Exercise Safety and First Aid

Safety Practices in
Sports and Exercise
 Are injuries part of
sports and exercise?
 INJURY
This are damaged tissue or organs
which occur when it encounters trauma
or physical force that is greater than
what it can absorb.
Factors in that influence the ability to
absorb/release force
1. Inherent 4. Fitness level
abnormality 5. Equipment
2. Age 6. Environmental
3. Technique aspect
 Direction of Forces
Applied to
Musculoskeletal Structure
 Direction of Forces Applied to
Musculoskeletal Structure
1. Compressive
2. Tensile
3. Shear
 Two classification of Injury:

Acute injury
have signs and symptoms (e.g., Pain,
Swelling) that manifest immediately
after force application.
 Two classification of Injury:

Chronic injury
Chronic or overuse injuries occurs after
a long period of exposure to the force.
 Three types of Overuse Injury
according to severity:

Stage 1
(Minimal Tear)
Complain of pain only after the
activity, game, or training session.
 Three types of Overuse Injury
according to severity:
Stage 2
(Partial Tear)
Complain of pain during and after the
activity, game, or training session but
do not feel it during rest.
 Three types of Overuse Injury
according to severity:
Stage 3
(Complete Tear)
Individual feels pain whether at rest or
play.
Factors increase
the risk of Injury
Factors increase the risk of Injury

Non-modifiable
Based on Age and Gender
Factors increase the risk of Injury

Modifiable
Tournament rules and Apparel
 Factors increase the risk of Injury

1. Muscle Imbalance 4. Overuse

2. Inadequate warm-up 5. Age
3. Postural Defects 6. Poor Techniques
Factors increase the risk of Injury

Equipment
Other Players
Technique
Coaching or Instruction
Environmental Condition
 Common
Sports Injury
 Common Sports Injury

Are overstretched ligaments. Common

sprains are located at the lower limbs
such as the ankle and knee because
they are subjected to stress daily.
 Common Sprain Ligament

(Anterior Cruciate Ligament)

is a connective tissue that helps
stabilize the knee every time the
muscles contract.
 Common Sports Injury

Is a twist, pull, or tear muscle tendon. It

is also an acute, non-contact injury that
result from overstretching or over
contraction.
 Common Sports Injury

is a break, usually in a bone. Which

commonly located at the upper limbs
such as the hand and forearm.
 Common Sports Injury

Occurs when there is an abnormal separation

in the joint, where two or more bones meet.
The most common dislocations are located at
the upper limbs such as shoulder and elbow
 Common Sports Injury

Are life threatening injuries because

they disrupt the normal function on the
brain.
 Common
Chronic Injury
 Common Chronic Injury

Occur among runners who train for

long periods without adequate rest
period.
 Common Chronic Injury

Tendinopathy/Tendinitis
The most common overuse injury in
sports involves the muscle-tendon unit
called tendinopathy or tendinitis
 Common Chronic Injury

Is the wear and tear of a joint that results to

its deterioration. The friction deteriorates
the cartilage that protects the bones from
rubbing against each other.
 Common Chronic Injury

This injury is common in swimmers and

runners. The inflammation of the bursa
interrupts the surrounding structure,
causing pain during movement.
Are due to excessive dehydration and high
body temperature commonly attributed to
training in a poor weather condition.