A Detailed Lesson Plan in Grade 8 Mathematics

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to;
1.define and illustrate distinguishable permutation
2.find the number of distinguishable permutation of n objects, and;
3.participate actively during class discussion

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Permutation
a. Sub-topic: Distinguishable Permutation
B. References
a. Aguinaldo,C.M.,et al..Contemporary Mathematics (pp.205-206).
b. Statistics and Probability.Diwa Senior High Series (pp.11-12)
c. Zara, Evelyn(2013)Practical Mathematics for Grade 8.(pp.85-87)
d. http:www.khanacademy.org/math/precalculus/prob_comb.(accessed on
01/07/19)

C. Materials
a. Powerpoint presentation, laptop
b. Scoreboard, colored blocks, printed materials, chalk

D. Values Integration
Accuracy, Critical thinking, uniqueness and accepting individual differences

III. Strategies
Deductive Method, Discussion, Collaboration, Boardwork, Activity based

IV. Development of the Lesson

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

A. Routinary Activities

Good afternoon class! Good afternoon ma’am!

Let us pray first. Peter, will you lead the Peter will lead the prayer.
prayer.

Who is absent today? None ma’am

Very good!

B. Review
Last time, we have learned to find number ( Students will listen attentively)
of permutation of n objects such as book
on a shelf, positions of family in a
photograph, winners’ position on a race,
word formation by changing the position
of the letters and others.
What formula are we going to apply when
we want to determine the possible
arrangement of n objects in a row or in a
linear position taken r at a time?

Yes Mark? 𝑛!
P= (𝑛−𝑟)!

That’s right. The formula for the

permutation of n objects taken r at a time
is

𝑛!
P= (𝑛−𝑟)!

Say for example,

If there are 6 participants in a marathon,

in how many ways can the first three
finishers come in?

Solution:
P(6,3)

𝑛!
P= (𝑛−𝑟)!

6!
P= (6−3)!

P= 120 ways

Therefore, there are 120 ways the six

participants can come in first three
positions or permutation of 6 taken 3 at a
time is denoted by 6𝑃3 = 120
How about if we want to know the
number of possible arrangement of n
objects or elements in a circular pattern,
what formula are we going to apply?

Yes Allan? P= (n-1)!

Correct. Circular permutation denotes

that if n objects are arranged in circle,
then there are total of (n-1)!
Permutations.

Why is it the 1 is constantly subtracted

from the number of elements to
determine the total number of circular
permutation?

Hazel
 Because the first element is assigned
on a fixed position of the circle and
only the remaining elements are then
arranged
Excellent. In circular permutation, one
element must be assigned on a fixed
position and the remaining of the
elements are arranged relative to it.

Thus, in how many ways can 5 people be

seated in a round table for dinner
meeting?

Axell
P=(n-1)!
P=(5-1)!
P=4!
P=24 ways
Correct. There are 24 ways of permutation
for five people to be seated in a round
table.

C. Motivation

This time, may I ask one of you to arrange

the books in a shelf. We have here 3
Mathematics books and one Science
book.

Will you do it in front Angelo.

(Student will do so.)

3 Mathematics books (M)

1 Science book (S)

1st arrangement: MMMS

2ND arrangement: MMSM
3RD arrangement: MSMM
4TH arrangement: SMMM

There are 4 ways to arrange the

books.
Correct. 3 Mathematics books and 1
Science book can be arranged in four
ways.
What if we are going to arrange the letters
of the word BOSS? How many different
permutation of the letters are there?

Yes Karen BOSS. By listing method we have

BOSS, BSOS, BSSO

OBSS, OSSB, OSBS
SBOS, SBSO, SOBS, SOSB, SSBO, SSOB

12 ways

Very good.
Therefore, there are 12 ways of
permutation of the letters of the word
BOSS.

D. Presentation of the lesson

You might notice that in the previous
activity we tried to arrange identical
objects.

In some instances, you may encounter

permutation problems involving repeated
elements or identical elements and of
course the first two types of permutation
is not applicable in this case.

And this is actually our lesson for today,

permutation for repeated elements or
Distinguishable Permutation.

Today, we will learn to find the numbers

of permutation of n objects that are not
distinguishable. We will solve different
problems that involves repeated elements
or identical objects.

E. Lesson Proper
To begin with, let us define distinguishable
permutation.

What is distinguishable permutation?

Roderick
Distinguishable Permutation
A permutation of elements where
some are identical or alike is called a
distinguishable permutation.

That’s right.
Consider that we have two green and two
yellow blocks here

By listing method, if we’re going to

arranged these objects with two identical
colors, we have

GGYY, GYGY, GYYG, YGGY, YGYG, YYGG

There are 6 possible ways of permutation

for four objects that has two identical
colors.

If we were not worried about repetition,

we would say that there are 4! Ways of
arranging the objects. However, there is a
problem since we cannot identify the
object (let say the green block from other
green block) in the arrangement. The
same with the yellow.
We have learned that repetition can be
removed by dividing to eliminate
duplication. Now, let us remove the
possibilities of repetition. We can arrange
green cubes in 2! Ways and yellow cubes
in 2! Ways

So we have,

4!
=6
2! 2!

Thus, to find the number of permutation

of n identical elements or n
distinguishable objects we’ll be applying
the formula

𝑛!
P= 𝑛
1 !𝑛2 !𝑛3 !…𝑛𝑘 !

Where
n=is the total number of elements
𝑛1 ! 𝑛2 ! 𝑛3 ! … 𝑛𝑘 !=is the number of each
element that are alike

Where 𝑛1 ! + 𝑛2 ! + 𝑛3 ! + ⋯ 𝑛𝑘 !=n

So say for example

 Example 1.
Consider the word CALCULUS. How many
distinguishable permutations can be
made from the letters in CALCULUS?

What are the elements or letters repeated

from the word CALCULUS?

Juan Letter C, L, and U Ma’am

That’s right we can arrange C’s in 2!ways,

the L’s in 2!ways and U’s in 2!ways. There
are total of 8 elements from the word
CALCULUS.

Applying the formula

𝑛!
P= 𝑛
1 !𝑛2 !𝑛3 !…𝑛𝑘 !

8!
P= 2!2!2!

40,320
P= 8

P= 5,040 ways

Therefore there are 5,040 ways of

permutation from the letters of the word
CALCULUS.

Did you get it class? Yes ma’am!

Very good

Now let us try to solve another example.

Example 2.
How many distinguishable
permutations can be made from
the word LOLLIPOP?
(Students will raised hands)
Yes Clarissa?

(Student will solve on the board)

LOLLIPOP
L=3 ; O=2 ; P=2
Class, while Clarissa is solving on the
𝑛!
board, you can answer the problem in P=
𝑛1 !𝑛2 !𝑛3 !…𝑛𝑘 !
your notebook and compare your answer.
8!
P= 3!2!2!
 40,320
P=
24

P=1680 ways
Now, Clarissa explain how did you arrived
on that answer.
There are 8 elements from the word
LOLLIPOP. The letters L can be
arranged in 3!ways, O’s in 2!ways and
P’s in 2!ways. By dividing the total
number of elements to the number of
repeated elements, then there are
total of 1,680 distinguishable
permutations from the letter of the
word LOLLIPOP.
Very well said Clarissa.

Example 3
How many distinguishable five digit
numbers can be formed from the digits
11000?
Solution:

𝑛!
P= 𝑛
1 !𝑛2 !𝑛3 !…𝑛𝑘 !

5!
P=
3!2!

120
P= 12

P=10 ways
F. Application
Earlier I asked one from you to distribute
your nametags. The colors of your
nametag will decide the group you are
going to work with as you go on your
activity today. So please find now your
group mates now and

Red will stay in this side;

Blue will occupy that side; And yellow in
that side.

So listen now to your task as a group. Your

activity is still related to distinguishable
permutation of objects or elements. You (Students will listen attentively)
will be provided with an illustration board
and chalk wherein you can write your
answers.
There are five questions you need to
answer. Each item is equivalent to 5 points
for every correct answer. You will be given
one minute to answer for every item. The
group that will get the correct answer will
receive a card that has particular picture.
At the end of the activity, the winning
group or the group with the highest points
would be given the chance to identify and
interpret the meaning of the picture. The
winner in this activity will receive a
reward.

Is that clear class? Yes Ma’am!

Did you understand the mechanics class? Yes Ma’am!
Do you have any question regarding your
activity today? None Ma’am!

Very good.
Let’s begin.

Answer Key:
1. How many distinct
permutations are there for the 1. 2,520 ways
word KATAKATAKA?
2. Find the number of distinct
permutation of the word 2. 34,650 ways
MISSISSIPPI?
3. How many distinguishable
permutations exist for the 3. 90 ways
letters in the word ILOILO?
4. How many distinguishable six
digit numbers can be formed 4. 90 ways
from the digits 252005?
5. How many distinguishable
permutations of the letters are 5. 50,400 ways
possible in the word
STATISTICS?

The winner is group number___!

Congratulations!
This is your reward.

Since your group is the winner, will you

please assign somebody to interpret or
say something about the picture.

Melanie
Ma’am, in the picture there are eggs
that are the same except for one. The
gold egg is different from other eggs. It
is unique.

That’s right. Many times it is

uncomfortable to feel different. When in
reality we are all unique. Everyone is
unique and beautiful in every different
ways. That’s the magic of life. You should
embrace your differences because there is
something that you and only you can do. I
want to leave this quote to you my dear
students, “they laugh at me because I’m
different, I laugh at them because they are
all the same’’.-Jonathan Davis

G. Generalization
To summarize our lesson, if there are
elements or objects that are alike or
identical, what formula are we going to
apply to determine the number of
distinguishable permutation?

𝑛!
P= 𝑛
1 !𝑛2 !𝑛3 !…𝑛𝑘 !

Very good.
Do you have any question class?
None Ma’am!
V. Evaluation
Now bring out your activity notebook and
answer the following.

Read and answer the following questions:

1. How many distinct

permutations are there for
the word PHILIPPINES?
2. How many distinguishable
permutations exist for the
letters in the word
TENNESSE?

VI. Assignment
What is the difference between
permutation and combination?

Prepared by:
Vanessa V. Caisip