Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Science Form 2
Science Form 2
Science Form 2
Lie very close to the skin surface to detect even a light pain
Lip deep within the skin and can detect forceful pressure
against the skin
Structure of Nose:
Upper part of nasal cavity: has many sensory cells
Maximum exposure to the air that enters the nasal
cavity
4. Sense of taste
5. Sense of Hearing
Eustachian tube: Balance the pressure on both sides of the eardrum
Semicircular canals: Help the body to maintain its balance
a. Build up of earwax in the auditory canal (Block sound waves)- Temporary hearing loss
b. Punctured eardrum
c. Cochlea damaged by local infections (Toxins produces- diphtheria/ scarlet fever)
d. Sensory cells in cochlea- damaged by exposure to loud sound
e. The ossicles in the middle ear fused together (Cannot move freely)- Total hearing loss
Correcting hearing transplant
a. Warm water- Remove earwax blocking the canal
b. Eardrum transplant/ Surgery (Replace using membrane from other parts of the body)
c. Hearing aid: The microphone with change the sound waves received into electric signals.
Then, the amplifier strengthens the electric signals and changes them into sound energy
Bright:
Pupil: Smaller (To prevent light enters)
Dark:
Pupil: larger (To enable more light)
Distanced Object:
Ciliary muscles contract
Short-sightedness Suspensory ligaments relax
Eye lens too thick Near Object:
Eyeball to long Ciliary muscles relax
Long sightedness Suspensory ligaments contract
Eye lens too thin
Eyeball to short
Algae
Algae are eukaryotic organisms that have no roots, stems, or leaves but do have chlorophyll
and other pigments for carrying out photosynthesis. Algae can be multicellular or unicellular.
Unicellular algae occur most frequently in water, especially in plankton.
Reproduction in algae occurs in both asexual and sexual forms. Asexual reproduction occurs
through the fragmentation of colonial and filamentous algae or by spore formation (as in fungi).
Spore formation takes place by mitosis. Binary fission also takes place (as in bacteria).
During sexual reproduction, algae form differentiated sex cells that fuse to produce a
diploid zygote with two sets of chromosomes. The zygote develops into a sexual spore, which
germinates when conditions are favorable to reproduce and reform the haploid organism having
a single set of chromosomes. This pattern of reproduction is called alternation of generations.
Conifers
The Conifers are cone-bearing seed plants with vascular tissue. Most are trees; some are shrubs.
All living conifers are woody plants, the great majority being trees.
Living conifers are all in the order Pinales. Typical examples include cedars, cypresses, firs,
junipers, kauris, larches, pines, redwoods, spruces, and yews.
Conifers are of great economic value, and their wood is mainly used for timber and paper
making The wood of conifers is known as softwood, though yew wood is actually quite hard. The
division Coniferae contains about 700 living species.
Mosses
Ferns
10. a. Habitat: A place where an organism lives, provides food, shelter from enemies, protection
from bad weather and opportunity for breeding
b. Species: Group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging
genes or interbreeding.
c. Population: A group of the same species
d. Community: The different population of organisms
e. Ecosystem: Ecosystem consists of several communities that interact with one another and
their non-living environment.
11. a. Competition
a.i. Intra-specific competition
a.ii. Inter-specific competition
b. Prey-predator
b. i. Prey:
b. ii. Predator
c. Symbiosis
c. i. Commensalism
c. ii. Mutualism
c iii. Parasitism