Knowledge Based Questions and Answers [17] Q.72: Ans: Q.73: Ans: Q74H Q.75: Q.76: Ans: What was the Wavell plan? Lord Wavell flew to London in 1945 to consult with the British government its future policy in India. Wavell proposed that an Executive council should be set up to govern the country under the present constitution until a new constitution could be agreed on. The Executive council would contain equal numbers of Muslims and Hindus and be entirely Indian, apart from the Viceroy and a member controlling defence, To discuss the proposals Wavell called a conference in Simla in June 1945. ‘Who was Lord Wavell? Lord Wavell was the Viceroy of the subcontinent in 1944, He released Gandhi from prison on medical grounds in May 1944 Lord Wavell proposed the Wavell plan which included setting up an Executive Council, To discuss the proposal, a conference was called in Simla in 1945. The Wavell plan failed because the Hindus and Muslims could not agree on who was to be on the council. Lord Wavell closed the conference in July 1945, What were the results of 1945-46 élections? The League won all 30 Muslim seats in the Central Legislative Assembly and 446 of the 495 Muslim seats in the provincial elections. It took control in Bengal and Sindh and was the largest party in Punjab. Congress won 91% of the non-Muslim vote and took control in the other eight states. The Congress took 19 Muslim seats to the leagues 17 seats in NWFP. The results showed that the Muslim community was supporting the League and the rest of the country was supporting Congress. What was ihe Cabinet Mission Plan? A three man delegation which included the Secretary of States for India / Sir Stafford Cripps and the first Lord of the Admiralty was sent to India in 1946. This was the final British effort to settle the differences within India. The ‘Cabinet Mission’ arrived in New Dethi and met representatives of the Muslim League, Congress, the Sikh and the Hindu Mahasabha. It proposed that an int government should be set up tw rule India whilst the British withdrawal was organized. The different parties did not agree with each other and the Cabinet Plan dropped. It gave an idea for three groups under British Executive Council but it was not accepted. ‘What was the Direct Action Day? In July 1946, the Muslim League passed a resolution declaring that it should prepare for the final struggle against both the British and[18] Q.77: Ans: Q.78: Ans: Q.79: Ans: Q.80: Ans: History, Culture and Government of Pakiston Congress. On 16th August the League called for a ‘Direct Action Day to show the strength of the Muslim feelings. The Muslims feared that if the British left without sorting the differences then the Muslims would suffer at the hands of the Hindu majority. In many places they demonstrated peacefully but in Calcutta the demonstration turned to violence in which many people died in the ‘Great Calcutta Killing’. What was the August offer? By April 1940 France was defeated in World War II and England was fighting against the axis powers. In August, Viceroy Lord Linlithgow made an offer on behalf of the British government known as August offer to present solution for Indians, Lord Linlithgow gave it in August 1940. It included expansion of Executive Council of Governor General and representatives of political parties. After the war the Indian Constitution would be made by consent of Indians. What was the 3rd June Plan? In February 1947 British Prime Minister, Attlee announced that the British would leave India no later than June 1948, A new Viceroy, Mountbatten was sent to India to work out a plan for the transfer of power, On 3" June 1947 the plan was announced. Two states, India and Pakistan were to be set up with Dominion status of each state. The interim government for both was the 1935 Government of India ‘Act. Muslim majority provinces would vote 10 stay im either India or join Pakistan. What was the Radcliffe Award? Mountbatten appointed Sir Cyril Radcliffe to bead 2 Boundary Commission to establish the borders between India and Pakistan. He was assisted by two members of the League and two of ‘Congress. The decision of the Radcliffe Award was announced on 16th August 1947. Muslims were disappoimed by its decision because Calcutta, Ferozepur and Gurdaspur, ail Muslim majority areas were given to India. Referendum was to be held in all the states so they could choose whether to join India or Pakistan. Who was Sir Cyril Radcliffe? Sir Cyril Radcliffe was the bead of the Bowmdary Commission which was set to establish the borders berwees Indie and Pakistan. He announced the Radcliffe Award on 16t Angest. The Muslims were unhappy with his decisions because Ge gare Calcuna, Ferozepur and Gurdaspur to India ewes though hey were allknowledge Based Questions and Answers [19] Q.8h: Q.83: Ans: Q.84: Ans: Q.88: Ans: Q.86: ‘Ans: Muslim majority areas. Radcliffe had originally awarded Ferozepur to Pakistan but had been forced to change his mind by Mountbatten. What was the Independence Act? On 15th July 1947 the Indian Independence Act was passed by Lord Mountbatten that from 15th August British India would be Partitioned into two dominion states; India and Pakistan. A new country thus came into being, Pakistan. What was the Refugee Issue? After partition there was widespread violence between the Muslims and Non Muslims. Things became worse when the Boundary Award was announced in August 1947. Muslims started migrating from India to Pakistan and Non Muslims moved from Pakistan to India. ‘There were thousands of deaths during the journey. It was due to unjust decisions of Radcliffe. What was the Canal Water Dispute? After partition the head works of Ferozepur and Madhopur which controlled the rivers in Pakistan were left in India. India claimed that it had complete rights over the head works. So it stopped the water flow in 1948. Without control on these rivers, the prosperity of the Indus Plain could become endangered. The problem was solved by thé UN in 1960. What was the National flag of Pakistan? The flag of Pakistan is green and white with a crescent and a five rayed star. The dark green and white colors indicate prosperity and peace, The crescent indicates continuous progress. The five rayed star symbolizes light and learning, Green is also the traditional color of Islam. Who was Liagat Ali Khan? He was the member of the Muslim League. He was the first Prime Minister of Pakistan, He worked tirelessly for the country and was 4 popular leader. He worked hard to establish a constitution for Pakistan. He was shot dead by an assassin on 16 October 1951, whilst addressing a public meeting in Rawalpindi. The government gave him the title of Shaheed-e-Millat. Who was Jinnah? Jinnah worked hard for the establishment of Pakistan. He was the founder of Pakistan. He became the first Governor General of