Name Shahab R Class Block 2 Date 10/29/10

CHAPTER
4
SECTION 3
Section Summary
PARLIAMENT TRIUMPHS IN ENGLAND

The first Stuart king, James I, inherited the throne in 1603. He READING CHECK
claimed absolute power. James clashed with Parliament. He also
Why was James II forced from
clashed with dissenters—Protestants who disagreed with the the throne?
Church of England. One such group, the Puritans, wanted sim-
pler services and a more democratic church without bishops.
In 1625, James’s son Charles I inherited the throne. He, too,
claimed absolute power. Tensions between Charles and
Parliament turned into the English Civil War. It lasted from
1642 to 1651. Supporters of Charles were called Cavaliers. The
supporters of Parliament were known as Roundheads. Oliver
Cromwell, the leader of the Parliament forces, guided them to
victory. In January 1649, Parliament had Charles executed.
The House of Commons then abolished the monarchy and
declared England a republic, called the Commonwealth. It was
ruled by Cromwell. Many new laws were passed, reflecting VOCABULARY STRATEGY
Puritan beliefs. Cromwell did not tolerate open worship for Find the word tolerate in the
Catholics. He did respect the beliefs of other Protestants and underlined sentence. What do
you think it means? In the next
welcomed Jews back to England. Eventually, people tired of
sentence, there is a phrase that
the strict Puritan ways. Cromwell died in 1658. In 1660, means the same thing as toler-
Parliament invited Charles II, the son of Charles I, to rule. ate. Use that context clue to help
Charles II’s successor, James II, was forced from the throne you figure out the meaning of
in 1688. Protestants feared that he planned to restore the tolerate.
Roman Catholic Church. Parliament offered the crown to
James’s Protestant daughter, Mary, and her husband, William.
This peaceful change of rulers is known as the Glorious
Revolution. However, William and Mary first had to accept the
English Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights made sure that
Parliament had more power than the ruler. This helped estab-
lish a limited monarchy. READING SKILL
Over time, Britain’s government became a constitutional Identify Supporting Details The
government. The law set limits on power. A cabinet, or group Bill of Rights was a triumph for
of parliamentary advisors who set policies, developed. In Parliament. What details in this
essence, the British government was an oligarchy—a govern- Summary support that main
ment run by a few powerful people. idea?

Review Questions
1. What was the result of the English Civil War?
Charles I was executed and England was made a republic, a
Commonwealth.

2. Who was Oliver Cromwell?

He was the leader of the Parliamentary forces in the English Civil
War and later the ruler of common wealth England.

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