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SFD BMD PDF
SFD BMD PDF
SKAA SKAA
2223 3353
SHEAR FORCE & BENDING MOMENT
• Introduction
- Types of beams
- Effects of loading on beams
- The force that cause shearing is known as shear
force
- The force that results in bending is known as
bending moment
- Draw the shear force and bending moment
diagrams
SHEAR FORCE & BENDING MOMENT
• Members with support loadings applied
perpendicular to their longitudinal axis are called
beams.
• Beams classified according to the way they are
supported.
TYPES OF SUPPORT
Mo = Force x distance
BEAM’S REACTION
• If a support prevents translation of a body in a
particular direction, then the support exerts a force
on the body in that direction.
20 kN 40 kN
A B
2m 3m 4m
EXAMPLE 1 – Solution
Draw the free body diagram:
20 kN 40 kN
RAx A B
2m 3m 4m
RAy RBy
15 kN/m 20 kN
A B
4m 3m 2m
EXAMPLE 2 – Solution
Draw the free body diagram:
15 kN/m 20 kN
RAx A
B
4m 3m 2m
RAy RBy
40 kN 12 kN/m
2 5 kN/m
1.5
50 kNm
A B
2m 6m 2m
EXAMPLE 3
A cantilever beam is loaded as shown. Determine all
reactions at support A.
20 kN
5 kN/m
3 15 kNm
4
A
2m 2m 1m
EXAMPLE 3 – Solution
Draw the free body diagram:
MA 20 kN
5 kN/m
3 15 kNm
RAx 4
A ΣFx = 0
RAy
2m 2m 1m
– RAx + 20 (4/5) = 0
– RAx = 16 kN
ΣFy = 0 ΣMA = 0
RAy – 0.5 (5)(2) – 20(3/5) = 0 – MA + 0.5(5)(2)(1/3)(2) + 20(3/5) (4) + 15 = 0
RAy – 5 – 12 = 0 MA = 3.3 + 48 + 15
RAy = 17 kN MA = 66.3 kNm
SHEAR FORCE & BENDING
MOMENT DIAGRAM
a
P
x
RA a RB
M
V
RA P
M
V
RB
SHEAR FORCE & BENDING
MOMENT DIAGRAM
V= shear force
= the force that tends to separate the member
= balances the reaction RA
M = bending moment
= the reaction moment at a particular point
(section)
= balances the moment, RAx
SHEAR FORCE & BENDING
MOMENT DIAGRAM
+ Fy = 0; RA – V = 0 V = RA
a
Ra Rb
P F Fy = 0
a
Ra – P – F – V = 0
M V = Ra – P – F
a
x1 V Ma-a = 0
x2
Ra –M – Fx1 – Px2 + Rax3 = 0
x3
M = Rax3 – Fx1 – Px2
SHEAR FORCE & BENDING
MOMENT DIAGRAM
Shape deformation due to shear force:
V V V
+ V
V
V V V +
SHEAR FORCE & BENDING
MOMENT DIAGRAM
Shape deformation due to bending moment:
M M
+
M M
Sign Convention:
Positive shear force diagram drawn ABOVE the beam
Positive bending moment diagram drawn BELOW the beam
EXAMPLE 4
a) Calculate the shear force and bending moment for the
beam subjected to a concentrated load as shown in the
figure. Then, draw the shear force diagram (SFD) and
bending moment diagram (BMD).
b) If P = 20 kN and L = 6 m, draw the SFD and BMD for the
beam.
P kN
A B
L/2 L/2
EXAMPLE 4 – Solution
a) P kN
RAx
L/2 L/2
RAy RBy
L/2 L/2
P/2 P/2
Between 0 x L/2:
Fy = 0, –V + P/2 = 0
x
M
V = P/2 kN
P/2 V
Ma-a = 0, –M + Px/2 = 0
M = Px/2 kNm
L/2 L/2
P/2 P/2
Between L/2 x L: P kN
Fy = 0, –V + P/2 – P = 0
V = P/2 kN L/2 M
x
V
Ma-a = 0, –M + Px/2 – P(x – L/2) = 0 P/2
M = PL/2 – Px/2 kNm
P/2 P/2
(+)
SFD A B
(-)
P/2 P/2
BMD 0 0
(+)
PL / 4
EXAMPLE 4 – Solution
20 kN
b)
A B
10 kN 3m 3m 10 kN
10 10
(+)
SFD (kN) A B
(-)
10 10
BMD (kNm) 0 0
(+)
30
EXAMPLE 5
Calculate the shear force and bending moment for the beam
subjected to a concentrated load as shown in the figure, then
draw the shear force diagram (SFD) and bending moment
diagram (BMD).
15 kN
A B
3m 2m
EXAMPLE 5 – Solution
15 kN
A B
RAx
3m 2m
RAy RBy
6 6
A (+) B
SFD (kN)
(-)
9 9
BMD (kNm) 0 0
(+)
18
EXAMPLE 6
Calculate the shear force and bending moment for the beam
subjected to an uniformly distributed load as shown in the
figure, then draw the shear force diagram (SFD) and bending
moment diagram (BMD).
5 kN/m
A B
3m
EXAMPLE 6 – Solution
5 kN/m
RAx
3m
RAy RBy
M
x
V
7.5 kN
5 kN/m
A B
3m
7.5 kN 7.5 kN
7.5
SFD (kN) A (+) B
(-)
7.5
BMD (kNm)
0 0
(+)
5.625
EXAMPLE 7
Calculate the shear force and bending moment for the beam
subjected to the loads as shown in the figure, then draw the
shear force diagram (SFD) and bending moment diagram
(BMD).
2 kN/m
A B
3m
EXAMPLE 7 – Solution
2 kN/m
RAx
3m
RAy RBy
M
A V
x
1 kN
M = maximum when dM 0
1 – 2x/3(x)(1/2) – V = 0 2
dx
dM 3x
V = 1 – 2x2/6 1 0
dx 9
If x = 0, V = 1 kN and x = 3, V = – 2 kN 9
x2
3
– M + 1 × x – 2x/3(x)(1/2) (x/3) = 0
3
M = x – x3/9 x 1.732m
3
3m
RAy RBy
1
(+)
SFD (kN) A B
(-)
2
BMD (kNm) 0 0
(+)
1.155
EXAMPLE 8
Calculate the shear force and bending moment for the beam
subjected to the loads as shown in the figure, then draw the
shear force diagram (SFD) and bending moment diagram
(BMD).
3 kN/m
A B
4m
EXAMPLE 8 – Solution
3 kN/m
A B MB
4m
RBy
8 kNm
4m
6 kN
SFD (kN)
A B
(-)
(-)
BMD (kNm) A B
0
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOAD,
SHEAR FORCE & BENDING MOMENT
When a beam is subjected to two or more
concentrated or distributed load, the way to calculate
and draw the SFD and BMD may not be the same as in
the previous situation.
REGION OF DISTRIBUTED LOAD
ΣFy = 0; V – w(x)Δx – (V + ΔV) = 0
ΔV = w(x)Δx
ΣM0 = 0;
– V Δx – M + w(x)Δx[k Δx] + (M + ΔM) = 0
ΔM = V Δx – w(x)kΔx2
Dividing by Δx and taking the limit as Δx = 0,
the above two equations become:
Slope of the
dV distributed load intensity
shear diagram wx
at each point
at each point dx
Slope of moment dM V Shear at each
diagram at each point dx point
REGION OF DISTRIBUTED LOAD
• We can integrate these areas between any two
points to get change in shear and moment.
Change in
moment M V x dx
Area under
shear diagram
USEFUL TIPS…
• Slope of bending moment always determined by the shape of
shear force lines. The changes in slope (sagging or hogging
also depends on the changes in shear force values)
• When shear force intersects BMD axis, there is a maximum
moment
• When SF maximum, BM minimum and vice versa
• SFD and BMD always start and end with zero values (unless at
the point where there is a moment/couple)
• When a moment/couple acting:
– Clockwise () (+), Anticlockwise () (-)
EXAMPLE 9
Calculate the shear force and bending moment for the beam
subjected to the loads as shown in the figure, then draw the
shear force diagram (SFD) and bending moment diagram
(BMD).
10 kN/m 12 kN
3 kNm
A B
2m 4m 1m
EXAMPLE 9 – Solution
10 kN/m 12 kN
3 kNm A B
2m 4m 1m
RAy RBy
A B
3 kNm
2m 4m 1m
17.75 kN 34.25 kN
17.75 12 12
A (+) B (+)
SFD (kN) (-)
22.25
12
3
(-) (-)
BMD (kNm) 0 0
(+)
12.75
EXAMPLE 10
Calculate the shear force and bending moment for the beam
subjected to the loads as shown in the figure, then draw the
shear force diagram (SFD) and bending moment diagram
(BMD).
4 kN/m 5 kN
A B
3m 2m
EXAMPLE 10 – Solution
4 kN/m 5 kN
MA
A
B
RAx 3m 2m
RAy
43 kNm A
B
3m 2m
17 kN
17
(+) 5
SFD (kN)
A B
43
10
BMD (kNm) (-)
0
EXAMPLE 11
Calculate the shear force and bending moment for the beam
subjected to the loads as shown in the figure, then draw the
shear force diagram (SFD) and bending moment diagram (BMD).
25 kN 5 kN 20 kN
A C D E B
1m 1m 2m 3m
EXAMPLE 11 – Solution
25 kN 5 kN 20 kN
A B
RAx
C D E
RAy
RBy
1m 1m 2m 3m
C D E
B
A
33.57 kN 16.43 kN
33.57
8.57
SFD (kN) (+) 3.57
(-)
16.43
10 kN/m 20 kN
A C B D
4m 4m 2m
EXAMPLE 12 – Solution
10 kN/m 20 kN
RAx
A C B D
RAy RBy
4m 4m 2m
A
C B D
25 kN 35 kN
x 4 x
25
20
25 15
4–x
SFD (kN) (+) (+) 15 x 100 25 x
(-) 40 x 100
x
15 40
x 2.5
(-)
BMD (kNm)
(+)
20
31.25
EXAMPLE 13
Calculate the shear force and bending moment for the beam
subjected to the loads as shown in the figure, then draw the
shear force diagram (SFD) and bending moment diagram (BMD).
10 kN/m
A C D B
1m 3m 1.5 m
EXAMPLE 13 – Solution
10 kN/m
C D
RAx
1m 3m 1.5 m
RAy RBy
C D
A B
1m 3m 1.5 m
16.36 kN 13.64 kN
16.36
x 3 x
SFD (kN) (+) 3–x 16.36 13.64
13.64 x 49.08 16.36 x
x (-) 30 x 49.08
13.64 x 1.636
BMD (kNm)
(+)
16.36 20.46
29.74
EXAMPLE 14
Calculate the shear force and bending moment for the beam
subjected to the loads as shown in the figure, then draw the
shear force diagram (SFD) and bending moment diagram (BMD).
50 kN
25 kN/m 50 kN
A C B D
5m 5m 4m
EXAMPLE 14 – Solution
50 kN
25 kN/m 50 kN
RAx
A C B D
RAy 5m 5m RBy 4m
A D
C 5m B
5m 4m
130 kN 220 kN
130
SFD (kN) 50 50
(+) 5 (+)
45 (-)
170
200
(-)
BMD (kNm)
(+)
337.5
CLASS EXERCISE
CONTRA POINT OF SHEAR
FORCE & BENDING MOMENT
25 kN 4m 4m 2m
35 kN
25
20
SFD (kN) 4–x
Contra point of x
shear force 15 40 (-ve Mmax)
BMD (kNm)
20 Contra point of bending moment
31.25 (+ve Mmax)
STATICALLY DETERMINATE FRAMES
• For a frame to be statically determinate, the number
of unknown (reactions) must be able to solved using
the equations of equilibrium.
4 kN/m
ΣMA = 0
ΣFy = 0
2 kN
ΣFx = 0
RAx
RBy
RAy
EXAMPLE 15
Calculate the shear force and bending moment for the frame
subjected to the loads as shown in the figure, then draw the
shear force diagram (SFD) and bending moment diagram (BMD).
4 kN/m
C D
3m
4m
2 kN
3m B
RAx
A
RBy
5m
RAy
EXAMPLE 15 – Solution
ΣMA = 0
4 kN/m
4 × 5 × 2.5 + 2 × 3 – RBy × 5 = 0
C D
RBy = 11.2 kN
3m
4m
2 kN ΣFy = 0
3m B RAy + RBy = 4 × 5
RAx RAy = 8.8 kN
A
RBy
5m
ΣFx = 0
RAy
RAx = 2 kN
EXAMPLE 15 – Solution
RCy
C MC ΣMA = 0: 2 × 3 – MC = 0
3m MC = 6 kNm
2 kN
3m ΣFy = 0
2 kN Rcy = 8.8 kN
A
8.8 kN
EXAMPLE 15 – Solution
4 kN/m
MC C D MD
5m ΣFy = 0: RCy + RDy = 4 × 5
RCy RDy
RDy = 20 – 8.8 = 11.2 kN
ΣMC = 0:
MC + 4 × 5 × 2.5 – RDy × 5 – MD = 0
MD = 0 kNm
EXAMPLE 15 – Solution
RDy
D
ΣFy = 0:
4m
RDy = 11.2 kN
B
11.2 kN
EXAMPLE 15 – Solution
8.8
5 –x C 6 D
C D x 5 x
x
6 8.8 11.2
11.2
15.7 11.2 x 44 8.8 x
2 6 20 x 44
B B
x 2. 2
2 A
A
Mmax = 8.8 × 2.2 × 0.5 + 6 = 15.7 kNm