Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

INTRODUCTION

The project aims on the design, development and fabrication of demonstration unit of the
project ”DESIGN AND OPRATION OF AGRICLUTURE BASED PESTICIDE
SPREYING AND SEEDING ROBO”.

More than 42% of the total population in the world has chosen agriculture as their
primary occupation. In recent years the development of autonomous vehicles in agriculture has
experienced increased interest. This development has led many researches start developing more
rational and adaptable vehicles. In the field of agriculture autonomous vehicles, a concept in
being developed to investigate if multiple small vehicles, machines would be more efficient than
traditional large tractors and human force.

These vehicles should be capable of working 24 hours a day all year round, in most
weather conditions. More over such a system may have less environmental impact if it can
reduce over application of chemicals and high usage of energy such as diesel and fertilizer, by
controls that are better match to stochastic requirements.

In agriculture farm, green house, farmers have to suffer many problems while farming
like hazards human health insects eat their crops, breathing problem, insects are cause of many
agriculture problems as they eat and damage the leaves and crops of farm.

There are ways to kill the insects without chemicals. The robot could submerge then in
container with water or into one closed up to produce extreme heat in the sun .Microbial fuel
cells could be used to reduce the insects to electrical power with bacteria pesticide kills
everything .Robot could be programmed particular pests and not harmed anything else.

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 Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

OBJECTIVE

 The objective is to build a base framework for agriculture that can be centrally controller
using Arduino and smart phone.
 The Robot can basically complete the work of automatic control and meet spraying and
seeding requirements in the farm.
 The system has the advantage of high speed, high quality and processing precision.

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 Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

LITERATURE SURVEY

 Design and operation of Agriculture based Pesticide Spraying Robot

o In order to protect laborer and reduce labor intensity, we develop a prototype of
pesticide spraying robot specially used in the greenhouse. Robot is controlled with
a 89C52 microcontroller. Designing of the latest inverted ROBOT which can be
controlling using an APP for android mobile. We are developing the remote
buttons in the android app by which we can control the robot motion with them
and in which we use Bluetooth communication to interface controller and android.
Controller can be interfaced to the Bluetooth model through UART protocol.
According to commands received from android the robot motion can be
controlled. The consistent output of a robotic system along with quality and
repeatability are unmatched Although the productivity of thee prototype is not
quite efficient, the robot still meets the requirements of pesticide spraying in the
greenhouse without human operators.
 Autonomous Pesticide Spraying Robot for use in a Greenhouse:-
o This paper presents an engineering solution to the current human health hazards
involved in spraying potentially toxic chemicals in the confined space of hot and
steamy greenhouse. This is achieved by the design and construction of an
autonomous mobile Robot for using paste control and disease prevention
applications in commercial greenhouse. The effectiveness of this platform is
shown by the platforms ability to successfully navigate itself down rows of a
greenhouse.

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 Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

METHODOLOGY

 Selection of topic:
In this primary stage we have gone through many topics on that we can work.
Finally we have selected this topic because it is a sponsored project, so by doing this we
can solve industry problem. At the same time we can increasing the efficiency and
accuracy of their system.
 Selection of Components:
After selection of topic we select the required components for hardware.
 Building Block diagram:
After finalising of our project component we started working on block diagram.
After working on this we have made the selection of block diagram.
 Software design:
We write the program on embedded C for controller.
 Design and interfacing :
In this we make the PCB design and done with interfacing of motor with motor
driver circuit.
 Mechanical Design:
Here we drive the motor in clockwise and anticlockwise direction.
 Preparation of Spray and Seeding system:
we will prepare mixture tank and chemical tank and seed vessel.
 System implementation:
After completion of programming and simulation we will start system
implementation. We will divide the work of implementation in stages. The system
implementation follows the block diagram.
 Testing of system:
After the successful implementation of system we will have test on it and then
after we will give the demo

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 Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

Block Diagram

Wireless Android
camera App

Bluetooth
Module
Battery
supply
M1
Arduino Motor
M2
Reset Driver 1
Circuit M3

M4
Crystal
Oscillator Motor Driver

Relay Circuit
Motor
for
seeding
Spray DC Pump

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 Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

COMPONENT

 Bluetooth module
 Power Supply
 Arduino
 L293D
 DC Motor
 Relay Driver Circuit
 DC Pump

1. BLUETOOTH MODULE

HC-05 is a Bluetooth module which is designed for wireless communication. This

module can be used in a master or slave configuration.

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 Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

 BLUETOOTHHC-05 has red LED which indicates connection status, whether the Bluetooth
is connected or not. Before connecting to HC-05 module this red LED blinks continuously in
a periodic manner. When it gets connected to any other Bluetooth device, its blinking slows
down to two seconds.
 This module works on 3.3 V. We can connect 5V supply voltage as well since the module
has on board 5 to 3.3 V regulator.
 As HC-05 Bluetooth module has 3.3 V level for RX/TX and microcontroller can detect 3.3 V
level, so, no need to shift transmit level of HC-05 module. But we need to shift the transmit
voltage level from microcontroller to RX of HC-05 module.

2. POWER SUPPLY

In most of our electronic product or project we need a power supply for converting mains
AC voltages to a regulated DC voltage. For making a power supply designing of each and every
component is essential. Here I’m going to discuss the designing of regulated 5V Power Supply.

As we require a 5V we need LM7805 Voltage Regulator IC.

7805 IC Rating:

 Input voltage range 7V-35V

 Current rating I-1A
 Output voltage range Vmax=5.2v Vmax=4.8v

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 Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

The 7805 is a three terminal positive voltage regulator IC which gives regulated 5V
D.C.output. The maximum input voltage that can be applied to input pin is the 35V. The
minimum difference between input and output voltage required is the 2V. The pin no. 1 is the
input pin where the unregulated input voltage is applied. Pin no. 2 is connected to the ground,
whereas pin no. 3 is the output pin at which the regulated 5V output can be obtained. For proper
operation a common ground is required between input and output voltages.

3. Arduino

Arduino is an Open-source-electronic-prototyping-base for simple used hardware and

softwarein the field of micro controlling. It is suitable to realize fascinating projects in a short
time.
Many of them can be found on YouTube under Arduino. It is mostly used by artists,
designer ortinkers to realize creative ideas. But Arduino is also increasingly used by universities
and schools to teach an interesting andsimple beginning to the world of micro controlling.
The term Arduino its mostly used for both components. The hardware (Arduino
Boards)and the corresponding software (Arduino).

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 Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

4. MOTOR DRIVER L293D:-

 Specification of Motor Driver L293D:-

 16 PIN IC

 Two DC motor with single L293D IC

 High-Noise-Immunity Inputs

 Separate Input-Logic Supply

 Output Current 1 A Per Channel (600 mA for L293D)

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 Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to drive on
either direction. L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously
in any direction. It means that you can control two DC motor with a single L293D IC.

L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). Motor drivers act as current
amplifiers since they take a low-current control signal and provide a higher-current signal. This
higher current signal is used to drive the motors.

L293D contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver circuits. In its common mode of operation,
two DC motors can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse direction. The motor
operations of two motors can be controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15. Input logic
00 or 11 will stop the corresponding motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in clockwise and
anticlockwise directions, respectively.

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 Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

Enable pins 1 and 9 (corresponding to the two motors) must be high for motors to start
operating. When an enable input is high, the associated driver gets enabled. As a result, the
outputs become active and work in phase with their inputs. Similarly, when the enable input is
low, that driver is disabled, and their outputs are off and in the high-impedance state.

5. DC MOTOR

Brushless DC motors utilise the same electromagnetic phenomenon as brushed motors in

order to producemechanical rotation - the force which is exerted on a current carrying conductor
placed in a magnetic field. Abrushless motor is mechanically simpler than a brushed motor .

6. RELAY DRIVER CIRCUIT

Here to turn on the Relay with Arduino we just need to make that Arduino Pin High (A0
in our case) where Relay module is connected. Below given is Relay Driver Circuit to build your
own Relay module:

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 Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

7. DC Pump

The working principle of a water pump depends on the type of motor – Electric,
Centrifugal, Diesel Driven, etc. The main principal behind the working of every water pressure

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 Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

booster pump for home is the conversion of energy into mechanical energy and using it for
providing the required pressure for pumping the water.

Pumps basically use the forces of nature in order to move the liquid. With the beginning
of movement in the pump parts such as an impeller or piston diaphragm, air is pushed out of the
way. A partial low pressure is created, which can be filled up by water.

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 Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

Circuit Diagram

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 Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

FUTURE SCOPE

 It provides safety to the farmers from harmful pesticides.

 The future scope of this types of Robots are very bright because it is very useful in
agriculture and reduce the workload.
 It reduce the time consumed in spraying the pesticides liquid and works very effectively.
 It will help the farmers to do work in any season and conditions.
 The system can further modified for picking fruits, and actual cutting process by the
system.

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 Design and operation of agriculture based pesticide spraying and seeding robot 2018

References

 [1]Sammons P J, Furukawa T, Bulgin A.”Autonomous Pesticide Spraying Robot for Use

in A Greenhouse [A]”,Australian Conference on Robotics and Australian Conference on
Robotics and Automation, Sydney
Mu Nan, Zhang Australian 2008.
 [2]Zhang Ying, Xueqin.”The Development Status and Trends of Facility Agriculture
Overseas[J]”.
 [3]” Bluetooth based android phone/tablet controlled robot”, Available:
http://www.robokits.co.inand http://www.robokitsworld.com.
 [4]R. Eaten ,J. Katupitiya, K.W.Siew,B.Howarth ,Autonomous farming: Modeling and
control of agricultural machinery in a unified framework”,In Proc.15th Int. Conf.
Mechatronics and Machine Vision Practice ,Aukland, New Zealand, Dec.

 [4] R. Eaton, J. Katupitiya, K. W. Siew, B. Howarth, Autonomous

farming: Modeling and control of agricultural machinery in
a unified framework", In Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Mechatronics
and Machine Vision Practice, Auckland, New Zealand, Dec.

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