Solutions Manual Accompanying Elements of Electromagnetics, Third Edition Matthew Sadiku, Jerry Sagliocca, and Oladega SoriyanChapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter § Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 TABLE OF CONTENTS 40 B 113 129 193 221 240 280 328 350 384 389CHAPTER 1 PLE. LI (a) A+ B=(1,03)+(5,2,-6) = (6.2,-3) |4+ Bl= 36+4+9=7 (b) 5A-B=(5,0.15)-(5,2,-6) = (0, (c) The component of A along ayis Ay =0 (4) 34+ B=(3,0,9)+(5,2,-6) = (8,2,3) A unit vector parallel to this vector is ae "644449 = 40.9117, +0.2279a, +0.3419a,) P.E. 1.2 (a) The distance vector (0,3,8)-(2,4,6) +2a, Ton =a - (b) The distance between Q and R is =V44144 33 (6) Vector rap =(1,-3,5)-(2,4,6) = (-1,-7,-1) COSOpon = (a) Area = Vo roe * roe| = Vi(15,-4.13) { IPLE. 13 Consider the figure shown below: 40 U, =U, +U, a, +a,) 3500, + = -378a, + 28.284, or u = 379.32175.72" N y . E i x j u uw s PLE. 14 At point (1,0), G at point (0,1), G at point (2,0), G at point (1,1), G It is evident that G is a unit vector at each point. Thus the vector field G is as sketched in Fig. 1.8 PLES Using the dot product, 9, -AtB__-/3 cos AB” T1065 * or using the cross product, Either way.P.E.1.7 a+b+c=0 showing that a, 6, and c form the sides of a triangle. a-b=0, hence it is a right angle triangle. Area = 3.940914 = PLELLS (@) BP, = V(x, -x) +. -)) +(e) - 2) =V25+4+64 =9.644 (b) rp =P + Alte, rm) = (1,2,-3)+ a(-5,-2,8) d= PP sind =|PP, xa,,,| 146 -3 4 “Fails -2 3 5 alt 14.-73.-27)= (-5,-2,-2) -0.8703a, — 0.3482a, - 0.3482a, Prob. 1.2 (a) A + 2B =(2.5,-3)+(6,-8,0) = 8a, —3a, (b) A -5C = (2,5,-3)-(5,5,5) = (- 3,0, | |4-sej=V9r0+6 = 8.544 (c) KB = 3ka, ~ 4ka, |kB| = VOR? 16k? = 45k =2 =k (d) A- B= (2,5,-3)-(3,-4,0)= 6 -20+0=14 2 5 3-4 AxB (12 9 23 ae axa} ofc) 14714714 Prob, 1.3 | | (a) A-2B =(2,1,-3)-(0,2,-2) = (2,-1,-1) A-2B+C a, + 4a, + 6a, (b) 4+ B=(2, C-4(4 + B)=(3,5,7)-(88,-16) = -5a 3a, +234, (c)2A -3B = (4,2,-6)-(0,3,-3) = (4,-1,-3) \C|= V9+25+49 =9.11 | 24-38 ey 039m = OMe, - 0.32930, = 2) = 0.857 la, +0.6428a, + 1.642a,(d)A-C =6+5-21=-10, [Bl = v2 A-C-|Bl 10+2 | taste (2 -t}¢(2.3.2) Gators 53833.0.75) 304 33 444 -1{ far(tarte)= ° ! "a1 234 Fo) 2 hat67 1.5833 0.75 | Prob.1.4 (a) T=(3,22,1) and $ = (4, 6,2) (b) rrs = ts — 1 = (4, 6, 2) = (3, -2, I= 1 Bay ta, (c) distance = |rrs| = V1 +64 +1 = 8.124m Prob. 1.5 Let D = aA + 6B+C | =(Sa- 6 +8)a, +(3a+4f +2)a, +(-20 +68), D, =0+5a-f+8=0 a) D, =0 4-20 + 6f =0 +a =38 Q) Substituting (2) into (1), 15B-B+8=0> f= ThusProb. 1.6 A-B=0>0=3a+f-24 ad) A-C=0-+0=Sa-2+47 (2) BC =040=15-28 -6y 3) In matrix form, 24) [3 1 0fa > =|5 0 4 ‘ {Is} lo 2 6f7]} 3 1 O sb 0 4|=3(0-8)-1(30~0)+0(10-0)=-24-30 =-54 lo 2 24 1 oJ A,=|2 0 4)=-24x8-(12-60)=-144 1S 2 6| Is 24 oJ =|5 2 4 =3(12-60)-24x30 = -864 0 15 4 {3 1 24! 4,=|5 0 2/=-12-75+240=153 lo 2 15] Prob. 1.7 (2) A-B = ABcosO 4p Ax B= ABsinO ,,, (4-B) +|Ax Bl’ = (4B)*(cos? 0,, +sin? 0,,)= (4B)?Prob. 1.8 (a) P+ Q=(2,2,0), P+Q- R =(3,1,-2) |P+O-R|=V9+1+4 = Vid = 3.742 [-2 -1 - (b)P-QxR=|4 3 2)/=-2(6-2)+(8+2)-2(44+3)=-8+10-1 -l 1 2 432 5 =(4,- OxR I‘ ; i (4,-10,7) P-QxR=(-2,-1,-2)-(4,-10,7) = -8+10-14 = 32 4 2 Jetaaa) 4,4,2)-(-1,2)= 44444 =12 -l 1 2 or QxP-R=R-QxP=|4 3 -2 -1 (d)(P x Q)-(Q x R) = (4,-4.2): (4,-10,7) = 16 + 40-14 4 -4 J ol «0)(@xA)=[) 10 77488 P-R (2-1-4) Ong See = (905000 = tpiRi” Jacteadisted py = 114.1"- (sind = 2 SIRETORT Ne PI ibe 9+4 35 | Op9 = 214 Prob. 1.9 Tr. (a)T, =T-a, => Is| (b)S, =(S ayhe, = EDI. =12-63) = -0.2857a, + 0.8571a, - 0.4286a, \@12110) | 245 N67 -ITxS| _ ris} | 2 -6 3 12] = 0.9129 al (c)sin8,s = Prob. 1.10 AB _~1+12+15 _ 26 _ 694 iB) Visaso Via (B-A)A _ 26(-1,6,5) b) B, = (B- = =a )B, =(B-as)eg lar (+3625) =-0.4193a, +2.516a, +2.097a, B 26 26 A Oy, - AB. __ 2626 (0800 ~ igi” Jeijieaes ~ Vena @A,=A-a,Prob. 1.11 Prob. 1.12 Por ye 2 0 3” P-(Qx R)=(2,-1,1)-(3,-1,2 =6+1-2=5 QxR= (3,-1,-2) Prob. 1.13 (a) Using the fact that (4x B)xC =(4-€)B-(B-C)A, we get Ax(Ax B)= (Ax B)x A =(B-A)A-(4-A)B (b) Ax (4x(Ax B))= Ax[(4-B)4-(4-)B] = (4: BYAx A)-(A- AYAx B) Prob. 1.14 [ A(BxQ = Hence. A-(BxC) = (AxB)-CProb. 1.15 (15.39,-30) [6 0 PpxRR=[ oo I Area of the triangle = +|P,P, x BP = Prob. 1.16 Let P; = (4,1,-3), P2 = (-2, 5, 4), and P3 = (0, 1, 6) Pi a=, ~ 14, = (-2,5,4)- (41,-3) = (-6,4,7) = (0,1,6)-(-2,5,4) = (2,-4,2) rn, = (41-3) - (0,1,6) = (4,0,-9) Note thata+b+c=0 12-16+14 b = abcos(180~ 7) > - = —_— #16 abcod 80-7) + cosy = B= IE 4 14° . = Se = BAT res Tor +0-18 24/97 «10 = cos! ———- = 78, A V2497 = 24+0-63 a-c = accos(180- a)» —cosa = 2 £ = —748 40-63 ale] Ji01/97— Prob. 1.17 (8) fp = Mo - Fp = (2,-1.3) (-1.4,8) = (3,-5,-5) Tig =|Peq| = V9-+ 25+ 25 = 7.681 (b) Fog = = (-1,2.3)-(- 1.4.8) = (0.-2.-5) j () rep = 3a, +5a, + 5a, Ton = 2.-1,3)-(-1,2,3) = 3a, -3a, cos = for For 91S 24 \rorltoe| V9+25+25V9+9 Vi8V59 6 = 137.43" Shae Xa | 5S ferston=[ 5 _3 = 15a. +154, ~ 60, Are: = LVS HIP HE = 11.02 (©) Perimeter = OP + PR+ RO=rop + Fon + Foe = 59 + V4425 + VIB = 7.681 + 5.385 + 4.243 731 Prob. 1.18 (a) Let A = (4,B,C) and r ="(x,y,2) i+ By+ C2+ D where D = -4° - B’- C*. Hence, (r-A)-A = 0 Ax + By+Cz+D=0 which is the equation of a plane. (b) (r-A)-r = (x-A)x + (y-B)y + (2-C)z If (r-A)r = 0, then v+y+z—Ax-By-Cz=0 which is the equation of a sphere whose surface touches the origin. (c) See parts (a) and (b).[Prob. 1-19 " — | (a) Let P and Q be as shown below 5 x Q 82. 2x4) ; |P|=cos’ 8, +sin? 6, = 1,|Q| = cos? 0, + sin? @, =1, ' Hence P and Q are unit vectors. (b) P-@ = (I)(1)cos(@, -8,) But P-@ = cos@, cos8, +sin§, sin8,. Thus, cos(O, -4, 088, cos8, + sind, sind, Let P, = P =cos6,a, +sinda, and 0, =c0s8,a, -sind,a,. ' P, and Qy are unit vectors as shown below: | P,Q, = (I)()cos(O, + A) But P, -Q, = cos8, cosd, ~sin8, sind, cos(9, + 8,) = c0s8, cos, - sind, sind, { Alternatively, we can obtain this formula from the previous one by replacing ! 02 by -92 in @.(c) I 5 1 . ZIP A= F1(e0s0,, - cos0.,)a, + (sind, ~ sind .)a, ee a 5 V2- 2(cos8 ,cos0 , + sind, sind , Let @,-8, = 0, the angle between P and Q. 1 1 — lP- = 3v2- 2cos0 But cos 2A 2sin7A. 1 l a SIP Os 5 V2- 2+ 4sin”0/2 = sind /2 Thus, Li p-gytsi IP - Orlsin Prob. 1.20 Prob. 1.21 (a) AUT, A = (-4,3,-9) [4] = J16+9+81 = V106 = 10.3(b) Let r;5 = B= Ba, B=56.a, 5.6(-4,3,9) 10.3 -0.175a, +0.63la, - 1.8934, Prob. 1.22 (a) At(1,2,3), £ = (2,1,6) [E| = V4+1436 = V41 = 6.403 (b) At (12,3), F= (2,-4,6) E-F)F _36 ler 56 = 1.2864, ~2.57la, +3.857a, E, =(E-a,)a,p (2,-4,6) (c) At (0,1,-3), B= (0,1,-3), F = (0,-1,0) oO 1 - ExF= (-3,0,0) jo -1 0 Geer a ta, jexF| —=PLE. 21 (a) At P(1,3,5), x= 1, p=yxey = Vi0 PCp, Spherical system: y=3, CHAPTER 2 z=5, re yx? yt 2? = ¥35 =5.916 reyxre yess 6= tant ferny*/ 35 = 5916 = tan! ¥10/5s = tan“! 0.6325 = 32.31° P(r,8,0)= P(5.916,32.31° 71.56°) AtT(0,-4,3), x=0 p= xt + y? = 4,25 3,9 tan y/ x= tan!- 4/0= 270° T(2.9.2) Spherical system: (4,270° 3). P(JT0, tan“ 3,5) = P(3.162,716" 5) 2=0; rext+ yz? = 5,0= tan" p/z= tan! 4/3= 5313. TC, Tgs313 At S(-3-4-10), p= {ety =5, b= tant 4/-3= 2331 S(p,9,2) = S(5,233.1,- 10). (b) Spherical system: 270°). x=3, y=4, 2=-10; rot yee = Sv5= 1118, = tan '/ = tan!5/-10= 15343%; S(r,0,9)= S(11.18,153.43° ,2331°). In Cylindrical system, Q= 7 Q, p= = 0: x+y; Q. g yz= zpsind,J [2] cosé sing 0], /2|- -sing cosé 0}] 0 la} lo o ile In Spherical coordinates: rsing Q.= B = sing; 1 Q, =-rsingsinOrcosd ~ = - rsinBcos@sing, Q.| [sinécosd sindsing cose ][Q, Q, | = |cosBcosg cosOsing -sing|| 0 |; Q, ~sing cosp 0 La. Q.= Q,sinBcosg + Q, cos = sin? Bcos# - rsinBcos? Asing. Q,= Q, cosOcosg - Q, sind = sinOcosOcos4 + rsin? BcosOsing. Q, sing = - sin@sing. Q= sin {sin Bcosp- rcos? Asin g)G, + sindcosgXcos4 + rsindsing)q, - sindsingq, AtT: a 4. - - - Q(x, y.z) = gat 2a, =08a,+24a.; 4 5 5 - O(p.9.2)= 5 (e0s270° Gy ~ sin270° ay - 3sin270° a: = 08a, + 24a, ; 4 45 - 43. 20 - 4 - Q8.9)=500- 55(- Mar + S(SMO- FD) ao - soda 4 yet 540 = l44a, +084,0 Note, that the magnitude of vector Q = 2.53 in all 3 cases above. re22 (a) [* [cose -sind 0 [ pzsing | i j "|e cosp 0) | 3pcosd a [0 0 | [econo i A= (pzcosd sing - 3p cos6 sing )a, + (pzsin’ $+ 3p cos’ $a, +pcospsinga.. | But p = yx"+ = = ze y » tang=—, cosh = , sin ; x y yrry te ey? Substituting all this yields: { [(a2- 3xy)a, + (zy’+ 3x’)a, + xya,] fl B. sin@cos@ cos@cosd -sing|{ r? B,|=|sin@sing cos@sing cos@ || 0 B cos6 sind 0 sin® To 5 Since r= x+y? +2", tanQ==2*” tang 2; \ z z { yxvty? and sin@ ===, _cos0 x+y tz?” . » x and sing = ' cos} = ; : yx? 457 an +y? . 1 B, =r? sin@cosd ~ sin@sing = rx-~ = ~(rx-y), ; ror I B, =r’ sinOsing + sinOcosp = ry+~ = “(r?y 4x), r * B. =r’ cos® = rz =—(r’z). 1 (a0? +" +27) - ya, + QGl ty? +2?) +x}a, HzO ty? yP.E.2.3 (a) At: (1,2 /3,0), H= (0.0.5.1) - - i. - a, = cos$ a, - sing dy = 5 (a, -V3a) v3 + (b) At: (1,213,0), Go = cos0 dy ~ sind a, = a a a. ope 1 Hxay=|0 5 I= 0 6 - (©) (Heap)ay = 0a. ip ay | Hxa: = |0 1/2 1] = 05a, (d) oo. PE. 2.4 @ AeB = (3,2,- 6) #(4,0,3) Ia, - 33a - 8a]. () | Thus the magnitude of Ax B= 3448. (c) At (1. 2/3. St / 4), B= n/3, a-= costa, - sinfa. - By_ 1 aI (Ava.)a. = G- VI) Ga - 8; 0.116 a, 0. Prob, 2.1 (a) x= pcosd= Icos60" = 05; y= psing = Isin120° = 0866; z=2; P(x,y,2) = P (05,0866, 2). (b) x=2c0s90% = 0; y= 2sin90°=1; z= -10. QO =9(0,1,-4). © sinO@cosg = 3sin45°cos210° = - 1.837; ye=rsinOsing = 10sin135°*sin90° = - 1.061; z=rcos@ = 10cos135° = 2121 R(x yz) = R(- 183) 061, 2.121). (d) x= 4sin90°cos30° = 3.464. sin 30° sin 240° = 2. z= rcosO = 4cos90* = 0. T(x,y,2) = 13.464, 2, 0). Prob.2.2 (a) Given P(1,-4,-3), convert to cylindrical and spherical values;20 pe yix™ a = VP+CH = V7 = 4.123 “7 a stan! = tan! te ° gta = tan = 28404. i Spherical: i rays yee = VIF 1649 = 5099 y x= pcos, y= psing, zc0s$- p? singcosg+ pzsing (b) Pe year yr 22? 2 +r? sin’ Osin? $+ 2r* cos’ O = P[1+ sin’ Osin’ $+ 2cos’@ i | Prob. 2.4 ‘ @) : D,| [cose sing o}f 0 i D,|=|-sing cosh 0} | x+z . pJ {| o o ilo \ D, = (x+ z)sing = (p cos@ + z)sing D, = (x+ z)cosd = (p cosd + z) cos D= (p cosh + z)[sind a+ cos} a,] ' Spherical: [2 J... sin@ sing | 0 | D,|= |. cosOsing ...||x+2 12 1 Di. cosé21 D, = (x+ z)sin0 cos = r(sin@ cos¢ + cosd) sind sing. D, = (x+ z)cos@ sing = r(sin8 sing + cos )cosé sing. D, = (x+z)cosh = r(sin9 cos6 + cos) cos}. D= r(sin® cos6 + cos [sind sing a, + cos@ sind ay + cosd ay], (6) Cylindrical: | [®| cosé sing 0] [y?-x? \ E,| = |-sing cosé 0] | x2 le, 0 0 I |xe-2} | E, = (°-x*)cosd+ xyzsing = p*(sin? g- cos’ P)cosg + p*zcosdsin? g P cos2gcosd + p*zsin’ dcos¢. (7 - x*)sing + xyzcose E, =p’ cos2gsing + p*cos2gsing + p*zsingcos' g. i E,=x%-2 = proosg-2?. E = p* cosg(zsin® $- cos2) a, + p* sing(2cos? $ + cos2)ay + (p? cosp- z”)a.. In spherical: i E, sindcosp sin@sing cos@ | [y?- x" I E,| =|cos@cos¢ cosdsing -sind} | xz ‘ E, -sing’ cos 0 | bx-2? i E, = (y’~ x’)sin0 cos} + ayzsin® sing + (x? - 2’) cos0; : but x= rsinOcosp, y= rsinsing, z= rcos0; E, = r' sin’ 0(sin? 4 - cos’ )cos + r’sin’@ cos sin’ § cos + r?(sin?6 cos’ }) cost’; E, = (y" ~ x’) cos6 cos} + xyzcos@ sing - (x? - 2’) sind; | = -r° sin’ 8 cos26 cos@ cos + r’ sin* 8 cos’@ sin} cosé - r?(sin’Ocos’¢ = cos’ 8)sin8; E, = (x'~3")sing + xyzcosd ' = 1 sin’ 0.cos2 sing + r’ sin? @ cos’ § sing cos®; |In Spherical: am = i 4 ae ! (pa, + 4a:). A (4, + 44:). Ipaa sinO cos} cosé sing 0 -sing sing 0 o 01 1 EF, = Fs 1000s" $+ psin’ g) = 2 pen? 9+ psin’ g] 1 Torah Pesstsinds pcosdsindl = 0 pee sin@ sind cos costcosh cos sing - sind ~ sind cosd 0 er i Fi x r a r E = [-r’ sin’0.cos29 + r' sin’ 0 cos0 sin’ cosh + r°(sin’@ cos’ 6 ~ cos’8)cos8 Ja, +23 2 > ? 2 4 in’ O.cos’O + “sin? 9 sin’@ + Zcosd , , , A ye F, = sin cos® cos" § + sin cos@ sin’ § - ~sind r F, =~ sinO cos sing ~ sind sing cos = 0: sy tay: 4 F = (sin’@+—sin8)a, + sinO(cos0 ~ -)ag. (b) G,| [cose sing 0] G,| =|-sing sing 0 G. o o1 G, = 0; zp Ge ; - VJ ip +27 : ~~ (pa, +24.). Were a | Spherical : G,| [sin@cosp sin@ sing G,| = |coscos cosd sing G, ~sing cos » 4 = sin’@ + —cos®; r 4 = sin@cos@ - sind; r arsind cos® | | ——— * r - sind | | ysin 0 }| zsine | | |24 G, = rsin’ @.cos’§ + rsin’@ sin” 4 + rcos’@ sind =rsin’@ + rcos’ sind = rsind G, = rsin’ 9 cos® cos’ +rsin’@ cossin’ - rsin’ 8 cos® in“ 8 cosd - rsin’ 8 cos® = 0. ~ rsin’@ sing cosé + rsin?@ cos sind = 0 G= rsin0 a. | Prob. 2.6 (a) A, cosé -sing 0 ets A,| = | sing cos 0) | =pzcosd 4, 0 0 1 0 A= p(z' + Ieosd + pzsing cosd =e ey (+d + ety) vey A, = p(z? + D)sin @ - pzcos’> 2 eyety @+n7e- yx y xo + y5 2x 2 Bs[-S Vx? eye 25 [B,] [ sindcoss cosdcosp - sing] 2x |2,|=|sind sing cos0 sing cos | | reos® cosd lo. cosd - sind 0 -rsing | B, = 2xsin0 cos + rcos’ 6 cos?6 + rsin’ § ry Wer yee B, = 2xsinO sing + rcos’ 0 sing cosd - rsing cosd ay: Xx B, = 2xcos- rsin0 cos6 cos 2xz yetty?t2? (opyxey? Feet Gea) yo Az xz yxttye yet y +e? a x Oty )\e ey ae 2 2xy + - rtyyrtyer ey a aye _ yes eet Vert yee? (xt yy? prez?(b) Prob 2.7 (a) [C.] feose -sing 0] [ zsing CG sing cosé 0] |-pcos¢ ie 0 0 Il 2 | az = zsingcos¢ + psingcosg = => + dcosd + psingcoss Fey way 2, 20a yp in? rg. V2 Baty = zsin’ $~ peos'g = P=, = AE TY $- peos’ d Pay ey = Qpe= defx*+_”; wz = +h d+ Fey! eat sin® | D, sin® cos} cosdcosp -sing] | 7 9 D,|= |-sindsing cos8 sing cosp | | 5 D. cos), -sing 0 0 sin’ @ cos | cos" @cos$ _ cos x D, r r PO” [eer tey ez sin’ 0 sing ‘ cos’ @ sing . y . 7 Vit y(t yitz’y’ = ? > Jay + 2efx?+ ya. yProb. 2.8 (a) G,* dy =(Cosgay -~ singay)*a,y = cosd ax a4 = (coshay ~ singay)*a, = ~ sing a,+a,=(Singa, + cosday)e a, = sing G,* dy =(singay + singay)*a, = cosg (b) Since a», ay, and a, are mutually orthogonal Also, a,ea:= 0; ayea.= 0. cos -sind 0 4,8 ay sing cosh 0|=| aed, 0 0 1 a,* a, © In spherical system: G, = sin cos} a, + cos® cosd de - sing ay. a, = sin sing a, + cosd sing ae - cos ay. a: Hence, cos0 a, - sin@ de. @,# a, = sin cos; Gx* dy = cos cos; a,+a, = sind sind; 4, a» = cos0 sing; a8 d, = €0803 | a4 dy = ~ sin®;ta) [Prob 29a) r= O=tan'=; gag. or sind, rcosd; o-9. Fed (pF 2 a, =sinOa: + cosday; de = cosda, - sinda.; ay = a Hence, a-| [sind 0 -cos0]| > a| =|cosd 0 ~sind a o 1 0 From the figures below, cos a.~sin® ae; ay = dy. @, = cosOao+ sinda,; a.f ~ ~ z a sin8a, ~ -% cos6a, sin8(-a,) a, costa, a au 6 a, 8 > _ Pp p | [sin@ cosd 9 a, a|=| 0 0 1 ae a.| [cos@ -sing al a, Prob. 2.10 (a) H, es 6 sing 2/5 H,| = |-sing a 0 HJ) | 0 H, = xy’zcoso + x’yzsing = p om wipes’ = 5p’zsin’ 2 H, = - xy"zsing + x’yzcoso = - p’zcosd sin’ § + p’zcosd sing = p’zcos6 sind cos2$. H,= x92’ = p’z’ sing cos. _ ot eae! dotesin® 2a, + 3p zsin 2 cos2$a, + 3p zsin 26a. I [4] [sinécosd sinO sing cos [y's ite) = | cos® cose cos sing - sind | | x?yz | -sing cos} 0 xyz? | | x=rsindcosd. y= rsin sind, = rcostH, = xyz[ysin® cos + xsin0 sing + scos8 = r’ sin’ 0 cos® sing[rsin’ @ sing cosd + rsin’ @ sing cosd + rcos" 0] H, = xy2[yc0s8 cos + xcos0 sing - zsin8] sin’ @ cosd sing cosé [rsin8 cosd sing cos$ + rsin@ cos® sing cos$ - rcosd sind) ye[- y'sing + xcos¢] | | =r" sin? 0 cos0 sing cosé[-rsin0 sin’ ¢ + rsinO cos’ 4] =r’ sin’ @ cos0 sing cos26 | Hz= r’' sin’ @ cos0 sing cosé[(sin’ 6 sin 26 + cos’ 6)a, + | (sin6 cos0 sin 26 ~ cos0 sinB)ay + sin® cos.24 ay). (b) ' At(3- 45), H(x,y,z) = -60(-4,3,5) |ftx.y.2] = 4243 This will help check H(p,¢,2) and H(r,0,6) p=5, z= 5, $= 360°- tan’! = 306.87° | He 4012545 4-0.96)a,+ £12545 4-0.90)(-0277))ay +4(25(5)-0.96)a f = 288a,+ 84 Spherical, 300a: 1 r= {50= 5V2;‘ sind re cosO= a Ee . 4 3 & sing=-=, cosp= 5. a He 2500317 ty Id, 1 1 1 wi! ~ pgs "2 3g)t 4 + 15 *2- 35)- pha ta 2s = -8485a, + 415849 + 84a, \ Prob 2.11 (a) sing cose 0] 0 La Lo 0 Ips? sing | | | A [co = sing re" |b) A, = pcos’ = x +) At(3,-4,0) — x=3, y=-4, 1 A= 3[9a,- 12a] ,] [sin@cosp sindsing cosd A,|=|cospcosé cosOsing - sind 4 -sing —cosg 0 v[Rvieels x=rsinOcosd, y=rsinOsing, z= rcos0, p=rsind. 2 cos? ae j sin’ 0 cos? sin? @cosd sing EROS F sin8 cos + SPO COP SING ing cing 4 sind sind as r'sind cos’) Tsin8 6088 4 cos0 rsin® = rsin’@ cos + r? cos’@ sind 4,=rsin8 cos’ $ cos6 cos + rsin® cosd sing cos® sind - r’ cos’ @ sing sind sin8 cos® cos - r? sin8 cos’ sing = rsin® cos0[cos@ ~ rcos@ sing] sin8 cos’ 9 sing + rsin® cosd sind cosé = 0. 8 cos +cos’ 6 sind Ja, + rsind cos8[cosé - rcos032 At (3-40), r= 5,0= 5/2, $= 306.83 cosg = 3/5, sing = -4/5. As 3r a S(OY-4/ 5)Ja, + SUMO)ay = 3a, jae 3 A,| [cos -sing 0] [ 4, A,| = {sing cos 0} | 4, A oO j 4. x y [sin@cosé cos@cosp- sing] | 4, = |sindsing cosOsing cos¢| | 4, | cos0 - sind 0 s{4 , -ae x xz -yProb 2.13 (a) Using the results in Prob.2.9, 4, = posing = r° sinOcosOsing A, = 3pcos¢ = 3rsinOcosd A, = poospsing = rsinOcosgsing Hence. 4,| [sind 0 cos® |[r? sind cosé sing A,|=|cos8 0 -sind|| 3rsin@ cos¢ H4} | @ 1 0 |Lrsind cose sing A(r.8,4) = rsind[sin§ cos0(rsind + cosd)a, + sing(rcos’ 8 - sind cost a, + 3cos¢a| Pe ce ae ae At (10.0/23/4), r= 10,0 = 212,90 = 3n/4 = 3 Ax 10(0a, + 05a, - 4) = Say ~ 21.21a, B,] [sind cosd 0][ 8] B\=| 0 0 ae B.| [cos -sind Oj] B, p B(p,o,2)= yp’ + 04+ sera t2a) At (22/61), p= 29=8/6,2=1 Bz V5(2a, + 04a, + a. 0.8944a, + 2.236. Prob 2.14 =1= 1) + 2-5)? = 29 = 5385 2(3\(5)cos + (-1- 5)° = 100 10aa no 45-2 ts OF +5* - 2(10XS)cos 5 cos = : Rok on 3 | =(l i oos7 = == a = (10y(5)sin sin Ec0s7 7 4 d= J99.12 Prob 2.15 (a) An infinite line parallel to the z-axis. (b) Point (2,-1,10). [(©) A circle of radius rsin@=5 , ie. the intersection of a cone and a sphere (d) An infinite line parallel to the z-axis. (©) A semi-infinite line parallel to the x-y plane. (f) Asemi-circle of radius 5 in the x-y plane. Prob.2.16 At T(2,3,-4) 13797 cos = we = -07428,sin0 = #2 = 0.6695 ay = tan! == t é Y= tan i cos} Ti sing 4, = c0s0.a,~ sin a, = -0.7428.a,~ 0.6695 av. sin0 cos) @,+ sind sing a,+ cosda. = 0.37 14a, + 0.557 1a, - 0.74284,$= 90°; 1[B.] [cos¢ -sing 212 B,| =|sing cos 0} | B B}| [Oo oO A LB. 0 -1 0) [-3] =|1 0 olf 7 oo Hl- #] ? B=-a,-35a,-3a: (a) A+ B= (2,4,10)+ (-1,-5,-3) 52 (0) Ags Asan = B= = ~ Fez = 8789. Prob. 2.18 At P(8, 30°, 60°)" = P(r,8,6), x= rsinO cos) = 8sin30° cos60"= 2. y=rsinO sing = 8sin30° sin60° = 2¥3 I z=rcos = 85 V3) = 43. G = HHay+ 8V3 ay+ (48+ 24a: = (14,13.86,72); v3- 0 1- at Fay; 2 2 @, = - sing a.+ cos}a, | Gy = (Gedy )ay = (75+ WILEVF A+ as)[Prob. 2.19 | | (a) J, = (Jea.)a- AU(2, #12, 3012), a: = c0SOG,~ sinBap = - ao. J.,= = 60820sin gag = ~ cosmsin(3x/2)ae = - a» a. - - () Jo tan FInd = tan In2ay = In2a, = 0.693 1a. (©) = J- J, = - aot In2a,y = - ae+ 0.693 1a, . (ad) Jp=(Jear)ax ,, = sin cos a, + cos® cos ae- sing ay At (2. 1/2, 3n/2), i Prob 2.20 AUP, p=2,$=30, z= H=10sin30a,+ 2cos30? ay- 4a.. = Say+ 1.732a,-4a:. Hy, = H,a,= (25sin30° cos30°+5sin 30° cos30° )a, = Ba, (c) Normal to p= 2is H,= Hy ay; ie. Hy = 07538 ay. | (d) Tangential to ¢ = 30° | H.= Hoa Ha.=0Prob.2.21 3 (a) At T.x= 3,y= Lp = S.c0s¢ = 5 A= 0a,- SUN 2ayt 25(Na: 5 r= 26, sind = De cos® = We 5 Jar+ (426) Ya" = -156a,+ 10a, (6) In cylindrical coordinates, B,] [sind cos 0] [- 15.6 Bli=| 9 0 i/o B.| |cosd -sind 0] | 10 3,5 B,= 156 sin® = 26(- ST B,= 10, B. = 156 cos@ = -3.059 B(p.o.z) = (-15.3,10,- 3.059) An= (Avan)an= (44 B)B> fo 343.36 O71a,- 1354ay+ 041414. | (c) In spherieal coordinates, t ' [4 [sm 0 cos6 | | | 4,|=|cosd 0 -sin6| 3 tt i id} LO FO jL25] 1 (30-76 485)(- 15.3,10,- 3.059)38 a a 4@ Ax B= |4.903 -2451 0| = - 245.1a, + 49.03a, - 382-43a, -156 0 10) £(0.5365a,- 0.1073 a» + 0.8371ay. xs 1 Y= rcosB cosB = sis ae 0 2= rcosy cosy Hence, (r,0,Byy)= (7, 10 =2s y= 1269 cosy= == Sys 1269 400830° 2084 Ta = 46S 4 sins" B= 66.42 46.15? 66.42? 126°) cosa i39 [(o) For (7.0.4) = G.30°.60"), rez cos B= —= sinO sing = 0.433 B= 64.34", r (r.a.B.y) = (BIS5P 64.34 30°). Prob 2.23 2reosOsing - G= cosyayt SEE. + (1- cos? pa. yet sind : oe = cosga,+ 2tanOsinga,+ singa. | sinOcos# sinOcos$ cos@][ cos’¢ G| = |sindcos# cosOsing - sind} | 2tandsing G,) | -sing cong 0 sin’ ¢ Gr = sinBcos$+ 2cosOsin® $+ cosOsin’ 9 = sinOcos’ $+ 3cosOsin? ¢ G, = cosOcos? $+ 2tanOcosOsin’ p- sinOsin® G, = - singcos? $+ sin? dcos¢ = sin gcos¢(sing- cos) G [sin cos? $+ 3cos@sin’ g]a, + [cosOcos? $+ 2 tan Ocos@sin’ g- sindsin® p]ae + singcosp(cosg- cosd)ay40 P.E.3.1 (a) DH = oa" oes 0-0 &) FG= f ra |, = 5G- ‘. AEHD= | [rsinodiap |, = 9(-cos0) Pring dl sy = CHAPTER 3 lon. 3x = MGs Fe 178. an (©) On gues @ rs 0-90 ABCD = [ frdOdr = 13 09 © PLE. 3.2 rs . 2h, & (-cos8) | ors 6 40" Iysase = Log 598. pel 21241 (fe f+ faedt=c+o+c, pod fas Along (1), C,= [ Aedl= J p cost dply.o = 72 Along (2), dl = pdb a, Ae dl = 0, C,=0 ye-1 1 Along (3), C, = [p06 de = oI G § Ae dl = C,+C,+C,= 240-121 P.E. 3.3 (a) Ty rsind ap" = (cosOsing+ 2rg)a,- sinOsinglnr ae + (cosOcosginr + rcosecd) ay P.E. 3.4 VO =(x+ part (x4 z)a,+ (yt 2)a: At (1,23) VO = (54,3) D_ 2L Vea, = (54,3) 3 3 , where (2,2) = (344)~ (1,23) Q,PE. 3.5 Let f= x'y+z2-3, g=xlogz-y"+4, Vf = 2xyay+ x? ay a: _ ox. = logza.- 2ya,+~ a. At P(-/,2,D, 4 Vf C4art ata.) me eRe VIB 6080 = ry.g = + OMS 18x17 5 = cos! —" 73.399 0 = cos! 5 3.39 PE. 3.6 0+ 440= 4x. (a) Ve At (1-2,3), Ve ) VeR (p B,) + pene “aes ar) = zpzsing -23p 2 sing + 2zsing - 32° sing Pp = (2- 32)zsing. ASS Dy Ve B=(2-3\()= xh (c) 16 at sind a0 4080 O)* TG ay = =6r? cosOcosp 73 (b) P.E. 3.7 This is similar to Example 3.7. H = fAeds= ¥4¥,4¥, ¥,=0=¥, since A has no z-component ¥ = [fp° cos’ odbc: Vx B= a,(0- 6pzcosh)+ ay(p sing - O)+ a: (pz cosd ~ pzcos>) cosh a,+psind a, + (6z- /)zcos$ a: q44 © Z Vx -12 cog — C= a,— Find (r"? cos - 0) + a a > 3 ong: = r'*cot0a,- (2cot6 sing + gr a _ 2rcosd sing 3, aad #2), % 7 (0 2rsind cose) 2sin8 cotd a At 5D, VxC= 1732a,~ 45ae- 05a, P.E. 3.9 4 Ae dl= [(W x AyedS i 5 ~ =. Zoos But (Vx A)=singa.+ J0v x AyedS= [fp sing ad ap 5 #2, and d= pdbdpa. p ” = 5 ceose| = -$+= 1 P.E. 3.10 49 6 ao @ Ver GF a a AA a AL (2h. 24; Ga ae" Ga zee (aa Gade? PE, 3.11 (a) VUs Len y)+ Le + xz)+ Zw)45 If B is conservative, V x B= 0 must be satisfied. fo 4 @ ox dy az ly+zcosxz x xcosxz| = Oa,+ (cosxz- xzsinxz- cosxz+ xzsinxz)a,+ (I- Ia: =0 Hence B is a conservative field. (b) 1a é VV = ——p(zsing+ 2, and We sing- 22 © singcosg)+ L(psing + 22 ‘cos’ g) pa” b+ 2p) pesing- D 1 5 2 = Jiesings 4p)- —s(cpsing+ 22" cos2g) + 2cos" g. 2 = 44 2cos' g- = cos2¢, ae (c) >, 1a 11 ! vif= TF aolps , cos8 sind + 2r’ "o]+ Fang or sin’ 0 sing Inr] ig {7 cosd sind Inr} = Acoso sing(/~ 2lt.- es0?@ Inr) + 68 P.E. 3.12 — SS46 (b) dl = rsinddg; i a = fat =rsino { ag = (ysin30°((Z)- 0] = 05236. } pe236 ©) dl= rdp L= [ater fao- 4% 5) . aiso 4 26° 3°=— 6 Prob. 3.2 @ dS= pdgdz ; st aa S= [as = plfdpa: = 2 fae Jas = 291F-F] = 5 (b) In cylindrical, dS = p dp dp fa-2@p- = fas = [oa Joo = FQ (c) Inspherical, dS = r’ sind aa * S= fas = 100 [sinda [ap= 100(2n\(-cosd) | = 200x(0.5- 07071)= 7.584 a = qd) dS=rdr®47 Prob.3.3 (a) dV = dedydz Vs fasdyde = fae [dy faz = () 2- NG--3)= 6 (b) dV = pdodpdz 54 [= ntn— 5) 2 2(25- 4(5 (28) = 35n = I 3772 3 1 ln, 26x, a 37- DQG) gt Prob 3.4 y x alone fo,as = J Joes odvae 0 920 1 we tog = foeyt aes foe's Sa a i48 Prob. 3.5 Jaedt = [(x'des y? dy) Buton L, y= x" dy= 2xde faea-= Joes x 20a i ° Prob. 3.6 i a sin0 0 dr dh = 2 cosa) 0 050 Vv % @=5 Prob.3.7 (a) frei = fe = 2)dy[ + Joel + Je Sz") z = orf - af = 0+4-54= - 50 (b) Let x= 2. y=t, z= 30 de=2dt, dys dt, de= dt; an 19 JFeal = fer -sr- 1620) ae = “ze 3 Prob.3.849 ’ 7 fivai = Jenne, + Jorrarel) + fort adv + Syzar| [oor Judy 90-5 og ay? + fete J pyr py “3 y 1 +e etl = 5-304 nin NIN eG Prob. 3.9 The surface S can be divided into 5 parts as shown below: z Si50 ba ~ J Jo°z(cos¢ + sing)ab dpa. =0 90920 For 4,, 6 = o dS=dpdeay 1 A= | [pz(cost + sing)dp dz a, p e St For 4,, 60, dS= dpdey-ay) fo+na = 1a Nin A= -ay - a 4- - 2 Thus, 4= [va3 = J+ 04 day dy = fat 1333, Prob 3.10 (@) | Adv= | 2xydedydza, + [xzdrdydea,- Jycedydza. Pop a a Raa = 2fxdi | ydy[dca.s [rae [ay faded, + fac | rdy [aca31 Since fae Sf= 2 and jace 2, we get () 4, 4 A JAdv= 22 2)2)a.+ (22)(2)4, ~ 22AV(2)a = 16.a,+ 8ay- 8. [+ [ cost sing 0] { 2x] 4,| = |-sing cose ol] xz la} Loe 0 al-y = 2xycosd + xzsing = 2p’ cos’§ sing + p zcosd sing 4, A, =~ 2xysing + xzcos¢ = -2p" cos sin’ 4 +p zcos”§ A, => y= -pcosp dv = pdb dp dz JAdv = [ff2p° cos’ ¢ d(- cosh )dp dea, + [f]p?zcoso d- cost Jap dea, = 2[ffo” sin? ¢dlsind dp dzay + [[Jozcos" 4 a dp dz ay ~ [fJo? cosy cp dp dea Pa Since Jeosp &=0, J aa= 2% leosal"s Eeteseeete, + tsin2ayfay 1. =0+ 040+ (Nay 6.25 ay sinO cos cos@ cos - sind] { 2xy = |sinOsing cos@sing cos || xz cosd = -sind =o | | -y32 J adv= [ff2r‘ sin’ cos’ 4 d(cost)® ab dra, + [J fr’ sin?@ cos’ 8 cos’ 9 8 dedra, + [fr sin?0 cose sing 8 dh dra, + [Jf 2rsin’@ sin? 4 d(sing a8 ab dra “ff ~ [J fr’ sin? @ cose sing ch oh dra “ff - [[r‘sin?@ cos’@ cos sind dBadbdray [2r/ sin’ 8 cos® sing cos) cd db dray [r‘sin’@ cos? @ cosh a8 db dr ay redid et a = Sb jeos20f J cos0 (- cos’6) da, ht pe hee = 2048 Gptfors 0c - feos! 0a ]a, 3 But Joos « G 5 ny a 2 Since cos40 = 8cos‘@ - 8cos’0- : ; Joos oa = 5+ e 1" cim Iw oe ole NIA wi % faav= 102.4Prob 3.11 24a Vi=A V=B Bt —+ Vi = 244C Att =0, V,V,V.) = (-2,0,5). Hence, B=0, C25 a x=-2t+D —+ yeE qn ets _— z= 1207+ St+ F Al (= 0x=0,y=0,2= 0. Hence, D= 0= E= F 1.20? + 5¢ =-2, y=0,2=6.2. Thus the particle is at x=-2t,y=0, art (241+ S)a34 (c) jy GH IH. 1 a. VH= at ~Fayt a a0" rsind ap 2cosOcoshar~ rsinOcospar- rcosBsingay Prob 3.13 = 208”) cos5za.+ 3e*"*" cosSzay - Se” sinSza: At (0.,-0.2,0-4) 22499) = 992-96 - 0.6703, cosSz= cos2=-0.4161, sindz= 0.9092 VV = 2(0.6073)(-0.4161)a,+ 3(0.6703\-0.4161)a,~ 5(0.6203\0.9092) 8367 ay- 3.047 0.5578 a, (b) VI= Se sind a,+ Se” cosh ay- 10pe™™ sing az At (2,50 2.50) VT= (S\O.5)ay+ S((0.5) ay- 10(2)( 10.866) a: = 25ay+ 25ay~ 17.324 (©) * poe ~Zsind sind 5 , cosd sing r At (1,30°,90°), =20S\I) - , (086\(1) - - - vo- OI), COO a = - 4,4 0866 a Prob 3.14 VS= 2xayt 2ya,- At (13.0),(b) (© VS= 2a,+6a,-a: and a, Qn = 0.3123 a,+ 0.937 a,- 0.1562a- Prob 3.15 0 T= 2xa.t 2ya,- At (11,2), ¥ 7 = (2,2,-1). The mosquito should move in the direction of 2a.+ 2a Prob 3.16 (a) Ve A= ye” + xcosxy- 2xcoszxsinzx af a VxA=|ex dy ez le” sinxy cos’ xz| = (0- 0)a,+ (0+ 2zcosxzsinxz)a, + (ycosxy- xe”) a: = zsin2xza, + (ycosxy- xe” Ja. ,_1¢ ; VeB = —— (p72? cosd) + 0+ sin’g pp” 9) = 2z'cos¢ + sin’ ¢ L p a _ zsin2) - _ 2B, a8, O)ayt a3 pa + fo- Woe FOES y+ 2pzcosd y+ 2’ sing a: a56 (b) (©) =e I - VxC= or sin?0)- 0}a,+ {t0- © (2r' sind) ay ns {2 ( sinoy+ rsinoa +75, 6 sin6)+rsin6 ja, = 4rcos0 d,- 6r sind ay+ sind ay Prob 3.17 (a) ~yaxt 2za,- y* + Haya, 1 HOA) Ay oz * at a ee? = (0- 0)a,+ (p? - 32?) ay+ Sew’ -O)a: = (9? - 32°) ayt 47a. VeVx =O ,._! a cost Vxa= ee sind cosp)a, + [S55 = 72088-6085 I) C086 a ogy = ang 2 Lagiag + 7 C050 ay ot cos a,+ St oot cos0) ae Hence. Ve /f=0 s ao cos® Jag + Lo- Oa,7 Prob 3.19 (a) Ve A= Sua, Wa wa, Lea ev ov =(A, Sven, (4, ae ey a au (b) VeA= 243-421; VV = yzayt x2a,+ xya: Ve A)= WedAt Avy = xyzt Dayzt Byz- 4xyz= 2x yz Prob 3.20 (a) [one nene VxVA=|dx dy dz VA, VA, VA, “15. )- 2m, Ma. hoa, 2 5 A: Ma, fu, )- aw, Ja:eV - vt Fpa)x(Aedy+ A, a+ Aa) (b) 1 | . ; pr sinBcospag 1 Vx(V A= Gt 77 SinOcosOcos¢- 0)a, + tos 73 8inBcos9)ae + 1 dor tsinoya, rer 2cosOcos$- sincos- sind = Ort = tot Sy r r r Prob 3.21 QU, OU, | wu grad Us Gast Goat Soa: = (z-2xy)a, + Sad tale Div gradU = VeVU = Le. 29)+ Zax! =x Lee 2y*2z) = = 2y422?- 29? = u@-y'-y) Prob 3.22 Ving = ~inp)a.+ Geman e Inp)a. a+ a, Pp59 Prob 3.23 Ve=—a, V0 = —ae rsing r rV@ ae sind sin@ we 7. VCS) = Zsin0 ay rve vo=V Tw, V4= 9 x(n Prob 3.24 (a) VV = (6xy+ z)ar+ 3x? ay+ x: VevV= 6y noone VxVV=| ax ay l6xy+2 3x? (6) VV = zcos$ a,~ zsing ay+ pcos 1a VeVV = ~(pzcosd)+ =cos0 + 0= ~coso op ° e VV = re60 (c) PV = Soar eosdsing + OSE ogg sin’ 8) 4 cos si Tragrgeosdsing ! 4 40s) i = 2arcossing + °° _ geosgsing - 12288sind : sin® Ve OV Prob. 3.250 ! (a) ‘ ° (Ver) T= 37 = 6yzay+ Ixy" a,+ 3x°yza, é T ef - - . - . ae pin ot =x (y"ay+ Qyed.)+ y(22d.+ 2xyay+ x20.) + 2(2ya,+ x°ya:) = dyzaet 3xy? ayt 4x°yz © \ Ver(reT) = 3 (2xy24 ay + x°y2?) ‘ = Oxyz+ 3xy? + 3x7 yz? o (reV)r= ods 1De ty'tz?) = x(23)+ yQy) + 2022) ' = 2x? 4 yt 22) = 2r? | Prob. 3.26 a é é (a)Vr" on OT) + Or") oer) where "= (x? + 9° ie61 . ae ae Vets 20565) (x7 + yt 2) +29) D+ tre ret pe +22°G) Gey? enix? ty? tz?) (x? + y+ =nr"+ Sr" = int 3)r” a (Wares = 2yGyate’ + y +2)? =0 Prob. 3.27 (a) Let V= Inr= In fx? +2? veil ty yay % der DEH) Ze wre ae 5, ig, « Haat vant ras F ox oy oz r L Io . &) Levy = A= = ay in spherical coordinates. , 1 4 ld 2 5 a > An = 5 V? (Inr)= 00 Uma 0 A= (Ar = Sn) Prob 3.28 (a) Yertyes = 462) 23). 2 = OP 5 )+ 2G") = 6x + Oy + 62 = (xt V+ (b) n 202 nth - 2265)" tyezy dat...62 3 sin2g+ 5 Cresin29) Pp = Asin2g- = sin2g+ 2psin2¢ a o iB p+ 2p: + 2p)sin2, a a (©) Vi= ne cos@ sing) : 2 VV, = Zur (/+ cos@ sing )] + — cea a sin@ sing )r 1 Se sin’ ‘enor + Frgintg!(- c0sdsing) ind eo = 6(I+ cosdsind)- 7 cosdsing- <== = 6+ 4cosOsing- costing Prob 3.29 @) U= xy’ Age: vues _Grv'e + gy every ae ‘ye ®) = 6xy"e + ax" e+ xtyre™ = (Oxy? + 2x? + x? At (LD, VU =e! (642+ N= 9e= 24.46 b) V = p’z(cosd + sing) vV= 5 fl’ stcos + sind)]- z(cos¢ + sing) + 0 '2(cos + sing) ~ 2(cosé + sind) (cost + sing) At 6.5 2), V*V = -6(0.866 + 0.5)= -8.196(©) W=esinO cos , a, a vin = 5 (-r'e” sind cos$)+ cost 55 (sin0 cos0) ror e”' sin8 cos@ r sin? 0 4 VW = e* sind cosp(I-~) At (1,60° 30°), V?W = e”' sin60cos30(I- 4) = -2.25e! = - 08277 Prob 3.30 (a) ev ev eV WV = art ott BF = 2(y?2z? + x72? + x*y?) (b) VA=V?A, 4,4+V7A,a,+ V7 Aa: = (2y+ 0+ 0)ax+ (0+ 0+ 6xz)a,+ (0- 22” - 2y’)a. = lyay+ 6x2a,- Ay? + 2’)a. grad div A=V(V«A) = V(2xy+0- 2y'2) (d) curl curl A=VxVxA =V(VeA)-V?A From parts (b) and (c), Vix d =64 Prob. 3.31 (a) ffeat= J + fe JoFea 2 For I,y= x dy= de,dl = deast dyay, 1 fm f ae 1 xde= == 4 For 2, y= -x+ 2,dy= -dx,dl = aaa [Far {c x? + 2x?- x4 Dade = 2 For 3, a [Fae Jxrvarl_,=0 ; 1.17 fFedl = -7 + 7540 = (b) VxF=-x'a.; dS= dedy(-a:) Jvx Pyeds= -[fex)dedy = ff (©) Yes zl vy dee *t + Jrcre ng Z 7 x x? dyde + { fedex 7 665 Prob 3.32 (@) foie (lf off off + ff me a rs = ~ [Jp cos? bebe + [[p? cos’ ¢eitdp - Jf 20?2*dbae|, + Jf 2072%dpael ut an = (2) Jap fz'de+ 205)? [ep [z?ate a4 a4 car 1 == 82)G 1) +502RG U1) = 2328, 200% 3 3 Ba LB cay 222y 2 42? (Ye De Spi") = 42 - 126 J+ Dav = [ff4z’pdpde de = 4 [z*dz [pp Ja yo} [a0 56x = 17666 Prob 3.33 Transform F into cylindrical system [* cosp sing olf x° | F,| = ]-sing cosp 0) y? F] | o 0 1| oT ing = p*cos’}+p’sin’6, Fro? e084 + psn’ bys 2z~- pcos’ - 2p cos sin’ + 2p sing cos’ § +p sin’ > = 2pcos’$ + 4p sin’ § - 2p cosd sin’ § + 2p cos” sing + 22 JFeas= [vera Due to the fact that we are integrating sing and cos over 0< 4 < 2n, all terms involving cos} and sing will vanish. Hence, Men 2 JFas= [zz pdpdbde= 2 | ch [raz [pap ano 2 = 22a 50.26 Prob 3.34 @ fAedS= [ve dd, VeA=yezex i (b) Vedas.67 Prob 3.35 (a) Vod=y't3y'+ y= Sy? Jueadv= ff [sy'dcdyd: 1 = sfae [yrayfa » 5000) 1667 a Pees of oN of olf of vee =f fo'dee| + [fpo'arae|,,- [fr'acarl , + [foracde|_,- [fo*zarar| + [fy’sdar|_, ; , = Mn D+ nM MD [)= 1667 (b) , 1a 3zc0sb _,_ 4, , 320086 Ve As 5 (pte) dee Ir oAs Ife? TF eost dba 25 bo = 4fpdp fz | ay + 3 fad Joss ae ear 3 “AQAA + 32Zrsinas = 25n+75sin4S? = 131.57 fAeds= fe [f+ [f+ [f+ ffi4eas It dy t Ist Spt Jy68 tefl Jfsesingdpde|, = 0 = [J 3esingdpad |, «= f AedS= 250+ meee 13157 © VeA= aie “y+ Srsint Ocos¢) =4r¢ —— [0+ Adve [ff4r’ sindoaabdr+ I}? see cos8 cost cid dr = El cosoyfEy 2p fing = sKn)+ 18(0+ Due 0) = a 9= 136.23 G a6 Jaasetlf+ [f+ {f+ fhaas \ Ad ose Since A has no 4 - component. the first two integrals vanish. a2 a? 4m i faas= f Jr'sino ad a | + J JP? sin’ @ cosdra | eo go ro go = 8! ® GC cost) [+ 9(2) sing [ i = a +9 = 136.23 Prob. 3.36 Joy av = 4 4eas (divergence theorem) { where p, = VeA=x'+ y? i aA, x? ' gx 7 A HG | a4 y? ' yp — A 5 CG, : Hence, ' ! 3 2 A= Ge Ga. + G+ Cay Prob. 3.37 . @ yh ab ' t i v x 1 ° da70 | tl d= dpa, + pdbay Aedl= psingdp + p’db Along oa: do = 0, 20, “AedT=0, [iedT=0 , Along 0b: dp=0, p=2, [dedT=0, [ad=4n Along bo: dp=0, $= Hence, 4 AedT= 4n-2 ) a 4 Along ab, = 0,'9=0, Aediz0, faedl=0. Along be, dp=0, Aedi=p'db, Jaedl = fo’ = (2)'(n-0)= 8x i ; Alongcd, dj=0, $=, Avdi=0, [dedi=0 Along da, dp=0, Aedl=p'd, J Aedi= 9 fay = UO-n)=-1 1 5 Hence, fAed/ = 0+ 8240-5 This may be checked by using Stokes’ theorem,n Prob. 3.38 Let y = ¢FedS= y,+y,ty,ty Wit Va ' where V,.Vs.Vys ¥, are the fluxes through the top surface, bottom surface. outer surface (p = 3), and inner surface respectively. 3 For the top surface, dS = pdb dpa:, z FedS = p? z db dz. Hence: +t 190 1 Jovem a|= Oe pa? a0 For the bottom surface, = 0, dS= pdb dp(-az) FadS= Aap dp =0. Hence, y,= 0. For the outer curved surface, p= 3, dS = pdbdzay FedS = p’sing db dz. Hence, 4 2 va = fap’ Jsing ay, = 0 oo For the inner curved surface, p= 2, d5= pd) dz(-a.) Fed8 = p?sing dp dz. Hence, m v= Jao? Jsing ap |, 0 0 “0 190% 190 « y= 0404040 = y= fieds= [vera . 18 10 VeF= pap eh sind) + > ay (eose) + Pp = 3p sing -[veFav = {ll} sing - sing +) pad dpa 4 0402 fae : at Jodo 190 Prob. 3.39 Let B=VxT w= fBedS= [veBav=[vevxTav=0 Prob 3.40 O= —-prsinA(cosd- sing)a.+ (cosg+ sing)a, = r(cos¢- sing)a,+ r(cosg+ sing)a, Q,| [sindcosp sindsing cosa ][Q, Q,|= |cosBcosp cosAsing -sind||Q, Q, -sing cos¢ 0 Sle Q= rsinOa, + rcosOay + ray (a) di= pdba,, p= rsin30°= 2 2= rcos30= V3 = pee 2 fQvdt= | Ip +2 pag= 22) = 4n a (b) Vx Q= cotOa, - 2a» + cos0 ay For S,. dS5= r' sind & doa, Jovx Opes = [r'sing cot0 ab | fw = 4 [de foose d= sx2B (c) qd) ©) For 5; dS=rsin@ddray Jw Qeas= = 2frsind ab dr|, 30" = - 2sin30[rdr fap ao =-4n For S,, dS =r’ sind d Ba, [OQvas= 1° Jsin? 0.08 | now = 8 [dp sin? a 3 x V3 = 45-“Sl 22 For S;, dS5=rsin@ dp dra» [Quas= Jr? sind cosd op dr|, 20 _ tay3 oar 21 2 rene 2 ee VeQ= 5 (sind) + 5 Fp (sindeosd) +0 = 2sin@+ cos@cot@ Jv +Qav = f(2sind+ cosacot 6)" sinddddbdr Pale => .@0) Jets sin 940 4a 3)Check: [V+ Odv = (f, +f, MV x Qyeds x v3 V3 east) = au - 5, (It checks.) Prob. 3.41 Since u= @ xr, Vxu=Vx(a x 7). From Appendix A.10, Vx (Ax B)= A(V © B)- B(V + A)+ (BeV)A- (A0V)B Vxus Vx(oxr) Vx(oxr)= o(Ver)-r(Vea)t(reV)a - (aeV)r =0(3)-0= 26 Alternatively, let x= reoswi, y= rsino¢ = -orsino fa, + orcosotay = -0 yar + Oxay 2 4 3 Vxu=|ax dy 8z/= 20a-= 20 oy ox 0 - I - ie, 6 = 50xU Prob 3.42 Let A= UV V and apply Stokes’ theorem. fJuvvedi= [vx(wr)eds = feu ryass fu WAVY) eds But VAVE' = 0, Hence.Juvvedi= [wuryeds i Hy Similarly, we can show that Jrvuedi= [ovavu)ed5- [WUXVV) ed S i Thus, JUV ed! =-[Ued! Prob. 3.43 Let A=r"r= (x? + y? +27)" (xa.t ya,+za-) By divergence theorem, faeds= [ve Aa -,_0Ax @Ay BAz vea= CA, SM, Oz ax’ ay” az 2 rts Lory cr" = BOF) SOM) Cr") = rh Dat Syat ty? ty err apices yey n ee +e 222s? aya ryrt = Sr" + n(x’ yt = (tn) Thus, fr'rds= [(3+n)r"aV Prob 3.44 (a) | 2 a 2 VxG=| & & & log: 8x? -3| = Nay+ (-1+ Nay+ 16x- 16x)a. = 0 Thus. G is irrotational.16 o 42 fGeds= [¥«Gav VeG= l6y+ 0+ 0= l6y 4 [ffisydcace = 16f af def yay= 1602 y= 8 © y 1 Se Pe Pa 0 2 qT qt G = 7+, 4ne,d°” tne ,d® 227, © 8xe,d° ) Tcos6 = mg79 Hence, _tan@ cos30° = 34 Bred? wae 2 5 12 ne,d'mg g= zi pe a PE. 43 pene! Cee ae . dx. d? C8 (24,4 ay)= mG dat Grae where E, = 200 KV/m z= ctte; Hence, dz a a.)80 At (= 0, (x,9.2)= (00,0) ¢, = 0= ¢, = 6, dk dy dz Also, Gr dd Atr=0 — ? Hence, (x,y) = an (-2,)) ie. 2 I= Il Thus the largest horizontal distance is 80 cm= 0.8m P.E. 4.4 (a) Consider an element of area ds of the disk. The contrhution due to ds = pdbdp is The sum of the contribution along p gives zero. 3 ._ | 7f_zodod = Hef pdb AR Ey sy oP thy? 2eq To hyde? 4 me 207 hy? fring dy 2 = 124) [eva 192 mC Fe (285 p,dS|r- Fr Ee ror Roe fae ee oot hy81 where r-r'= (0.0,10)- (x,y,z) = (-x,-y,10). 7 22 bilo? Cx yl0) 7 nC 36" +y? + 100)"" i : = 108(10~ ‘ufo [aoe + fot i| le clyldedy (x? ae 7+ 1009"? fay? ) (x? + y? + 100)? Gry roo E= 108(10")a. | 2] a 2 2 = - 216(10")a: I [ yl I (x7 + 104"? (7 + a xtyx?+ 104? = - 216(10")a, In| 108 ere 100 2 - 9 = 708, | -2+ 4108 = - 216(10 dase) 108» = ~ 216(10")a.(-7.6202 (10")) E = 16464. mV/m P.E. 4.6 4s2 Pr E- _ 2ne yp . To get a», consider the z= -/ plane. p = v2 a, = a, cos45°- a, sin 45° = Fara) B= OO Layo) ae) = 90%(a,-a,). Hence, B= EBs Es = - 180na,+ 270nay+ 900a,- 90K ay. 2827 a, + 5655ay Vim PE. 4.7 Q = . Pez Firat Fa 30x10? ((04,3)- (0,0.0)] | 10x10" - aor 5 eed o = Do + Dy= = or OA+ Say nC/m? = 5076 ay + 0.05734. nC/m’? PLE. 48 (a) pv=VeD= 4x pv(-1,0,3)= -4 C/m’ ih (6) 42 Q= [pvdv= | | [4xdudyde aad = HIND! 2) (©) Q= 4228 [PE49 Q= fovdv= y = fDeds For 0< rs 10, D,(4ar’) = ff f2r @°)sind ab dra D(4nr’)= anes art Dr 2 Pa, nV/ res aa BVI 410") - z - Bere 22 POD24, 27a = 26 a, Vim 2her) For rs 10, D,(4ar?) = 2nn,', D-yr . 10*(10” E(r=12)= es UGG HD 3.927, KV/m PLE. 4.10 v= Dh Ane gir ral At V(o)=0, C20 Ir rol =I 15,2)- (2-L3))= VIE IF ral=1(-15,2)- (0,4,-2)|= VIB [r- ral=1-1,5,2)- (0,0,0)]= V30 VC15.2)2 ooh Boe C18) 10 6 * S18 30) 36x = 103© ARE yr * If V(06,-8) = Vir = 10) = 2; 0” 22 We cn -25 "Ga? (a) 10°) V,= Si 25 4x 56_ -32.6)- (040.0) = 3929 (b) B 45 Vi= > - 25 = 2.696 yee ts a (0) Vyy = Vg V, = 2.696 - 3929 = - 1.2337 P.E. 4.12 . s i oe @ a [Bedi = [(3x'+ yae+ xdy 2 = [e+ yay | + foo ° (b) dy= -3de 2 Evd] = [(3x?+5~ 3x)de+ x(-3)de Ww a os = [(Gx?- 6x4 S)de = 8-124 10-6 We 12n) —~—585 P.E. 4.13 (a) (00,10) = —4 (r= 10,8 = 0,6 = 0) 100cos0 tne, (10) 10010" 10” 36x -[2cos0a, = sin0ae] yor An( 8a, mV/m (b) A ey 155) 100 cos%(10""?) = — 5 — = nas 0) — WD 100(10"" - 5 (2008+ sin ay) 10? 2 1G GOO = 09a, + 0.7794 ag Vim PLE. 4.14 After Q,, W,=0 = Ov, = —22 _ After Q,, Wa= Ou = FG 00)- O00) _ Ieauo"* dn 0") 5 fa After Q, , W,= OW + Vn) + OM, I -2 (00-1) 0.0.0) * (0-1) 1.0.0) = 3910") } - 18086 P.E. 4.15 After Q,, We= OV Van Vr+ Wy + Vy) + OF, y 3 = ~ 49 10")} ~~ =e a ) een COO) 1(0,0,1)- (1,00) \(0.0,1)- (0,0,- 1) = = 361- Fo 4 +H, = - 39.09- 29.18 nJ = -68.27 nJ Prob. 4.1 (@) - =r -20(10"" {(3,2,1) - (-4,0,0) 7, Fg = £2iGo=Fa) u G2) 40.) 9 5655 Ge) te] Fo,- Fo 564 (2) 40,0)" “ 1 oe = -5746a,~ 16424, + 4.104a, mN Prob 4.2 (a) QC1,-1,0) QG-1,1,0) Q(0,0,0) Q(1,-1,0) QU,1,0)87 92 ((0,0,2)- (0,0,0)) 4% £, ((0.0,2)- (0.0.0) q2 (00, 92 ((0,0,2)- (L- 10) | _4Q * Jue, ((00.2)~ d- io * sme, gQ _ 15(10K10"?) ou tne, 410° /36n) ~ Factoring and dividing by 1.35 yields Ueh2 , a F__ 0.2), 135 8 go! 135(025+ Ga)a: = 1072 a,N (-1,- 1, 2) + git Fe (b) Prob 4.3 (a) E(5,0,6) = = If E. = 0, then 9qQ_1 59Q_ 1 4ne, (82) dn, ly 0, = 29,8. 542 B= GCG = ~ 4G; = -3463 nC (b) F(5,0,6) = q E(5,0,6) If E, = 0, then 42) 4ne,(82)"* 390, tne, (61)°? 0, = -3Q, Q,= -18.7 nC +n€, |(0,0,2)- (11,0) 92 (3,0,5) Iney 2)-UIOI a [(0,0,2)- (-1,1,0)] 464 1(0,0,2)- (-1,1,0)F [0.0,2)- (1,-1.0) 1(0,0,2)- (- 1-10)! 135 C442) G12) gt gs q2 [5,0,6)- (2,0) 41 £5 |(5,0,6) - (2,0, ap * Cn” = 0 B22 nc88 Prob 4.4 ; —_———_—_ —_—> +—-.?2>— + >_> +<——> 1,Q 24 3,3Q For the system to be in equilibrium,g must be negative and Fn=Fu= Fy =!0q__ -30q An(d-x) 4nx or that is, 3(d~ x)’ = x? 2x? - 6dx+ 3d? = 0 6d+ 36d? - 24d? 6didVi2 xe SAENIGd'~ 24d" Gdt dl? 4 4 x= 323 = 4732m, 1268 m Prob 4.5 4 5 (@) — Q= Jo,dt= Jax’de = 4x’ |mC=05C o o — 4 24 O= Josds= J foz?pdpde | = 9(2)— {nc (b) 280 $00 ps3 3o = 1.206 ~C O= foav = we 7 sin@d0d¢ dr eon he 2 © = 10 fap [do fre = 102m) = 157.91 C Prob. 4.6 2. Jo.dl=p, far= 5p, = 10 mC ©, = JosdS = ps fas = 05 [Jods dp foo 2 = os {edo fa a St on0 = 0(8\(5) = 20 mC = 62.83 mC89 pdlR . WFeew? § U= bs R= (5O0)- (0,9.0)= Sax ~ yay _ t Sau- yay Ea Wears 25)" 20") Feo Taday [54424 4 i Pewee = 18(10°)[k, at ky ay) e ay SQL | L where k,= [ —@7- ~ es - OMIA | Ge asl here k, = j ee t Ld. oosass wl oe’ = - - ee te 0 ees ea y+ 2s VES E= ~2543a.+ 1054a, mV/m Prob. 4.8 . pdSR E= Pa ii A= pabdp; R= yp? +h? 0 R= -pay+ ha: _ Ps joeces hte pdb dp prey yf tpi todd ~ 4x10" /36n) tl Le Tepyeaet | J @uaryee) pd. ah = 600 Fat pa eT] epee |90 and Its aaa - 0.1068 (>) The result is the same as that in (a) except that instead of ” w a” f=, wenowhave f sind =-cos¢'| =/ wo 2 +0 0 That is, we replace /2 by I E= 45(10°) (-k, a,+ hk,a:] = 4806 a,+ 18 a. mV/m Prob 4.9 3 aS=padbdp, r=Jp+h = [ose aye : ue 4ne or? p I 1 (pdbdp) ® ao 2 I Jas J dt Po ip Fae, ! (PP +H? tney 5 ty (P? +h) 2 < = Fanos PHIL, = Ltincas Yo?e A )- inh ; ATE, = she 2, h1 Prob. 4.10 (a) (b) -aa,+ ha: adb(- aa,+ ha: (aes hy? “0 Due to symmetry, the p component varies. p,a(2nh)a, _p, aha; a=2, h=3,p,=5pC/m D= Since the ring is placed in x = 0, a. becomes a, _ 26\(S)ax 244 9? & = 964 a, wC/m? Dp = 2.1800- 0-30) 2 13.00 2* 4 1(3,0.0)- (0,-3.0) * 4 1(3,0,0)-(0. 2030) 2G-30) 69 * 4m8y? * 4x18? * 4x(18)? ,0)] 0)? D= Dut Do=0 6 6Q a6ac10"*)+ Fars 0 Q= = 064(42y18"?)10°* 2 = -10292 Prob. 4.11 Due to symmetry, £ has onlyz~ component given by dE_ = dE cosa psdrdy h © Frege? + yh) P+ yt hy? ph tf dxdy t= lea oer re lay = Psh Is yde } ey A(X th x+y thy? 4 ost | bde Mey (x Hh Yr + bt hy? By changing variables, we finally obtain | = 36(10”)(0.0878 radians) a; = 3161 4V/m . = ab neg” [habe hy? Prob 4.12 E= E,+ Eyt Es = 2. © Greer" Daeyp tee CLD- (41-3) ie 210") { (LD) = (10,0) 10? (i LD- 4-3P ILD- (.0.0)F "Ge = (-0.0216,0,0.0288) + (0,18,18) - 90(0,0,1) = -0.0216a.+ 18a,-2647a. Vim Sug" y- 4Prob 4.13 X=2 PL pe Psg , Peg Eom + ep? p= (0,0,0)- (3,0,-1)= - 3a. +a. 40") 20110") — (-3a,+4a-) ae (@)* F107 136%) (9+ D 210 /36n) = 72na,+ 36(-3a, + a.) 5(36) ((2n- 3)a,+ a.] mN Prob 4.14 p-y Be) Br an\(r- rat 2 {A dn (2,2,0)) | 2{(0,0,0) - (-2,-2,0)] + [(0,0,6) - (-2,2,0)) 2.0)" ~ 1(0,0,0)- Oy" * (0.0,6)- 2.2.0)" ((0,0.6) - (2,-2.0) _ © 1(0,0,6)- (2,-2.0)? 15 {2-2-26) 202,26) | 202-2,6) _ 21-2,26) an eg se pg? 15 ye (-4- 12.0) uCim? © ta(44)94 —_—_— Prob 4.15 ‘ Let Q, be located at the origin. At the spherical surface of radius r, ! Q,= 4 DedS= ¢ E(4r’) if or E= 25a, by Gauss's law. dner If a second charge Q, is placed on the spherical surface, Q, experiences a force: F-0,6- 22.4, dner’ which is Columb's law. Prob. 4.16 @) ~ OD, 8D, aD. ; ' = = ty = / py= VeD= he eee by C/m | () i py=Ve d= 126" sing)+— Sy epeost) + 2 2 (23%) = 2sing-2sinp+4z= 4z C/m’ ! © ’ ~ 102 1a. t P= VeD= aoe sno it a) i = 0088+ a Prob 4.17 @ D=«, (E) = 10° eee +x? ay) D= 884 xya,+ 884x? dy pC/m’ (b)95 Let f(x,y)=x+2y-5, Vf =axt 2a, p,- 610") (at 2a 9 "= 200773682) «VS = -1517 a,- 3035a, V/m | Prob 4.19 Ten e qT a W= >| Dav = Je, JP av ms 2eW = [[f(4y + [6x*y’ + Ddedyde 224 2 2 4 a ag = 4 Jae fy'dy Jae +16 | x’de | y’dy J dee [ae [oy far i 1 elle nO ys nl = Bel ase) reel = 4)75L + 161) + ANS) = 372 + 43556 +45 = 852.56 1 Thus, = aT 56) = 56 = 5.357 3107 1362) 87°) 853.56 = 5.357 kI96 Prob 4.20 (a) 12D, aD. p0o* oz pre 4+ hae (z+ cos} +0 pe = 3(z+ Deosh pC/m? p= 01 D= 1200, ,) + Qnc = fovav= fff 3(z+ Neos pad ae w (b) ~ soap ern af cospd) = 305+ 2 Gosing [) = 6(8+ NI-0)= 72uC © Let = Vi t¥st¥stWstWs= fDeds (in the figure below) respectively. where V), V2 Was Was W5 tespectively correspond witn surfaces S,,S,,S,,S,,S,97 For S, p = 2,d5= pdsdzap 4 ” wie ff2pce+ Noose | = 2(2)f(z+ de foosoap 3 3 = 4121) = 48 .dS = pabdp(-a:) 2 2=~ fp? cos pab dp = - [pap feosody aa = tas “4 For S, z= 1,dS=pagdpaz, y,=+4 For S,,d= 1/2, d5= dpdzab 2 4 vse ffpce= sing dpael, = 11 fodp [(e+ Dede 28 °? ae ail (12) = ~(2)(12) = -24 For Sj, d= 0,dS~= dpds(-ay),vs= [[o(e+ Dsind dpde| = 0 wy = 48-44 4-24+0= 24uC Prob. 4.2198 FeeE __e | 3e Pox RR 4nR dn Py O D=0 For /2, y= D,(2xp L) One = 8% Lp’ f= 56nL 56x L= D,(2np L) 28 ° ae odOp2 p Prob 4.24 | @ \ V=Qye at r=2 5 10). | Qn = Joy dV = Jf Fr? sind dr ap 1 = 10 f fsinoa 150 420 020 | = 10(2) (2x) (2) = (80 x) mC Thus, y = 2513 mC t At r= 6; too Qn = 10 Jar fede [sind 00 a0 = 10 (4\(2n) (2) = 160% y = 5026 mC ‘ (b) BES i V = Qane ' 4DedS= D,fdS = D,(4nr*) Lom Que = 10 fdr dp Jsino ao fo 0 eo Que= 10 (I)(2n) (2) = 40% | Thus, 40n D= 10a, nCim