CT-539 Advance Computer Networking

Report on,
‘5G WIRELESS SYSTEM’

Provided by,

Mashal Naz Malik

IS-E-002
MS-IS (2018-19)

Submitted to,
Dr. Shariq M Khan

Date: 26th Dec 2018

Remarks
______________________

NED University of Engineering & Technology

Department of Computer Science & Information Technology

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ABSTRACT
5G will be a paradigm shift that includes very high carrier frequencies with massive bandwidths,
extreme base station and device densities, and unprecedented numbers of antennas. it will also
be highly integrative: tying any new 5G air interface and spectrum together with LTE and WiFi to
provide universal high-rate coverage and a seamless user experience. To support this, the core
network will also have to reach unprecedented levels of flexibility and intelligence, spectrum
regulation will need to be rethought and improved, and energy and cost efficiencies will become
even more critical considerations. [1]

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
S. NO. TOPICS PAGE NO.
1. Abstract 2
2. Introduction 4
3. What is 5G & its advantage over 4G with application? 4
4. When will 5G launched? 4
5. 5G Network Architecture 5
6. Evolution of technology 7
7. Reference 11

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INTRODUCTION
5G is the fifth-generation wireless system. The growth of smart devices results in data traffic has
increased the need for higher capacity wireless network. Moreover, with the emergence of
Internet of Things (IOT), billions of devices will be connected and managed by wireless network.
Network must provide high energy efficiency at low cost. [1]

WHAT IS 5G & ITS ADVANTAGE OVER 4G WITH APPLICATION?

4G is the mobile network that’s used around the world to make calls, send messages, surf the
web, watching YouTube at HD etc. 5G, transformative wireless technology, is a new faster
network that has potential to transform the internet. It is a software defined network, means it
won’t replace cables entirely instead it replaces the need for them by largely operating on the
cloud. This means it will have 100 times better capacity than 4G, which will dramatically improve
internet speed. For instance, downloading in 3G takes about 26 hours, 4G about 6 mins and 5G
about 3.6 sec.
Response time will also be much faster i.e. 1millisecond. It provides continuous stream of data
which helps to delivered quicker information. For instance, self-driving car, required continuous
stream of data, run better and safer.
It could become the connective tissue for IOT (Internet of Things), which help to control robots,
medical dev ice, industrial equipment and agriculture machinery.
5G will also provide much more personalized web experience using technique called network
slicing. It is a way of creating separate wireless network on cloud. It boosts 5G internet capacity
and thus improving its visitor’s online experience. For instance, in an online game user can get
much faster response time and greater data capacity.

WHEN WILL 5G LAUNCHED?

Most of the researchers said maybe t the end of 2019 or start of 2020. It is estimated that even
by 2025 the network will still lag by 4G in terms of global mobile connection, because it faces
many hurdles, most significant of these course is cost.
In U.K 3G, 4G cheap to set-up because they are able to roll out on existing frequency of country
radio spectrum. For 5G, it needs much bigger bandwidth greater than 3.4Ghz which would
require brand new infrastructure.
HUAWEI & ZTE are about to launch 5G trials. Nearly 2025, half of all mobile connections in U.S
will be 5G. [2]

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5G Network ARCHITECTURE
5G with central and local servers provide faster content and low latency application.

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5G architecture network have two main components:

• Radio Access Network

It includes small cell, tower, macro cells and dedicated systems that connects core
network and wireless devices. Small cells will be a core feature of 5G system particularly
at new frequencies i.e. around 1 mm wave. To establish strong and continuous
connection, small cells will be distributed in cluster form to support macro cells that
provide wide area coverage.
5G macro cells will use MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) antennas that have
multiple elements or connections to send and receive more data simultaneously. Thus
people can simultaneously connect to the network and maintain high throughput. MIMO
antennas are often referred to as ‘Massive MIMO’ due to the large number of multiple
antenna elements and connections however the physical size is like existing 3G and 4G
base station antennas.

• Core Network
is the mobile exchange and data network that manages all of the mobile voice, data and
internet connections. For 5G, the ‘core network’ is being redesigned to better integrate
with the internet and cloud based services and includes distributed servers across the
network improving response times (reducing latency).
5G features i.e. Network Function Virtualization and Network Slicing, for different applications
and services will be managed at core. [3]

OSI LAYER ARCHITECTURE OF 5G

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EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOOGY (1G-5G)
1G – FIRST GENERATION MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
The first generation of mobile network was deployed in Japan by Nippon Telephone
and Telegraph company (NTT) in Tokyo during 1979. In the beginning of 1980s, it
gained popularity in the US, Finland, UK and Europe. This system used analogue
signals and it had many disadvantages due to technology limitations.
• Key features (technology) of 1G system
o Frequency 800 MHz and 900 MHz
o Bandwidth: 10 MHz (666 duplex channels with bandwidth of 30 KHz)
o Technology: Analogue switching
o Modulation: Frequency Modulation (FM)
o Mode of service: voice only
o Access technique: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
• Disadvantages of 1G system
o Poor voice quality due to interference
o Poor battery life
o Large sized mobile phones (not convenient to carry)
o Less security (calls could be decoded using an FM demodulator)
o Limited number of users and cell coverage
o Roaming was not possible between similar systems

2G – SECOND GENERATION COMMUNICATION SYSTEM GSM

Second generation of mobile communication system introduced a new digital
technology for wireless transmission also known as Global System for Mobile
communication (GSM). GSM technology became the base standard for further
development in wireless standards later. This standard can support up to 14.4 to
64kbps (maximum) data rate which is sufficient for SMS and email services.
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system developed by Qualcomm also
introduced and implemented in the mid 1990s. CDMA has more features than GSM
in terms of spectral efficiency, number of users and data rate.

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 • Key features of 2G system
o Digital system (switching)
o SMS services is possible
o Roaming is possible
o Enhanced security
o Encrypted voice transmission
o First internet at lower data rate
• Disadvantages of 2G system
o Low data rate
o Limited mobility
o Less features on mobile devices
o Limited number of users and hardware capability

2.5G WIRELESS SYSTEM

To support higher data rate, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) was introduced
and successfully deployed. GPRS was capable of data rate up to 171kbps
(maximum).
EDGE – Enhanced Data GSM Evolution also developed to improve data rate for GSM
networks. EDGE was capable to support up to 473.6kbps (maximum).
Another popular technology CDMA2000 was also introduced to support higher
data rate for CDMA networks. This technology has the ability to provide up to 384
kbps data rate (maximum).

3G – Third generation communication system

Third generation mobile communication started with the introduction of UMTS –
Universal Mobile Terrestrial / Telecommunication Systems. UMTS has the data rate
of 384kbps and it support video calling for the first time on mobile devices.
After the introduction of 3G mobile communication system, smart phones became
popular across the globe. Specific applications were developed for smartphones
which handles multimedia chat, email, video calling, games, social media and
healthcare.
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• Key features of 3G system
o Higher data rate
o Video calling
o Enhanced security, more number of users and coverage
o Mobile app support
o Multimedia message support
o Location tracking and maps
o Better web browsing
o TV streaming
o High quality 3D games

• Disadvantages of 3G systems
o Expensive spectrum licenses
o Costly infrastructure, equipment’s and implementation
o Higher bandwidth requirements to support higher data rate
o Costly mobile devices
o Compatibility with older generation 2G system and frequency bands

4G – FOURTH GENERATION COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

4G systems are enhanced version of 3G networks developed by IEEE, offers higher
data rate and capable to handle more advanced multimedia services. LTE (Long
Term Evolution) and LTE advanced wireless technology used in 4th generation
systems. Furthermore, it has compatibility with previous version thus easier
deployment and upgrade of LTE and LTE advanced networks are possible.
Simultaneous transmission of voice and data is possible with LTE system which
significantly improve data rate.
Wireless transmission technologies like WiMax are introduced in 4G system to
enhance data rate and network performance.

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 • Key features of 4G system
o Much higher data rate up to 1Gbps
o Enhanced security and mobility
o Reduced latency for mission critical applications
o High definition video streaming and gaming
o Voice over LTE network VoLTE (use IP packets for voice)
• Disadvantages of 4G system
o Expensive hardware and infrastructure
o Costly spectrum (most countries, frequency bands are is too
expensive)
o High end mobile devices compatible with 4G technology required,
which is costly
o Wide deployment and upgrade is time consuming

5G – FIFTH GENERATION COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

5G will be using advanced technologies to deliver ultra-fast internet and
multimedia experience for customers. Current LTE advanced networks will
transform into supercharged 5G networks in future. To achieve higher data rate,
5G technology will use millimeter waves and unlicensed spectrum for data
transmission.
• Key features of 5G technology
o Ultra fast mobile internet up to 10Gbps
o Low latency in milliseconds (significant for mission critical
applications)
o Total cost deduction for data
o Higher security and reliable network
o Uses technologies like small cells, beam forming to improve efficiency
o Forward compatibility network offers further enhancements in future
o Cloud based infrastructure offers power efficiency, easy maintenance
and upgrade of hardware [4]

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REFERENCES
[1]https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315475277_Next_generation_5G_wireless_netw
ork [accessed Dec 26 2018].
[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DG3pMcNNlw
[3] http://www.emfexplained.info/?ID=25916
[4]https://www.rfpage.com/evolution-of-wireless-technologies-1g-to-5g-in-mobile-
communication/

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