CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

IV.1. Conclusion
 The value of friction factor tend to decrease when Reynold number tend to
increased. Below is a table of friction factor for straight pipe 8 ID , 11 ID , 17
ID and 15 ID rough.
Q(L/s) 8 ID 11 ID 17 ID 15 ID rough
0.04 0.009568 0.009127 0.026823 0.037203

0.08 0.007043 0.007606 0.013411 0.023252

0.1 0.010547 0.013630 0.021458 0.050596

0.1639 0.005224 0.006524 0.009586 0.024374

0.204 0.005477 0.007018 0.009281 0.029322

0.2444 0.003902 0.005216 0.006466 0.021425

0.3125 0.004964 0.004985 0.005713 0.022553

 The value of equivalent length (Le / D) obtained from the experimental results
tends to change, but its value tends to decrease when Reynold number
increased. Thus the Le / D value for each fitting and valve obtained from the
experimental results:

Le/D Le/D
Tipe Fitting
average literature
Mitre 90o 63.5716 60
Long Bend 90o 117.374 35
Mitre 45o 46.1969 17
Short Bend 90o 146.707 35
 Le/ D Le/D
Tipe Tee
Average literatur
Tee 45o to pipe 17 ID 0.00085 50

Tee 90o to short bend 0.00062 50

Le/ D Le/D
Tipe Valve
rata-rata literatur
Ball Valve 15 ID 13.44514854 3500
Ball Valve 17 ID 55.1389623 3500
Gate Valve 12.61696183 9
Globe Valve 40.27089006 300

 Discharge coefficient is a discharge correction factor in flow meters such as

pitot tube, venturimeter, and specificity between theoretical and actual
conditions. The table below shows the value of Discharge coefficient obtained
from the experimental results:
Type Theory Calculation
Pitot (Cp) 0.98-1 0.80987
Venturimeter
0.98-0.99 0.25885
(Cv)
Orificemeter
0.61 1.05759
(Co)

IV.2. Suggestion
 The censor of head loss should be fixed, because our recorded data of head
loss is unstable.