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GEAS Samples PDF
GEAS Samples PDF
GEAS Samples PDF
• Newton’s first law (Law of Inertia): An object • Kinetic energy refers to the energy an object • Kepler’s second law: A planet moves faster
at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion possesses by virtue of its motion and equals when it is closer to the sun than when it is
stays in motion. No net force means no 1 further away.
2
change in velocity. mv .
2
• Kepler’s third law: The ratio T2/a3 is the
• Newton’s second law (Law of Acceleration): same for all the planets, where T is the time
• Potential energy is the energy an object has
Acceleration (a) is directly proportional to it takes the planet to make one orbit (the
the net applied force (Fnet) and inversely by virtue of its position. Work done on an period) and a is the length of the semimajor
proportional to the object s mass (m): Fnet = object to put it in a given position is stored in axis of a planet s orbit.
ma. Excel Review Center the object that can be retrieved. PE = mgh
• When a spring is stretched or compressed
• Newton’s third law (Law of Reaction): For • The work energy theorem states that the horizontally, a force is created as the spring
every action (or force) there is an equal and total work done on an object is equal to the tries to return to its equilibrium position. The
opposite reaction (force). The forces are object’s change in kinetic energy. force it exerts in response is given by
equal in magnitude, opposite in direction, Hooke’s law: Fs = kx.
and act on different bodies W = ±ΔKE = ±ΔPE
1 2
• The weight W = mg of an object is the • Conservation of mechanical energy is the Fs = kx PEelastic = kx
2
gravitational pull exerted on it by the planet sum of an object’s kinetic and potential
on which the object exists. Mass, energies. Nonconservative forces, such as
• During oscillation, the force on the block
conversely, does not change with location; it friction, are disregarded, so the initial
when it is at equilibrium is zero, while the
is a measure of an object’s inertia. mechanical energy is equal to the final
speed is at a maximum.
mechanical energy.
• The normal force is the component of the • At amplitude, when displacement from
contact force that s perpendicular to the PE1 + KE1 = PE2 + KE2 + loss equilibrium is largest, the force and
surface when an object is in contact with the magnitude of acceleration are both at their
surface. • Power is the measure of work over time P = maximum
ymax =
(v o
sinθ ) 2
R=
v o 2 sin2θ
T=
2v o sinθ
2g g g Δv v2 PE 1 q1
aT = rα = ac = aN = = ω 2r • Electric Potential: V = =
t r q2 4πεo r
• In uniform circular motion, velocity is
directed tangent to the circle and Note that the potential is scalar, depending
acceleration is directed toward the center. atotal = aN2 + aT 2 on r
ΔTK = ΔT°C ΔTR = ΔT°F Isothermal – constant temperature • “You cannot create a heat pump or a
refrigerator that does not require input work”
5 5 ΔT = 0 ΔEint = 0 ±Q = ∓W – Clausius Statement
ΔT = ΔT ΔT = ΔT
°C 9 °F K 9 R
• The change of internal energy is zero for a
V2 closed path on a PV diagram.
• For thermal expansion: PV = constant W = nRTln
V1
1 kg = 2.205 lbm
ΔL = αLΔT ΔV = βVΔT β = 3α
Adiabatic – no heat transfer 1 lbm = 0.4536 kg