2016

© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

isxy, NdId fomd¾;fïka;=j

fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

kj úIhud,d pl%fha fojk wÈhr 2016 j¾Ifha § y;a jk iy tfldf<dia jk fYa%Ks

fuu ;d¾lSlrK ls%hdj,sfha § ish¨ u úIhhkaf.a ksmqK;d uÜgï" mokï uÜgfï

;d¾lSlrKh lrk ,o úIh ks¾foaY" kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd w¨;ska ixj¾Okh lr

fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY iïmdokh lsÍfï § cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha Ydia;S%h

mSGdêm;s" ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a"

WmfoaYl;ajh yd wkque;sh ( Ydia;%Sh lghq;= uKav,h"

iïnkaëlrKh ( mS' ta' ã' rejks isiscd"

NdId ixialrKh ;siai chj¾Ok"

wNHka;r f,aLl uKav,h ( ã'ví' Èidkdhl"

B' wd¾' ksu,a fm%aul=udr"

tï' Ô' uqKisxy"

mS' ta' ã' rejks isiscd"

tÉ' mS' iqis,a isßfiak"

tia' ,,s;d moañKS"

ví' tï' ksYaYxl nKavdr"

tï' ta' iqnisxy"

úIh ks¾foaY iïmdokh( uydpd¾h r;akisß wrx.,"

uydpd¾h chka; wurisxy"

mQcH l=l=rïfmd< [dKúu, ysñ" lÓldpd¾h"

;s,sks r;akdhl" l:sldpd¾h"

ví,sõ' mS' ux., .=Kr;ak" iyldr l:sldpd¾h"

mS' ta' ã' rejks isiscd" iyldr l:sldpd¾h"

tia' ´' m%kdkaÿ" úY%dñl wOHlaI"

tÉ' t,a' Ys%hdks wfíúl%u"

tÉ' mS' iqis,a isßfiak" lÓldpd¾h"

.hd jehsfyak" .=re WmfoaYl"

iqks,a ìhkaú," .=refiajh"

ud¾f.damfoaYfhys Wmfoia wkqj tÈfkod b.ekaùï ld¾hh i|yd WÑ; mdvï

Tn y÷kd.;a YsIHhkaf.a ks¾udKYS,S l=i,;d j¾Okh i|yd lghq;= lsÍfï § fuys

fuu ud¾f.damfoaYfhys wka;¾.; Wmfoia l%shd;aul lsÍfï § YsIHhkag WÑ; mßÈ

9 16 2'2 ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lh 5

10 17 10'2 wfma f,day ;dlaIKfha hg.shdj 4

18 30 9'3 ud ÿgq uq,a ysre fmkajQ ,xld 5

22 36 12'3 f;dmams fjf<kaod ^fonia rpkh& 8

23 37 10'1 hy¿fjda ^B' ví' wÈldrï;=ud& 5

24 38 12'2 fmd,a ,o ieá ^m%nkaO rpkh& 5

wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh iii

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a ysñf.a mKsúvh iv

úIhud,d lñgqj v - vii

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia viii - ix

úIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;h xi - xxviii

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia

f.dú ìßhf.a kqjK 2-3

isxy, NdId fomd¾;fïka;=j

(I) ikaksfõok ksmqK;d

(II) fm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;d

(III) mßirhg wod< ksmqK;d

(IV) jev f,dalhg iqodkï ùfï ksmqK;d

wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg odhl ùu'

(V) wd.u iy wdpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;d

(VI) l%Svdj iy úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;d

(VII) "bf.kSug bf.kqu" ms<sn`o ksmqK;d