ADVENTIST MEDICAL CENTER COLLEGE

Senior High School Department

San Miguel, Iligan City

UNDERLYING EFFECTS OF MARAWI SIEGE: AND EXPLORATIVE STUDY1

Rigodon, Aiza M.
Pimping, Ali M.
Diambangan, Judilyn G.

1
A research paper presented to the Senior High School Department of Adventist Medical Center College,
as a partial fulfillment of the course Research 1 of the section Genesis, under the supervision of Mr.
Welbert A. Ronquillo, MSApN, RND, submitted this March 20,2019
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Approval Page iii

Biographical Sketch iv
Acknowledgement v
List of Tables x
List of Figures xii
List of Appendices xv
List of Acronyms xvi
Definition of Terms xviii
Abstract xix
INTRODUCTION 1
Statement of the Problem 2
Objectives of the Study 2
Significants of the Study 3
Scope and Limitation 3
Conceptual Framework 4
REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5-12
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Physical relating to the body of a person instead of the mind.

Social relating to or involving activities in which people spend time
talking to
each other or doing enjoyable things with each other.
Psychological relating to the mind or way of thinking of a person.
Economic relating to the source of income or livelihood of a person.
Underlying lying under or fells under the case of something.
Hostage a person captured by someone who demands that certain things be
done
before the captured person is freed.
Escaped to get away from a place
Captive a person kept in prison
Raid surprise attack on an enemy by soldiers or other military forces.
Incursion Sudden invasion or attack
Hostile Very harsh

xviii
 CHAPTER 1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, there are lots of incidents happened that is related to our country
which is Philippines. Bombs attacks, kidnappings and murders. These are the words that
come to our mind when we hear the word terrorism. Terrorism is an already known
problem in our country, for it brings every day horror to the people living in the area, and
it really affects not only those people, but also the country as a whole. The government
actually did so many actions already just to protect the people from being harmed by the
terrorists. However, the question is, are the government’s actions in resolving the issues
on terrorism in the country, particularly in Mindanao area, enough to keep peace and
order?

What happened in our country specifically in Marawi city gave nightmare to the
people, especially those who were really affected during the battle. It was not an easy
battle for the people. People who were not affected with the siege felt afraid of what they
heard, how much more those people who saw the battle with their two eyes. During the
war, endless tears fell to those who were being affected. Striving everyday just to survive,
hide for as long as they can, and seek for food for as long as they can manage. And even
as of this moment whose people were still on the stage of their recovery, recovering for
what is lost especially those people who lost the lives of their love ones. It is not easy to
accept everything immediately, even the families of the soldiers who serves as our hero
during the siege also lost their lives just to bring back the City to its original form and to
also save the lives of our fellow Filipinos. The people were affected socially, physically,
economically, and psychologically. This is what explains the siege that happened in
Marawi City. People were vulnerable to different aspects that could affect their lifetime.

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study manifests and examines the underlying effects of the siege that
happened in Marawi City. What are the experiences of the people who were affected of
the siege, how are they feeling during and after the siege, what are the possible answers
to their needs, what are the underlying effects of the Marawi Siege.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

General Objective

a.) The study aims to identify the social effects, psychological effects, physical
effects, economic effects. this study examines the underlying effects of Marawi siege to
the people in Marawi City.

Specific Objective

b.) The study aims to know the Underlying effects of Marawi siege.

HYPOTHESIS

H1: There is a significant effects of Marawi Siege.

Ho: Identify the effects of Marawi Siege that can contribute to the victims of the siege.

H1: There is no significant effects of Marawi Siege.

Ho: Identify the effects of Marawi Siege that cannot contribute to the victims of the siege.

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SIGNIFICANTS OF THE STUDY

The result of the study will be of a great help to the people who were affected by
the Marawi Siege. It would serve as a guide on how to help and give the needs of the
people who were affected of the siege.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The study was mainly focused on 30 people who were affected during and after

the Marawi Siege in Marawi City and isolated here in Iligan City.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Social Effects: Psychological Effects:

•Migration  Distress
 Grief/Withdrawn/Isolation
•Life style changes
 Hatred/Revenge
•Family & social disorganization

Underlying Effects of Marawi

Siege

Physical Effects: Economic Effects

 Injuries  Loss of Livelihood

 Death  Loss of household articles
 Sanitation  Loss of Public Infrastructure
 Fatigue, loss of sleep

Figure 1. Diagram of the Study

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 CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A botched raid on May 23 triggered the war in Marawi City. Abu Sayyaf

subleader Isnilon Hapilon, the supposed emir of Islamic State (ISIS) in Southeast Asia,

was spotted inside a safe house in a village called Basak Malutlut. Troops raided the

house to get him, but they were met by heavy volume of gunfire. As Hapilon escaped,

black-clad residents rushed to the streets carrying firearms and waving ISIS black flags as

they attacked strategic points around the city. President Rodrigo Duterte declared

martial law in the entire Mindanao. The military said the raid preempted a bigger plan

by Hapilon and the homegrown Maute Group to attack the city on the first day of

Ramadan, May 26. They wanted to carve their own territory and establish an Islamic

caliphate in the predominantly Muslim city. "Na-hostage kami Bishop (We have been

taken hostage, Bishop)." These were the words of Reverend Father Teresito "Chito"

Soganub early evening on May 23 as he spoke to Marawi Bishop Edwin dela Peña over

the phone.

The captors wanted the bishop to negotiate their escape from Marawi. Thus,

begins a Catholic priest's 117 days of captivity. Marawi City is notorious for loose

firearms. Residents ignored the clashes in Basak Malutlut thinking it's just another rido

or clan war that should end as abruptly as it started. But it didn't stop and on the second

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 day, residents fled the city in droves. Escape wasn't so easy for others who were

trapped inside villages occupied by the terrorists. Abdullah Linogaman and his son

thought they can stay in a relative's house and wait for the war to end. When the

fighting got worse, they left the house to hide in the mountains, where they met other

residents. When days passed, and the fighting showed no signs of ebbing, they gambled

their lives to escape the local terrorists and then braved the fast currents of Agus River

to reach the position of the military. But the nightmare didn't end there. “I told my

Christian friends that I will die first before they kill you," ARMM Vice Governor Norodin

Alonto said. Inside the battle area in the first weeks of the war, Maute fighters often

checked on the house of Lucman to see if they were okay and if they had enough food.

Lucman is a traditional religious leader that the fighters wanted on their side. He

refused offers of food even when they were running out of supply. He didn't want them

to find out he was hiding dozens of Christians inside his home. They waited for the

rescue that wouldn't come. One day he risked it and marched out with the Christians to

safety. Isnilon Hapilon was a veteran terrorist leader based in Basilan. He was

responsible for so many atrocities in the Philippines. Before Marawi, he led a faction of

the Abu Sayyaf Group that is notorious for its kidnap-for-ransom activities in Mindanao.

He was in the most wanted list of the US Federal Bureau of Investigation and had a $5-

million bounty on his head. In Marawi, Hapilon joined the homegrown terrorist group,

the Maute Group, whose highly educated leaders also pledged allegiance to the

international terrorist organization.

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 Like them, Hapilon appeared to have a privileged life before they became

leaders of armed groups that espoused radical ideologies.

The Maute family of Lanao del Sur has a long history of links with international

terrorist groups. The matriarch, Farhana, used her commodity training business in

Surabaya, Indonesia to help Al Qaeda-linked Jemaah Islamiyah move its personnel,

funds, and supplies. The military used the Maute couple to trace and kill a JI operative

here, according to a military officer privy to the operations. The military had since

relaxed on the family. Little did they know that the sons would soon bring into the

country the ideology of a terrorist group even more radical than Al Qaeda: that of ISIS.

The local terrorist groups employed child warriors in Marawi City. They were as young

as 10 years old and were the fiercest among the fighters, according to former Maute

hostage Lordvin Acopio. "Matatapang. Mas pursigido. Mas may gustong patunayan

(They were brave. They were more determined. They were more aggressive to prove

something.)," Acopio said. We met a former Maute child soldier in the early weeks of

the war. He found himself relocating to the town of Butig after the couple Cayamora

and Farhana Maute made an offer to his mother they'd make him study the Koran. He

was indeed taught how to read the Koran. But he was also taught how to kill. Foreign

fighters also came to help. A video recovered from the safe house in Basak Malutlut

shows Malaysia's top militant Mahmud Ahmad planning the attack with Hapilon and the

Maute brothers.

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 He is believed to have channeled at least P30 million ($600,000) to finance the

attack in Marawi. Filipino soldiers are battle-tested by decades of insurgency and

rebellion. But Marawi is different. The urban terrain – a dense city where buildings are

made of hardened concrete – was a challenge to troops used to fighting in the jungles.

The fighting was block by block, house by house, and room by room. On the ground, it

was sniper versus sniper. Philippine Army Chief Lieutenant General Rolando Bautista,

the former ground commander, told Rappler in an interview the troops were not

prepared for the sniping skills of the enemy. The mission was complex. Troops had to

neutralize the terrorists while making sure the hostages remained safe. Captain Rommel

Sandoval made it his vow to make sure not a single man under his watch would die in

Marawi. When he saw Corporal Jayson Mante take bullets while they were clearing one

of the tallest buildings in the battle area, he asked his men to provide cover fire and

rushed to get him. He was pulling his soldier to safety when a bullet hit the side of his

torso. Another hit his neck and a 3rd – the fatal shot – hit his cheek. As more bullets

came flying, Sandoval crawled on top of Corporal Mante to shield him. Sandoval is the

highest-ranking officer killed in the war. Mante survived. The war displaced about

400,000 people in Marawi City and nearby towns, according to the provincial

government. Most stayed with relatives in nearby towns and cities. Others lived in

evacuation centers. In the biggest evacuation center in nearby town Saguiran, families

sleep on mats that grow cold at night against the cement floor of the multi-purpose hall.

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 It was here that 18-year-old Ina Daroh delivered her second child. She was afraid

her children would get sick – the same concern that always worries Jasmin Ali, a mother

to 5 children. Martial law remains in full force in Marawi. Beyond checkpoints and

curfews, soldiers have the last say on where people could go, what they can do, and

when they're allowed to do it. The military said it is important that movements inside

the city are strictly monitored to secure the safety of civilians, prevent entry of men who

could reinforce terrorists, and stop fighters from escaping the battle area. The local

officials said they understand this. But there were times when protocols delayed

government services. Troops also suspected Marawi residents of helping the Maute

fighters. "It also hurts us to hear that they suspect us of treating the enemies,” said a

provincial health official in a mix of English and Filipino. The residents also accused the

soldiers of looting their houses. The military blamed the local terrorists. Inside the battle

area, hostages suffered in the hands of their captors. They moved from one building to

another to evade advancing troops and air strikes. They threatened to kill them if they

attempted to escape. They forced them to convert to Islam. And they made a mother

watch her 15-year-old daughter being raped inside the battle area. The child got

pregnant but suffered a miscarriage. One family witnessed a Maute child soldier slice

through a man's neck to behead him. "It took almost 5 minutes to cut through. I

screamed inside my head, holding back my tears as they commanded us to shout, Allahu

Wakbar (In the name of God)," said Ronnel Samiahan, recalling the beheading of a

fellow hostage that they were forced to watch.

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 Out of all the hostages, Dansalan College teacher Lordvin Acopio seemed to have

gained the trust of the terrorists. He came face to face with Isnilon Hapilon and Omar

Maute, one time spending a moment to pray with them at the former enemy

stronghold, Safrullah Hospital. They trusted him to tend to the wounded Maute fighters.

When Omar Maute caught him crying once, he told Acopio in Filipino: “Acopio, do your

job like you're doing humanitarian work. They are fellow humans. Don't do this because

they are your captors.” Acopio said they didn't expect him to be the one to escape, of all

people. He and Father Chito, while learning to live with their captors, had long planned

their escape. In early September, the then ground commander, Philippine Army Chief

Lieutenant General Rolando Joselito Bautista, declared the final push to end the war in

Marawi City. They believed troops had penetrated the final defensive positions of the

local armed groups, where they concentrated their firepower to prevent any assault

force from advancing. As troops closed in, a new problem emerged. There were too

many improvised explosive devices (IEDs) that made the terrain even more complex.

Troops had to move fast to evade enemy snipers, but they couldn't move too fast

because they risked tripping on handmade bombs. The death toll rose. Rappler was

among the first media organizations to enter the main battle area. It was early morning

of October 16. Troops dragged the bodies of enemies they killed during the night to

properly account for their deaths and to give them proper burials. Lo and behold, one of

them was Isnilon Hapilon himself and the other was Omar Maute.

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 The bodies were brought to the headquarters of Task Force Trident inside the

battle area, which reported the deaths to their commanders. The generals immediately

flew into Marawi to see the remains. The following day, President Rodrigo Duterte

declared the "liberation" of Marawi City from "terrorist influence" even as the fighting

with supposed stragglers continued. Five months since the war erupted, over a

thousand people were killed, including 165 government forces, over 900 terrrorists, and

47 civilians, based on the latest military report. Bodies retrieved in advanced stages of

decomposition were laid to rest in mass burials. It would take another week for the

military to deal with the remaining Maute fighters in the battle area. The final assault

happened in a mosque near Lake Lanao, where the enemy made a final stand. On

October 23, 2017 – exactly 5 months since the war erupted – Defense Secterary Delfin

Lorenzana declared the battle in Marawi is over. When his vehicle moved deeper into

the batttle areain his neighborhood of Barangay Dansalan, Marawi City. Mayor Majul

Gandamra imagined the faces of his neighbors as he passed by their houses one by one.

How would they react when they see the destruction? The fighting left a big part of

Marawi in ruins. When the military finally allows residents to return to the main battle

area, many of them will find out they no longer have homes to go back to. The

government said it would allocate P50 billion to rehabilitate Marawi. The military said

they will prioritize the mosques, roads, hospitals, and other public infrastructure. The

mayor said private house owners need assistance, too.

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 When he came face to face with the destruction of his ancestral home, crisis

spokesperson Zia Alonto Adiong found himself on his knees as military officers who

brought him inside the battle area watched. "I did not imagine the extent of the

damage. I saw photos and thought we could still restore it. It's a different feeling just

seeing the photos. When you actually see the destruction, you can begin to imagine

how it was destroyed. You imagine where the bullets hit and where they came from,"

Adiong said.

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APPENDICES

Table 1. Budgetary Requirement

DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT PRICE

TOTAL
Bond Paper 60 1 Php
120 Php
Book Bind 1 75
75 Php
Print 60 2 Php
120 Php
Fare 4 6 Php
24 Php
Computer Shop 2 (hours)
100 Php
429 Php
References

CARMELA FONBUENA, Published 4:23 PM, October 23, 2017

JOSEPH HINCKS / Marawi City October 2017

Alexandra Barker and Tamar Dinisman

 TASK MARCH APRIL

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Chapter I

Introduction

Statement of

the Problem

Significance of the

Study

Conceptual

Framework

Definition of Terms

Scope and

Limitation

Reference

Chapter II

Review of Related

Literature