LEGAL ETHICS CASES

FACTS:

In a complaint, it was alleged that Atty. Mabuti notarized a “Memorandum of

Agreement,” without being commissioned as a notary public at the time of
notarization. In 2016, after its investigation, the IBP Board of Governors imposed
the penalty of perpetual disqualification from being commissioned as a Notary
Public upon Atty. Mabuti. The IBP explained that in view of the fact that in 2013
he was found guilty by the IBP for violation of the Notarial Rules in another case,
the penalty is aggravated.

ISSUE: Whether the IBP is correct in using its earlier finding of guilt in
aggravating the penalty to be imposed upon Atty. Mabuti.

RULING:

No.

The earlier resolution of the IBP in the “other case” must be forwarded to the
Court for its approval. It is the Supreme Court, not the IBP, which has the
constitutionally mandated duty to discipline lawyers. The factual findings of the
IBP can only be recommendatory. Its recommended penalties are also, by their
nature, recommendatory.

Thus, pending approval by the Court, the findings and resolution in the earlier
IBP case are only recommendatory, and hence (1) fail to establish the fact that
Atty. Mabuti has already been held liable for a prior offense, and (2) cannot
consequently serve to aggravate the penalty in this case.

THINGS DECIDED:
a) It is the Supreme Court, not the IBP, which has the constitutionally mandated
duty to discipline lawyers.

b) The factual findings of the IBP can only be recommendatory. Its recommended
penalties are also, by their nature, recommendatory.