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Electrical Power System-II (2160908)
PREPARED BY:
EEDEPARTMENT- 2016-2017
VADODARA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING, KOTAMBI-391510
Electrical Power System-II (2160908)
2 An overhead 3 phase transmission line delivers 5000 kW at 22 kVat 0.8 p.f. lagging.
The resistance and reactance of each conductor is 4 ohms and 6 ohms respectively.
Determine: i) Sending end voltage ii) percentage regulation iii) transmission efficiency.
(Vs = 13820.8, Regulation = 8.825 % , Efficiency = 93.94%)
3 A three phase line delivers 3600Kw at 0.8 lagging to a load. If the sending end voltage
is 33 kv , determine i) the receiving end voltage ii) line current iii) transmission
efficiency. The resistance and reactance of each conductor are 5.31 ohm and 5.54 ohm
respectively.
(VR= 31.93 kv, IR = 81.36 A, Efficiency = 97.15%)
4 A short three phase transmission line with an impedance of (6+j8) ohm/phase has
sending and receiving end voltages of 120 kv and 110 kv respectively for some
receiving end load at a p.f of 0.9 lagging. Determine i) power output and ii) sending end
power factor.
(P= 1,11,490 kw,p.f = 0.88 lag)
7 A medium length single phase transmission line 100 km long has following constants:
Resistance/km/phase =0.185ohm
Capacitive reactance/km/phase =0.377ohm
Receiving end line voltage =132kV
Electrical Power System-II (2160908)
Assuming that the total capacitance of the line is localized at the receiving end alone,
determine:
i) Sending end current
ii) Line value of sending end voltage
iii) Regulation
iv) Sending end power factor
(i. 377.3 A, ii.155.7kV, iii.17.9%, iv.0.774 lag)
9
10 i) For the above example calculate Percentage regulation
ii) Transmission efficiency
11 A 3 phase overhead transmission line has a total series impedance per phase of 200 80°
ohms and a total shunt admittance of 0.0013 90°siemen per phase. The line delivers a
load of 80 MW at 0.8 p.f. lagging and 220 kV between the lines. Determine the sending
end line voltage and current by rigorous method.
(263.574 kV, 187.5 A)
12 A 3 phase transmission line , 160 km long has the following constants:
Resistance/km/phase =0.2ohm
Reactance/km/phase =0.3127ohm
Shunt admittance / phase /km = 1.875 × 10-6 S.
Determine the sending end voltage and current by rigorous method when the line is
delivering a load of 25 MVA at 0.8 .f. lagging. The receiving end voltage is kept
constant at 110 KV.
(116.67kV, 131.1 A)
13 A 3 phase, 50 Hz overhead transmission line 100 km long has the following constants:
Resistance/km/phase = 0.1 ohm
Inductive reactance/km/phase =0.2 ohm
Capacitive susceptance/km/phase = 0.04 × 10-4siemen
Determine i) the sending end current ii) sending end voltage iii) sending end power
factor and iv). Use nominal T method. ( i) 100 A ii) 69.533 Kv iii) 0.853 lag)
Electrical Power System-II (2160908)
14 For the above example find transmission efficiency when supplying a balanced load of
10,000 Kw at 66 kv, 0.8 lagging.
97.34%
c. Φ = θ d. Φ + θ = π/2
21 In the above question which of the following gives zero regulation?
a. Φ – θ = π/2 b. Φ = θ
c. Φ + θ = π/2 d. Φ = θ/2
22 A single phase transmission line of impedance j0.8Ω supplies a resistive load of 500A
at 300V. The sending end power factor is _________
23 When bundle conductors are used in place of single conductors, the effective inductance
and capacitance will respectively
a. Increase and decrease b. Decrease and remain unaffected
c. Decrease and increase d. Remain unaffected and increase
24 The inductance of a three phase transmission line is 1.2mH/phase/km. If the spacing of
Electrical Power System-II (2160908)
conductors and the radius of the conductor are doubled, then the inductance of the line
will be __________
25 The self inductance of a long cylindrical conductor due to its internal flux linkages is k
H/m. If the diameter of the conductor is doubled, then the self inductance of the
conductor due to its internal flux linkages would be
a. 0.5k H/m b. 1K H/m
26 Compare ABCD Parameters for short, medium and long transmission line.
27 Compare Voltage regulation for short, medium and long transmission line.(Write
detailed equations).
28 Derive power transfer equation for short transmission line.
29 Draw and explain vector diagram for short transmission line.
28 Draw and explain vector diagrams for amedium transmission line.
29 Draw and explain vector diagrams for long transmission line.
30 Derive ABCD parameters for long transmission line using rigorous solution method.
31 Derive equivalent circuit of long transmission line for PI model.
32 Derive equivalent circuit of long transmission line for T model.
33 List necessary assumptions to be made while finding voltage regulation and efficiency
of short transmission line.
34 Derive equation of voltage regulation and efficiency for short transmission line.
35 Derive equation of voltage regulation and efficiency for medium transmission line.
36 Derive equation of voltage regulation and efficiency for long transmission line.
37 Explain different methods of evaluation of A, B, C, D constant for long transmission
line.
38 Derive equation of sending end power and receiving end power through a transmission
line.
39 Derive equation of maximum receiving end active power and reactive power through a
transmission line.
40 List the important conclusion that can be derived from equations of power transfer
through a transmission line.
41 Draw and explain receiving end power circle diagram.
42 Explain the relationship between voltage and reactive power with use of necessary
equations.
43 What is reactive power compensation? Explain in brief.
44 What is the need of voltage control in power system? Explain in brief.
45 List different methods of voltage control.
46 Explain reactive power injection method in detail.
47 Write brief explanation about static VAR generator and its application as voltage
controller.
Electrical Power System-II (2160908)
52 For the system in fig. the ratings of the various components are:
Generator: 25 MVA, 12.4 kV, 10% subtransient reactance
Motor: 20 MVA, 3.8 kV, 15% subtransient reactance
Transformer T1: 25 MVA, 11/33 kV, 8% reactance
Transformer T2: 20 MVA, 33/3.3 kV, 10% reactance
Line: 20 ohms reactance
Gen T1 T2 Motor
kV when a symmetrical three phase fault occurs at the motor terminals. Find the
subtransient current in the generator, motor and fault. (i) 9816.4 - j2197.4 A ii) (-816.2
– j9041.8) A iii) (-j11239) A)
Line
Gen motor
56 Two synchronous generators are connected in parallel at the low voltage side of a three-
phase -Y transformer as shown in Fig. 3.2. Machine 1 is rated 50 MVA, 13.8 kV.
Machine 2 is rated 25 MVA, 13.8 kV. Each generator has subtransient reactance,
transient reactance and direct axis synchronous reactance of 25%, 40% and 100%
respectively. The transformer is rated 75 MVA, 13.8 /69Y with a reactance of 10%.
Before the fault occurs, the voltage on high voltage side of the transformer is 66 kV.
The transformer is unloaded and there is no circulating current between the generators.
Find the current supplied by the generators.
Select a base of 75 MVA and 69 kV in the high tension circuit.
57 For the above network a three-phase short circuit occurs at P. Determine the
subtransient, transient and steady state short circuit current in each generator.
58 For the above network a three-phase short circuit occurs at Q. Determine the
subtransient, transient and steady state short circuit current in each generator
59
Electrical Power System-II (2160908)
102 The currents in three phase unbalanced system are Ia= (12 + j6), Ib = (12 – j12),
Ic=(-15 + j10) A. The phase sequence is abc. Calculate negative sequence components
of current.
103 The currents in three phase unbalanced system are Ia= (12 + j6), Ib = (12 – j12),
Ic=(-15 + j10) A. The phase sequence is abc. Calculate zero sequence components of
current.
104 The currents in three phase unbalanced system are Ia= (12 + j6), Ib = (12 – j12),
Ic=(-15 + j10) A. The phase sequence is abc. Calculate positive sequence components
of current.
105 The currents in three phase unbalanced system are Ia= (10 + j5), Ib = (6 – j6),
Ic=(-15 + j10) A. The phase sequence is abc. Calculate positive sequence components
of current.
106 The currents in three phase unbalanced system are Ia=10 + j5), Ib = (6 – j6),),
Ic=(-15 + j10) A. The phase sequence is abc. Calculate negative sequence components
of current.
107 The currents in three phase unbalanced system are Ia= (10 + j5), Ib = (6 – j6),
Ic=(-15 + j10) A. The phase sequence is abc. Calculate zero sequence components of
Electrical Power System-II (2160908)
current.
108 The voltage in three phase unbalanced system are Ia= (12 + j6), Ib = (12 – j12),
Ic=(-15 + j10) A. The phase sequence is abc. Calculate positive sequence components
of current.
109 The voltage in three phase unbalanced system are Ia= (12 + j6), Ib = (12 – j12),
Ic=(-15 + j10) A. The phase sequence is abc. Calculate negative sequence components
of current.
110 The voltage in three phase unbalanced system are Ia= (12 + j6), Ib = (12 – j12),
Ic=(-15 + j10) A. The phase sequence is abc. Calculate zero sequence components of
current.
111 Derive expression of power in terms of symmetrical components.
112 Draw positive network for synchronous machine. Mention necessary equations.
113 Derive expression for positive, negative and zero sequence voltage components in
terms of given set of unbalance voltage phasorsVa, Vb, Vc..
114 Draw negative network for synchronous machine. Mention necessary equations.
115 Draw zero network for synchronous machine. Mention necessary equations.
116 Draw sequence network for transmission line.
117 Draw sequence network for star delta transformer with neutral grounded.
118 Draw sequence network for star delta transformer with neutral ungrounded.
119 Draw sequence network for delta star transformer with neutral grounded.
120 Draw sequence network for delta star transformer with neutral ungrounded.
121 Draw sequence network for star star transformer with neutral grounded.
122 Draw sequence network for delta delta transformer .
123 Write a note on phase shift in star-delta transformers
5 Transients in power system
201
Find the voltage, Vc(t), over the capacitor for all time t>0 (3e^(-t/3ms))
202 A 12-V power supply is connected to a 1K ohm resistor and a 3mF capacitor which are
in series. The power supply has an internal source resistance of approximately 50 ohms.
(b) How long will it take the circuit to reach steady-state from the time the power supply
is switched on?
(c) Sketch the current through the 1K ohm resistor as a function of time.
203 Given a course voltage of 10V, a source resistance of 10 ohms, a 10mH inductor, and a
5nF capacitor, choose a load resistance and draw a circuit that will have an
underdamped (decaying sine wave) second order transient response.
Electrical Power System-II (2160908)
204
The voltage source Vs in the circuit shown below is nominally 5V. A power surge
at time t=0 causes it to instantaneously jump to 10V, and then at time t=5ms, it
instantaneously drops back to 5V. Express the current flowing down through the 30
ohm resistor (as a function of time).
a) What is the 30 ohm resistor current at t=0+?
b) What would the final 30 ohm resistor current be if Vs stayed at 10V?
c) What is the 30 ohm resistor current at t=5ms+?
d) What is the final 30 ohm resistor current?
e ) Write the full expression(s) for the 30 ohm resistor current as a function of time.
205
In the circuit shown above, the switch is controlled by the voltage Vx:
A sketch of the voltage Vx over time is shown below (the scale of each axis is not
shown). Give a mathematical expression to describe Vx during the first period. You will
need to describe it in two different portions of time: as Vx rises and as Vx falls, so be
sure to note the time range during which your formula is valid.
Electrical Power System-II (2160908)
206 In lab you try to charge up a large capacitor (50 mF) using the circuit shown below.
However, when you turn on the supply, the 10 ohm resistor makes a loud pop, turns
black, and smoke rises! The other students in the lab give you a dirty look as a bad
smell permeates the room.
207 You and your lab partner wire the circuit shown below on a protoboard. However, the
voltage source is poorly connected to the board and when your partner jiggles the cable,
it becomes disconnected momentarily from the circuit at time 0 and then reconnected
after 100ms.
a) Use transient analysis to describe the current i(t) flowing right through the 8 Kohm
resistor by providing the mathematical formula(s) for t>0 (split into multiple intervals if
needed, but clearly label the time range of each interval).
208 In the circuit below, resistor R3 is suddenly removed, leaving a gap (an open circuit).
Sketch the current through R2 from this moment on.
Label the graph scales to show the quantified maximum and quantified
minimum current that flows.
At what time is the current in R2 slightly more than half way between the
maximum and minimum?
At what time is the current in R2 at exactly 20.0 mA?
209 The circuit shown below starts out without the 4 Kohm resistor connected. At time t=0,
the 4 Kohm resistor is connected in parallel to the 1 nF capacitor. After 10us, the 4
Kohm resistor is removed. Compute the voltage across the capacitor for all time. Give
your answer as one or more formulas (clearly indicating the time range for each
formula) and a sketch of VC versus time.
210 The voltage supply in the circuit shown below is switched on at time 0. Compute the
voltage over the 3K ohm resistor for all time.
Electrical Power System-II (2160908)
267 What is a difference between the corona effect and the capacitance effect in a transmission line?
a. Decreases, reduces.
b. Increases, increases.
c. Increases, reduces.
d. Decreases, increases.
272 Find the spacing between the conductors a 265 kV 3 phase line with 200 cm diameter
conductors is built so that corona takes place, if the line voltage exceeds 210 kV (rms). With
go = 30 kV/cm
273 Find the maximum distriptive voltage a 265 kV 3 phase line with 200 cm diameter conductors
is built so that corona takes place, if the line voltage exceeds 210 kV (rms) and spacing is 3.45
between the conductors. Take air density 0.8 With go = 30 kV/cm
274 Find the spacing between the conductors a 33 kV 3 phase line with 200 cm diameter conductors
is built so that corona takes place, if the line voltage exceeds 135 kV (rms). With go = 30
kV/cm
275 Find the maximum distriptive voltage a 135 kV 3 phase line with 200 cm diameter conductors
is built so that corona takes place, if the line voltage exceeds 210 kV (rms) and spacing is 2.45
between the conductors. Take air density 0.8 With go = 30 kV/cm
276 Ozone effect can be detected by
277 Corona loss can be reduced by the use of hollow conductor because
279 A 3 phase 220 KV, 50 Hz, with conductor radis of 1.5 cm and spacing 200cm ,the
temperature is 40c and atmospheric pressure is 76cm .calculate corona power loss per
km
280 A 3 phase 220 KV, 50 Hz, with conductor radis of 1.5 cm and spacing 200cm ,the
temperature is 50c and atmospheric pressure is 76cm .calculate corona power loss per
km
281 A 3 phase 220 KV, 50 Hz, with conductor radis of 1.5 cm and spacing 200cm ,the
temperature is 50c and atmospheric pressure is 76cm .calculate critical distriputive
voltage if power loss is 800W
282 A 3 phase 165KV, 50 Hz, with conductor radis of 1.5 cm and spacing 200cm ,the
temperature is 50c and atmospheric pressure is 76cm .calculate critical distriputive
voltage if power loss is 800W
Electrical Power System-II (2160908)
283 Find the spacing between the conductors a 165 kV 3 phase line with 200 cm diameter
conductors is built so that corona takes place, if the line voltage exceeds 310 kV (rms). With
go = 30 kV/cm.
284 Explain the difference between corona effect and skin effect.
285 Explain the difference between corona effect and Ferranti effect
286 Why is corona effect more common in higher voltage range?
287 What role does air as dielectric play in formation of corona?
288 How effect will corona have if voltage is increase?
289 How can corona be indentified?
290 Corona occurs between two transmission conductors when they
291 Will corona effect take place in DC transmission line? Justify your answer
292 What role does conductor spacing play in corona mitigation?
293 What role does distance between conductor play in corona mitigation?
294 Which transmission line has more corona effect? AC or DC justify your answer.
295 The good effect of corona on overhead lines is to
A. Increase the lie carrying capacity due to conducting ionized air envelope around conductor
B. Increase the power factor due to corona loss
C. Reduce the radio interference from the conductor
D. Reduce the steepness of surge fronts
296 Which is more adverse corona effect or switching capacitance of transmission line?
297 Which is more adverse corona effect or skin effect?
298 Which is more adverse corona of Ferranti effect?
299 Which harmonics are generated during the corona, which leads to the increase in corona losses?
a. Third harmonics.
b. Fifth harmonics.
c. Seventh harmonics.
d. None of these.
300 Explain the role of hollow conductors in reducing corona effect.