TRINifY C011EG

UBRAR..Y
M.OOR.E
COLLECTION
RELATING
TO THE
FA~ EAST
 i

1000
CHINESE
FOUNDATION CHARACTERS

BY
Y. C. JAMES YEN and DANIEL C. FU

ROMANIZATION, TRANSLATION
and
VOCABULARY
BY
WILLIAM C. WffiTE

BOOK 1
(250 Characters)

School of Chinese Studies

University of Toronto
100 Queen's Park
1944
 FOREWORD
These "Thousand Foundation Characters"are
those selected and used by Dr.Y.C.James Yen,
the founder and national director of the
Mass Educational Movement in China.
Many millions of China's illiterates have
learned to read by the use of. these primers,
and they have been found remarkably useful
in enabling westerners to acquire a know-
ledge of written Chinese. The lessons are
in very good ~-~,so they ~re also most
suitable for those desiring knowledge of
the spoken language.
Chinese characters are essentially basic,
each character being a word, and each word
being monosyllabic. Sometimes two charao-
te~s are used together,to express an idea
which either character alone might not do
so well. They are oftentimes pictogr~
phic,especially in their archaic forms,
and the more complex characters are usual-
ly ideographic.
In Chinese dictionaries the characters
are invariably indexed under the 214 Rad-
icals,which are arranged according to the
number of strokes required to write them.
The arrangement of characters under these
radicals is also according to number of
writing strokes,but not counting the rad-
ical strokes.
The characters in Chinese literature are
usually arranged in vertical columns,and
are read from top to bottom beginning from
the right.
Apart from its form,whioh includes its
indexing radical, each character has its
meaning,its sound,its tone number,and its
syntactic usage.
 F·o r the convenience of westerners,sounds
of the ahinese characters are expressed
by the English alphabet in what is known
as Romanization. There are many systems
of Romanization,but no one has been found
adequately to cover the various and vary-
ing sounds of the Chinese language, and a.ll
have serious limitations to universal or
common use. The system used in these
lessons is that known as Wade's Romaniz-
ation,and is that invariably used in dic-
tionaries,and in diplomatic and commercial
usage. While it m9\Y' appear to be a system
o! inept phonetic spellings of Chinese
words,yet by use and familiarity it is
found to be a very useful and workable
system.
The following are some of the more im-
portant sound values of the English let-
ters in this system:
Vowels
as J.n father; e as in fed, and e as u in us;
.,.1a as -----
long e,and also as i in with,and When
standing a'!one m~ be wr!tten rl·
.2 as in moan,!! as in rule;U as .g,2• and when
sta.nding--arQne mB\Y' be written z!!;~ as in
-
nut.
Consonants
l as ! in !:!!!H!£' as ~,and ~ approximates s;
E' as ~,and E approximates b;t' as t,and
t approximates d. - - -
:£h' is .Ql: as in-church;.£!! i s J. as in jam;
ts' as in seats;!! approximates ~ sound;
- --
tz' is tz;tz approximates dz.
Diphthongs
-
!4. as in aisle;~ as .2!! in !!.2:!'!;!! as in
deign;iu as ,!!! in ~;s as in ..!2!!!•
(Oontinued on last leaf of this book)
 LESSON l

1i gg --- -- -A.
A. A. A. A.
-t /\. J-
/'\ W1 --
_:f. ~ ~ .:f .f.
• ' ' ' '
Yi j en erh shou, erh j en szu shou,
san jen liu ehou,szu jen pa shou,
wu j en shih ehou.

A man (has) two hands, two men(have)

four hands,three men(have)six hands,
f'our men(have) eight hands,five men
(have)ten hands.

l
 VOCABULARY 1

• •
YI(i)
one,a
1

us
... •
._ sAN
three
1

216/l 428/l.
2
~
A
Lro4
Am: person
~ six

-
226/9 315/12
ERH4
~PA'
a 4 two ~ eigh~
125/7 373/12
SHOU
3
wua

4-
458/64
hand .1i.
607/7
five

s.zU4 SHIH 2
P.S
481/~1
four
+
450/24
ten,
complete

2
 VOCABULARY 2
3
HSI 1
IL
CHIU

ttb west,
foreign
nine,deep
158/146 84/5

~
KUNGa.4
KUA 1
Jt~ melon altogether,
to give;bow
263/97 279/12
/.~
1 1
CH 1 I
~
KUNG
seven A public,just;
duke;male
37/1 277/12

Ko 4 ~~ rilfl
1~ individual.;
classifier
':7J to divide,
distinguish;
I office,share

_.
251/9 134 18

A w•
also,and,
YEI 3
each,every
again
639/29 334/80

3
 LESSON 2

4q: -- # x x ~
A A -+- /\. ~ JL
/\. /j}
'01 11M 1m] -t
1lm 4 1@ ' '
1lM
• ' ·•
'
Hsi-kua ch'i-ko,yu pa-ko,yu chiu-ko,
kung erh-shih-szu ko.
San jen kung fen,mei jen pa-ko.

(There were)water-melons seven pieces,

also eight pieces,also nine pieces,
(making)altogether twenty-four pieces.
Three men evenlY divided{them),eaoh
man obtaining eight pieces.

4
 LESSON 3

ts tzJ1 x
11 1Im $
~ ~
- -
-A.
W- $ ll-1 ~ 7C ~
1l ' ~
M 7J<. *'
$
'
$
• $
•

Yi jen hsieh tz.u. Hsieh yi t' ien tzu,

hsi eh yi ti tzu ,yu hsi eh shan tzu shui
t.zu. Szu ko tzu,tou hsieh-te hen hao.

A man wrote characters. He vn-ote a.

'heaven' chara.cter,he wrote an' earth'
character, (and) also wrote'mounta.in'
character(and)'water'cha.ra.cter.
The four characters, (were) aJ.l written
very well.
 VOCABULARY :3

t'U HSIEH
3
._;t. SHUI
3

~~ to write ~J~ water,fluid

175/40 467/85
~ Tzlt 4 ~ TOU(tu)
1

~ written word; -i:IJ"

a name,style
all,
the whole
586/39 533/163
411 T'IEN~ ~6 Ti 2

A heaven,sky;
dayJnatural
1:.;f.
'I
to get,
attain
523/37 505/60

~v~;:
~J.. TI
4

~ the earth,
position exceedingly
511/:32 1.5:3/60
~
J .. SHAN'
HADa,4
......, mountain, ~- good,well;
hill;wild very
4:34/46 150/38

6
 VOCABULARY 4

~~ CHIA
1
lL LAO 3

~ family;class; '/t.- old;very;

people · skilled
4~40 289/125
~
'fJ
YU
3

to have ~
J lfSIAO
• small,petty
3

»
638/?4

NAN•
male,man,
son
~?~42

~~
T ~u:NG
withaaJ.l;
together
2

354/1.02 58~30

TI
1
CH'm 1
partiole: ~
'if'-:} adjectival,
adverbial.,
possessive
u to eat;
suffer;
stammer

509/1.06 '71/30
wa ~FAN'
-k woman,
female
cooked rice,
food
369/38 1.29/184
 LESSON 4

-
ffi] * * *"-!i; * -- ~
ll~ * ag *A
IJ"
fl~ ~ ~
111 ' ' ' ' A.
•
'

Yi chia pa jen,yu nan-ti,yu nii-ti,

yu lao-ti,yu hsiao-ti,-
yi-t'ung ch'ih-fan.

In a family of eight persons,there

were male,there were remale,there
were old,and there were young,-
and in one group(together)the,y ate
their food.

8
 LESSOl{ 5

~ 1.~ -Pltr IJ" . - lf

A ~ ftJ ~ ttr I~
tJt ~ !k FJ}
I~
- IPl
1! 4- .dt-
.....-b 1f ~
• ~~ •
~~ J.~ '
?
? •

Niu ma t'ung tsou,yi oh'ien yi hou.

Hsiao-hai wen lao-jen:
"Ch' ien-ti shih niu ma?
Hou-ti shih ma ma?"
Lao-jen shtlio "Shih 11 •

An ox and a horse together walked,

one in ~ront and one behind.
A small boy asked the old man:
11 Is the front one an ox?

I a the hinder one a horae?"

The old man aa.id "Yea".

'
9
 VOC~'13UL.ARY 5
wEN.
4
mu 2
an ox PJ] to ask,
:problem
365/93 603/30

,tl, MA.a
a horse
>~ smro'
~ Uto speak,
soold,talk

*
326/18'7

Tsou'
to walk,go,
travel
it
469/149

CH'IEN'
befo~e,
in front
555/156 64/18

~~ MA.' ~ SHm
4

~~interrogative~ to be,yes,
partio1e thus
326/30 453/'72
wm HAI2 l~ HOU'
-l~ ~hi1d,boy ~behind,
after
145/~9 15'7/40

10
 VOCABULARY 6
SHANG a,t J. • TU 2,4

J:.. upon;superior ~
.-fig
above;go up; ~I:l to read,
study
438/1 567/149
~
7t
1 1
HSIEN SIDJ

first,before, ~ book,letter,
ancient to write
176/10 460/73
,d., SHENG
1
~ K'O(k'e) 4
:::t_ to beget, .:;,~ 1 essons, task
grow ,life
445/100 254/149
1
CHIAO '• ~ PAI(po) 8
.,., to teach;
~ doctrines 1:!1 hundred
50/66 377/106
' J11. HsiiEH (hsi ao) 2 O .rm•
7
1
to learn,
education
..., dey,sun
194/39 229/72

11 '
 LESSON 6

w- ~~ ~ ~ 7G
a a - - !:£ ~
wf ~ ~l ~l ~~ ~
Ef - ' ff
--
•
'
~ -~*
• '

Hsien-sheng ehiao shu,hsueh-sheng

tu-shu. Chiao yi k'o,tu yi k'o.
n jih chiao yi k' o,
:pa.i j ih tu :pa.i k' o.

A teacher teaches books, a scholar

reads books. He teaches a lesson,
and he reads a lesson.
In one d~ he would teach one lesson,
( and he) in a hundred daors vrould read
a hundred lessons.

12
 LESSON 7

-----
'
,

' •
'

San ko hsie.o-hai-erh,
yi ko k'u,yi ko hsiso,
yi ko pu-k'u pu-hsiao.
Ko ~ru ko ti shen-ch'i,
chen-cheng hao k'an 1

There were three small boys,

one wa.s crying, one vras laughing,
and one neither cried nor laughed.
Each having his own dispoai tion,
really was intereating(good) to see 1

'
13
 VOCABULARY 7

2 . ~ 2

Yt.. son
:ant,bcy, ;tJt
~
::y;apirit;
very
12~10 . 1 444/113
K'U ~ CH'I 4

}t to weep,cry ~
ff'~
air;force;
temper
262/30 40/84
1
~}:* HSIAO 4 A

-A-
CHE}l

~toglad
laugh, genuine;truly
172/118 24/109
CHENG a,4
~
PU'
negative ,not ..lE. correct
421/1 28/77

~ KO(kl!)' K' AN'

{i
1,4

each, every, to look at,see;

all look after
251/30 241/~09

14
 VOCABULARY 8
1 4

JJt
CH'ING SHUI

*
82/174
green,blue,
black
468/109
to sleep

~
3
~
TS '.AD 1

grass,
careless
~ FEI
negative,not
547/140 13:?/175

• CHI' ~~ CH'ANG
2

fowl, ' frequent,

chicken c·onstant
31/172 ~7/50

~ 93/94
CHU'

pig,swine m
5.8 5/132
TzU •
oneself,from

ro2
-f~1
3
KOU

255/94
dog tb
636/102
fromJorigin;
follow

15
 LESSON 8

~~ lf~ Jf ~ 1f ~. ·~
;;~ ~ ® ~ ~ rm
1t~~~1r~
tl Jtt ' , ~ _t
lt/1/f. ~'
. ' ~~
•

· cn•ing ts'ao ti-shang,

yu chi yu elm yu kou.
Tsou-ti tsou,ehui-ti shu1,
ch'ih-te'ao-ti ch'ih-ts'ao,-
tou fei-ch'ang tzu-yu.

On the green grassy earth,there were

fowls and pigs and dogs.
Those that walked were walking,those
that slept were sleeping,and those
that ate grass were eating grass,-all
in a state of unusual contentment.

16
 LESSOlr 9

;f;f: :4f=. t7 ~J: t7 ~X

~[[Sf. 1:t 1t 1-t
-H-
1:t
5( -
-- ?± ff 1m I#]
1-t -tt ift T T
t1 fJ :it m
• • •

Rung-hua k'ai-liao l
Pai-hua k' ai-liao 1
Hung-hua tsai ts 'un nen.
Pa.i-hua tsai ts 'un J?ei.
Nien-nien erh snn ydeh,
hue. hung yu hua pai.

The red flowers are open 1

The white flowers are open l
The red flowers are on the south of
the village.
The White flowers are on the north
of the village.
Year by year in the second and
third months,there are flowers
that are red,and flowers that
are white.

17

(
 VOCABULARY 9
1

~
2

~:j
HUNG TS ''UN

~'~ red village

2~2/~20 562/75

~). KUA
~ flower;vioe;
1

to s:pend
,t:J NAN

south
2

200/140 355/24

1ft] K'AI
to o:pen
1

J l PEI
north
3

236/169 391/2l.
8 2

1
LIAO .:,:. NIEN
finished, year,age
:past ,over
303/6 362/51
•
~
2 ••
PAI

rJ
YUEH

\vhi te moon,month

1i.
417/106
TSAI
j

at,in;living
654/74

538/32

18
 VOCABULARY 10

~ HSIN
1
~ YEHa
1ffJ new,freah ~ a1eo,and
182/69 6~0/5
4
t~z. h~Alf
1
TAO

to rea.oh, ~g1ad,happy
arrive
203/76
~ liSI 3

~ to rejoice,
joy,g1ad
360/ 9 161/30
JIJ! HO
4
~ JE(jo)'
J'~ c ongratu1ate ~ hot,to heat
1.56/154 229/86

~~ wo
3
llJ~ N.AO 4
~ I,rnyse1f I'P... buatle,noiae,
disturb,scold
370/62 357/191

19

(
 LESSOU 10

A. ~ 11F ~
**
~lo
A.
#X. ~ IDt Sf
~ ~ itl
)\

~ tt 1{ ~ 7
ffiiJ
~
-*
-1- ~ ' I
• , •

Hsin-nien tao-liao 1
Ni shuo ho-nien,wo yeh shuo
ho-nien.
~en-jen huan-huan hsi-hsi,
chi a-chi a j e- j e nao-nao.

The New Year has come 1

You say 'Greetings of the Year',
and I also se;r 'Greetings of the
Year'.
People are joyful and happy, .
families are excited and busy.

j.

20
 LESSOlf 11

$.X$:f.tE--
m~~~~
x ;f.~ R§ _t 1J~

~tf~tT~
,
•
' •
~t ~
. '
Yi ch'Un hsia.o-hai-erh,
t sai ch' ang-shang ta-ch' iu.
Tung ch'i hai lo,
nan ch' i pei lo.
Yu t' iao yu hsia.o,
chen shih k'uai-lo.

A group of small boys, ( \7er e)

on the courtyard pleying ball.
It ascended in the east and
creme down in the west,
i t ascended in the south and came
down in the north.
They uere jumping and laughing, and
truly they were happy.

21
 VOC.A13TTLARY 11

,lt
t
2
CH'UN 1
CH I a
grou:p,gang, arise,to rise,
flock begin
1.24/1.23

.4- 1
CH IU
2

ball,globe
tt
40/156

.. w'
to fall,drop
f'

:lJ
86/96 316/140

CH'ANG
level area,
2
.M~~/'IAO 4

to jump,dance
arena,field

.tr
18/32

TA a
to strike
518/157

•tk K'UAI 4

quiokaha.p:pya
ehar:p;soon
484/64 265/61

..
1 4
TUNG I.!(lo)

*
~78/75
East
291/75
joy,
to rejoice

22
 ~ ~
1 1 4
HSIUNG CHUNG '

/l..J elder brother •T middle,midst

188/10 108/2
4
TI - 4_~ HSING 2

younger
brother
JJT to walk, act ,
motion,deeds
512/57 18~144

)..}A. TSO
4
tl. ~ CH' I
2

.:;t... to sit ~itohorseback

.. ride
552/32 38/187

6,t CH'UAN 2 t)l AN 4

1CJ~boat '
.;lf cliff. bank

102/137 4/46

~,
HO
2
d) KENG 1,4

Ji13J
.

river _A still nore

155/85 247/73

23
 LEsson 12

.~ ~ {tJL (£ ~ /~
~ 1i Jlf- )~at ~PI ~ ~ ~

--
lJ
~ ~ _t ~~ '9t ~
~ l}j( JE: ' 1-r A.
tfjt ' • , •
•

Ksiung-ti erh jen:

ti tso ch'ua.n,tsai ho-chung hsing;
hsiung ell' i ma,tsai an-shang tsou.
Ch'uan hsing-te k'uai,ma tsou-te
kens k'ua.:i..

There were two brothers:

the younger sat in a boat,wbich
proceeded along the middle of the
river;the elder rode a horse,that
walked on the bank(of the river).
The boat proceeded quickly,but the
horae wa.lked still more quickly.

24
 LESSON 13

• , •

Sanko jen,t'ung-lu ch'u-ch'li mai

ts'ai. Yi jen shuo:
" if o mai chi , ni nai. yU, t ' a mai j ou" •
San j en leo mai ko-ti ,hen te-yi-t.i
hui-lai.

Three men went out together to buy

food. One man said:
"I will buy foVTl,you will buy fish,
and he will buy me<:'.t".
The three men each bou~Lt his
separate kind,and very well satisfied
they came back.

25
 VOCABULARY 13

tl.?t LU
4
JJ. T'A
1

JJfl"'- road,vray,path ·~ he,she,it,

other
319/15? 487/9

t!:
1
~
4
CH'U JOU

out,from IAJ meat,flesh

9?/17 231/130

~ CH'U
4
~ YI(i) 4
~
~ to 1ee.ve,go, '~ thought,wi11,
dismiss intention
117/28 220/61
~MAI a HUI
2

J1 to buy,
purchase
~ toe, return ;time
327/ 154 208/31 2
~ TS'AI
4
LAI

~ vegetables, .1\~ to cone;

,..., ~ food ~ pluperfect

&
541/140

I~'\
yij'
fish
284/9

642/195
26
 VOCABULARY 14

CH'A
2
- ~~ HUA 4

tea
;1{2
spoken v1ords
8/140 201/149
3 2
KUAN KOO

hote1,1nn, country
shop
268/184 280/31
~ L 3 4

~
SHIH

~
296/145
i:side,1n,

TO
inner

1
•454/6
affair;to serve

HSIA
4

many ,l'ID.lch, belo-w, dovm,

mostly

_.t
next
529/36 164/1
3
...
-, ~
T'AN 2 WANG
~ to talk, to go past;
converse proceed
495/149 594/60

2'1
 LESSON 14

-:!-~
~ *1f;f[f[ iij)( ~
:4-~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~
r-11
* \fl

~ {:£7( ~
\fl

~ t£ T~~ A. '
\1}

tJ
tr9 1{
*
• ' ~ ag fm 11{
~ ' ' ~
• •

Ch'a-kuan-li,t'an-hua ti jen hen to.

Yu t' an chi a.-shih-ti ,yu t' an kuo-
shih-ti,yu t'an t'ien-hsia-shih-ti.
Lai-lai wang-Tiang j e-nao te hen.

In a tea-shop,the people who were

talking together were very many.
Some were talking of family affaire,
some of national affairs ,and oti:lers
of affairs in general.. The coning
and going were exceedingly boisterous.

28
 LESSOU 15

•
Nung-ts'un chung,yu ts'ao-vu
shu-chien. Gh'ien-rnien shih ho,
hou-mien shih shan. Tso-yu shih
ko chung shu-:mu. Nung-chia
sheng-huo,shih-fen k'uai-lo.

In a farming village,there were a

few thatched cottages. In front
there was a river,and at the back
there was a mountain. To the left
and the ri~4t there were all kinds
of trees. The life of a fanner is
a perfectly happy one.
'

29
 VOCABULARY 15
2
• NUNG ~YU4
~ agriculture, /t:t right handJ
"""" farm, to f ann to honour
368/161 639/30
vm 1 CHUNG a, 4

~ house,room
~ seed;kind;
to sow
605/44 109/115

..t SHU ' -t!J. SHU 4

~number,a few;~~ tree

to count
463/66 463/75
a.tt:l CHIEN t,4 ~ w•
I~QJ between,
to eepare.te
~wood, tree
58/169 350/75
~MIEN 4
HUO
2

{~ face,eurface a.live5to live;

motion
342/176 214/85

+ TSO
3

/~ left hand,
552/48

30
 VOCABULARY 16
6 I
HUI
" ' HSIN
meeting, t0 h ea.rt ,mind;
to meet centre
209/73 181/61

t£ CHANG
1
ifJ. T'ING
1

~ extend;open; ~ to hea.r,obey
boast s. .
14/57 527/128
CHAN' ~ CHAO 2

to stand, ~ present part-

stop iciple;attein
lg/117 19/109

)~ 1~t: :o ;make;
6 4

p::ice;
1 eoture be in action
625/85 553/9
~. . . CHIANG • ..;!'.;.. SHENG I

12-IIJ- lecture,talk,
explain
.s=,- sound,voiceJ
reputation
45/149 446/128
Ao$. CHING 4

fl'f silence,calm
81/174
31
 LESSON 16

~~* * *& *- it] *f

~J0*1t'WIMJ~
~ _t Ykl A l#l
itt -
-~1±ffii7t~­
•
' T ~}{ 1:. ~ '
wa ' •
' •

Ts'un-chung k' a.:i-hui,tao-ti jen

hen to. Yu ko Chang haien-sheng,
chan tsai sha.ng-mien yen-chiang.
Ta-chia tso tsai hsia-mien,ching-
hsin t'ing-chao,tou pu tso sheng.

In a village a meeting was convened,

and those who came were very many.
There was a Mr.Ghang who stood above
and lectured. The audience all sat
below quietly listening,without making
a sound.

:32
 LESSON 17

Szu ko hsiao hsUeh-sheng,

chan-ti chan,tso-ti tso,
tsai ts'ao ti-shang ch'ang ko.
"Ch'un feng ho,ch'un jih uuan.
Ching-shen shuang-k'uai,
Hsi-eh' 1 ch'ung.-man".

There vrere four small students,

some standing,some sitting,on the
grassy ground singing a song.
"The spring breeze is ba.lmy,
The spring sun is warm. /

Our spirits are ch~erful,

Our joy is full measure".

33
 VOCABULARY 1?
4 3

~
CH'ANG NUAN

"3
18/30
to sing;
call out
368/?2
warm,mild

~*
1 1

fJt
Ko CHING
song essence,fine;
vigor a smart
249/?6 ?9/119

~
1 3
CH'UN SHUANG

10?/?2
spring

1
*
46?/89
lively,
cheerful

£
FENG

wind;
breeze
jL CH'UN'G
to fill;
act as
136/182 110/10

iP
2
MAN a

~~
H0
to unite, full
in harmony entire
154/30 329/85

34
 VOCABULARY 18

~t TzU
3
~ NIEN
4

elder sister to read,ohant

585/38 364/61

_!..I: MEl
4
J91' LI
3

~younger ~to manage;

sister principles
334/38 295/96
2
1. ~ ~ a

..-'-f-~ r:,source1
TS'UNG
obey,
to follow,
from, since c.of books;
566/60 395/75 capital.
2
}I)
·_t
4
T'ANG YUNG
hall /T.J to use;with,by
. 499/32 642/101

~1_ PAD
4
r-+t KUNG 1

..:f~ a j ourna.l,
report,
~~ merit,
efficacy,
387/32 requite 276/19 efficiency

HSIN
4 '
1-tz- a letter;
trust;believe
183/9

35
 LESSON 18

Tzu-mei san j en,

ts 'ung hsU.eh-t' ang-li hui chi a..
Yi ko k' an pa.o ,yi ko hsieh hsin,
yi ko nien ti-li tu-pen.
Shih-fen yung-kung,chia-jen tou
huan-hsi.

There were three sisters(who)from

school had returned home. One was
looking at the newspaper,one was
writing a letter, and one was reading
a. geography primer.
They were perfectly efficient,and
the members of the family were all
delighted.

36
 LESSON 19

»t-~~#t£t}~1f-­
~15 ~ lli ~ i.tf T 11M f~t
~~*A.L-~Jf.
Jt ' K ' ~4 ~ -"F '
•
W~A.
•
' '
•

Yi ch' ing tsao ,yu ko hsia.ng-hsia

j en, t' iao-liao yi tan ts' ai., tsai
ehi6h-shang chiao mai.
Hao to jen,tou ch'u-lai ma1.
Yi-hui-erh,chiu pa ts' ai mai
wan-liao.

One early morning, there was a

villager,who carried a load of
vegetables,oold on the street called
them for sale. A good many persons,
all came out to buy. In a moment,
thereu:pon, they had taken the vegetables
and bought them u:p completely.

37
 VOCABULARY 19

~'_L
rn- t2,)~
1 4
CH'ING CHIAO
pur~,olear T to oall,let,
oormnand
82/85 50/30
3
TSAO ~ MAI'
,~
early, soon,
morning
9{ to sell

545/72 328/154
1 3
A' PA

..:t~
HSIANG
~e.~
r vill~e,
country
grasp;htmdf'ul.;
guard
166/163 374/64

~
1
'- T'IAO CHIU 4

'1~~ to oarry; towards;then,

guard ;mix at onoe
516/64 85/43
~~
4 2

n
TAN

load;bear;
.
,.; WAif
to finish
.,... to carry /G
4g~64 591/40
~_11-
1
CHIEH
~.., a street
53/144
38
 VOCABULARY 20
4

~;t:~::.
HU

mutual,
harvest dovetail
86/115 199/7
.v, SHOU , ~r;1 HSIANG
1

~ to receive, ~t:f mutual,

harvest reciprocal
457/66 167/109
~ CH•i:NG
2
i!s CHIAO
1

~~ to complete, '~ to join,unite;

perfect ~~ deliver
29/62 47/8
3

~
~
:lled
millet
rice,
~
.J~
HU.Alf•

to exchange,
alter
338/119 20.;64
~ K'E(k'o)
4
KAJTG 2

~ gueat,
passenger
busy,haste
254/40 330/61

39
 LESSON 20

.XB~11£~-f!k7f[
~tr _t * tJis *
JZJI\f=**J~-
7( -

1~ lfl
flj ifj
g~~rt
I J~ ~ *
' '
•
t~ ~ .
' ' '
Yu y1 nang-cbia,oh'iu-t'ien
shou-ch' eng hen hao ,yi chi a
ta-hsiao,tou t'iao mi ch'u mai.
Ts'ung chia-chung tao k' e-
c}\'uan,lu-shang hu-hsiang
chia.o-hua.n,yu mang yu k'ua.i-huo.

There was a farming family,whose

autumn harvest was ver.y good,and
the whole family large and small,
all carried the rice out to sell.
From the home until reaching the
passenger boat,they mutually
interchanged(their loads),and were
both busy and cheerful.

. 40
 LESSOU 21

~~*~~Jf~
it * ~ ~ =f jl} Jf}l
~~1±1±1M~~
~{t1?1f,tili1t\
,
• ' ~ # ~ · ~lt
• ' fi{.§t
4•
.
•
Ch'ing-ming hou,yeh-wai
t'ien-oh'i ho-nuan. Hai-tzu-men
oh'u-oh'u fang-niu;yu-hsieh tsai
shu-lin,yu-hsieh tsai ts•ao-ti.
Tao-chao ch'ang-ko,shih-tsai
kao-hsing.

After the Ching-ming festival,in •

the open- country the weather is
mild and warm. · The children go
out to pasture the oxen; some in . .
the woods,and some in the grassy
lands. They sit and sing ditties,
and certainly are in high s:piri ts.

41
 VOCABULARY 21
1 1

~t
MING HSilm

bright; ..;:. a little,

understand few
344/'72 17 3/7
~YEHa
2
LIN
~J a desert;
wild,rustic
~Jl.
~· forest,
grove
•
620/166 309/'75

'~0::1~ . Jiht 2
BlaH
~ true; solid;
foreign in reality
590/36 451/40
~ Tzit
3
it XAO'
_.-.J .c hild;seed; high;noble;

'a;1l
~
noun-ending ·~ old
584/39 243/189
1 4
HSING ,

sign of ~ prosperJbegin;
plural feelings
335/9 184/134
J-1~ FANG 4

~to let go,

set free
132/66
42
 VOCABULARY 22

.. ~LIANG
8
'SJrt NA a,t

W.J two,a. pair n '"' interrogation

that' there;
301/ll 353( 163
~!t T'IEH
3
.,t. HO
3

!1~~ iron,metal .A fire,to burn

519/167. 214/86
1

;iL·c::s:on
KUNG
_:[. work;time;
duty
276/48 321/5

:ft :f:ont;
3
J. PI

reply; a pair
J:rU to comi>are
573/41 399/Sl.
~~
ra
... 4
CHE
1JP CHIA
1

this,here · to add to
24/162 42/19 '

" b PIElf J
,-~
_,~..., si~e,margin,
w edge; I>lace
408/162
43
 LESSON 22

)!J;bJk~~itMm
iJl:t tit ~ if if {£ 1mi
~f _t
~
'L 1T
a9 tzk - -
{T ~t
ffi1
jft
:r.
•
' '

•
'
Liang ko t'ieh-kung,chan teai
tui-mien ta-t' ieh. Che-pien ta
yi-heia,na-pien ta yi-heia.
Huo hua luan fang ,pi ehu-shang-ti
hung hua,keng chia hao k' an.

There were tvto blacksmi the,

standing opposite each other beating
the iron. This side struck a blow,
that aide struck a blow.
The fiery flowers buret in wild
confusion, ( and)compared to the red
flowers of the tree,they were still
more beautiful to see.

44
 L
E
s
s
0
lT
23

Fu-mu-eh'in ta-jen:
Erh ch'ien-t'ien tao hsiieh-t'ang,
yi-lu p'ing-an. Chin-t'ien shang-k'o~
hsien-sheng hen ho-ch'i,t'ung hsuen-
men yen hen hao,hsin-11 fei-ch'ang
k'uai-huo. Wang erh-wei ta-jen,
hao-hao pao-yang wei-yao.
Erh,Ho-chung shang. Erh-yi!eh erh-jih
Dear parents,-great persons:
Your son the d~ before yesterd~
arrived at school,and the journey was
peaceful. Tod~ I started lessona,the
teacher is of friendly dispositlon,and
my classmates also are very fine, so rrry
heart is unusually cheerful. I hope you
two great persona will very carefully
look after yourselvea,for tlrla is im-
portant.
Your son,Ho-chung,sends this up.
The 2nd.month,the 2nd.d~.
45
 VOCABULARY 23
4
~' FU4
WEI

X. father seat; a post;

c.of persons
143/88 599/9
~
1

Jt
77/147
CH'IN
to love,
relative,
self 386/9
to guard,
protect

_AJma ~
3
YANG
.,lJ.. mother ~.... to nourish;
bee.r;support
350/80 615/184
~ P'ING
2 WEI 2,4

~ - tranquil, to do;be;make;
even cause
415/51 596/87
h AN I d& YAO
4

~ quiet,rest; ~ to wentJwill;
still important
3/40 618/146
.-l:lJ w.ANG 4

~ to look at;
expect
595/74
46
 VOCABULARY 24
2
A wu 3

~
K'U

~no,not bitter,
wee:ry
606/86 262/140

1fi R~ P'AD
4 1
CHIA

pri·ce,value womb,mother
-13/9 389/130

•f
387/40
PAD
3

precious
~~
/J
451/149
SHIH
knowledge;
experience
2

,b SH.AO a,t CHm 1

/ few,seldom, wisdom,
wanting knowledge
440/42 65/111
~ K'O(k'8) 3
3
Cif'ING
-..J to permit, invi:te,
m~,can please
253/30 83/149

•t, ~_jt LIEN

to pity
2
J!j&
'~~
••
YUAN
to desireJ
4

Willing, a VOW
30'7/61 652/181
4'7
 LESSON 24

~f ti !l1ifi.K ~~ ~~
t ~~ ~ l~ ~- ~-
-:l~
~ iiJr ~ ~-~~f
~ 1fu ~ ' fft
M' ·M- ~tr: :g= {£~ ~if
I ;f. flJ ~ Sf. 11

~f
?
*
~g :9
•
~f
•
w
•
-
'
'
Tu-shu hao,tu-shu hao,
Tu-te shu to wu chia pao.
Yuan tu shu, tsai ni en shao.
K'o-lien to-shao k'u t'ung-p'ao,
Wu-shih wu-chih mang tao lao.
Ch' ing wen tu shu hao pu hao?
Rao! Hao! Haol

To read is good,to read is good,

To read much ·is a priceless thing.
We should went to read while young.
Alas,so m~ distressed brothers,
Toil in ignorance until old age,
I ask you is it good or not to read?
Good~ Goodt Goodl

48
 (Continued from first leaf of tbds book)
There are only some 420 Romanized words
required to cover all the sounds of ahin-
ese characters,so that where many differ-
ent characters have the same sound,it
would be impossible by the Romanization
alone, to know which particular character
was intended,unless that character was
in sight. This difficulty is met to some
extent by the tonal system.
The Mandarin dialect ,which is the basis
for the Kuo-~ or National Language ,has
four tonei;aiiCI each ahinese character
carries one of these four tones,and in
same cases more than one,when a different
meaning or use is indicated.
The respective tones for the characters
are the same all over ahina wherever the
Mandarin language is spoken,but different
localities give different intonations to
the tones. These differences are rapidly
disa.ppearing,due to the spread of the Nat-
ional Language,which is producing a more
universal standard of pronunciation,inton-
ation,and syntactical usage,and bids fair
to absorb the various dialects and brogues
of the country.
Chinese grammar ,when compared With that
of Western cognate languages,is conspicu-
ous by its simplicity and its elasticity.
The requirements of grammar are met chief-
ly by means of a definite word order,and
also by a few much used auxiliary words.
Syntactic and idiomatic use of words,
rather than fixed grammatical rules,are
essentials for logical and accurate expres-
sion of ideas in the Chinese language.
 The student is recommende~ to obtain a
co:py of C.H.Fenn's "Chinese-English
Pocket-Dictiona.ry",and endeavour s:peedily
to acquire facilfty in its use.
This dictionar.y gives various tables
essential to the study of Chinese,includ-
ing the list of the 214 Radicals.
The vocabulary of each lesson given in
these texts contains the new characters
first met with in the :particular lesson.
Under each character in the vocabularies
a double number is given,the first :part
of which is the :page in Fenn's dictionary
where the character m9\V be found,and the
second part of the number is the Radical
number under which the character is
indexed.
The strokes used to form each character
are always written in a :particular order
and the student should learn the sequence
and follow the order in counting the
strokes in a character,or in writing
them.
These texts do not show the order of
strokes,but the student m~ obtain these
from copy-books which are obtainable,and
could readily insert the stroke numbers
on the large characters given in the
vocabularies.