2. Problem No.

2
The following pressure buildup data were Solution
obtained from an oil well located at the center of a
constant pressure square reservoir. 1. Conventional Techniques

Before shut-in the well had produced 9075 STB Horner Method
at a stabilized rate of 220 STB/D.
Using data given on Table 2.1, Pws vs. Horner time
I. Horner Method – Find: ratio is plotted in semi log (Fig. 2.1).
1. The formation permeability and
transmissibility. Horner Semilog Plot

2. The skin factor and wellbore storage 3400

P*
coefficient. 3300

3. Find flow efficiency, damage ratio and 3200

damage factor P1hr=3105

3100

4. The afterflow duration from pressure 3000

Pws (psia)
buildup data. 2900

2800

Known reservoir and pressure data are: 2700

2600

2500
h = 32ft; ø = 10 %; µ = 0.85 cp; rw = 3 in
Bo = 1.29 bbl/STB; ct = 12*10-6psi-1 10,000 1,000 100 10 1
2400

Pwf(∆t=0)=2450 psig starting

time
Horner Time Ratio

Table 2.1 Figure 2.1. Horner Plot

∆t, hours Pws, psig
0.00 2450
0.10 2565 From figure 2.1
0.15 2620
0.20 2750 m  65 psia / cycle
0.25 2800
0.40 2840 Permeability is computed from
0.80 2880 q
k  162.6 (2.1)
1.00 2930 mh
1.50 3000
2.00 3050 220 *1.29 * 0.85
3.00 3100 k  162.6 *  18.8md
65 * 32
4.00 3130
5.00 3145 Transmissibility is estimated from
6.50 3152 k *h
8.00 3160 T (2.2)
10.00 3165 
20.00 3185 18.8 * 32
T  707md * pie / cp
30.00 3196 0.85
40.00 3205
50.00 3213 tp must be estimated from data
60.00 3220 tp=9075*24/220=990 hours, then Horner ratio for
70.00 3222.5 tp1hr=991 and p1hr from figure 2.1 is 3,105 psia.
80.00 3224
90.00 3225.2 Skin factor is computed from
100.00 3226
110.00 3226.5
 2

 p1hr  p wf  k   DF  1  0.65  0.35  35%

s  1.1513  log   3.23 (2.3)
2 
 m   ct rw   These values show that the area next to the
wellbore is damaged S> 0, FE < 1, DR> 1, and DF
 3,105  2,464  18.8   > 0.
s  1.1513  log   3.23
 65  0.1 * .85 * 12 * 10 6
* 0.25 2 

 
s  5.3 The afterflow duration is calculated looking for the
starting time in Horner Plot. The Horner time ratio
Wellbore Storage coefficient is is 200, t p =990 then the time is:

tp  t
 t * K * h   200
C    (2.4) t
 170,000 *  * e
0.14s


∆t is the starting time. In Horner plot figure 2.1 the t  4.52 hours
Horner time ratio for TSSL is 200 then ∆t =4.97
hours and C is: Miller-Dyes-Hutchinson method MDH

 4.97 *18.8 * 32  MDH method indicates that a plot of pws vs ∆t

C     0.0098bbl / psia
0.14*5.3  should be a straight line with slope m. Permeability
 170,000 * 0.85 * e  can be estimated from:

162.6 * q * B * 
Flow efficiency, damage radio and damage factor k (2.9)
are estimated from: m*h

From figure 2.2

p s
FE  1  (2.5)
p *  p wf (t  0) Miller Dyes Hutchinson (MDH)

From figure 2.1 p*=3320 psia, pwf=2,464.7 psia 3400

and ∆ps is estimated from: 3200

m=64

ps  0.87 * m * s
3000

(2.6)
2800
Pws (psi)

ps  0.87 * 65 * 5.3  300.045 2600

2400

Now it is possible to calculate FE 2200

300.045 2000

FE  1   0.65  65%
0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
End
Shut in time Hours strarting

3,320  2,464.7
time=60
time=8

Figure 2.2 MDH plot

1 m  64 psia / cycle
DR  (2.7)
FE

1
DR   1.54  154% k  162.6 *
220 *1.29 * 0.85
 19.1md
0.65 64 * 32

DF  1  FE (2.8)
 3

The skin factor can be estimated from

 p1hr  p wf  k  
s  1.1513  log   3.23
2 
 m   ct rw  
(2.10)

 3,105  2,464  19.1  

s  1.1513  log   3.23
 64  0.1 * .85 *12 *10 * 0.25 
 6 2

 

s  5.47

Of the semilog straight line (Figure 2.2) the starting

time and end time are respectively: 8 and 60 hours.

Table . Comparative analysis

Method K s
md
Horner 18.8 5.3
MDH 19.1 5.47

The results are very similar. Horner and MDH

methods are more reliable and the values are very
close.