LIFT AND ESCALATOR MOTOR SIZING :

To calculate the size of a motor two methods can be used:

1. Steady state method

2. Dynamic method.

The steady state method ensures that the motor can move the out of balance masses at the required
steady state speed. The dynamic method ensures that the motor can accelerate (and possibly
decelerate) the masses up to the required rated speed at the necessary rate (i.e., required acceleration).

In lifts, both methods are usually used, due to the fact that one of the important performance criteria
for a lift is that it is able to accelerate and decelerate in the required time. The steady state method is
used to check the necessary power rating of the motor. As an additional check the dynamic method is
used to ensure that the torque rating of the motor is sufficient to accelerate the motor in the necessary
time.

In escalators on the other hand, and due to the fact that escalators do not start and stop as frequently
as lifts do, the only method usually used is the steady state method.

The formula for sizing the motor for a lift is as follows:

P × 75 × 9.81 × s × (1−CP)
M= η

Where: P is the rated passenger number in the car;

75 stand for 75 kg/passengers;

9.81 is the acceleration due to gravity;

s is the rated top speed;

CF is the counterweight factor (a factor less than 1);

η is the total efficiency of the installation (taken around 85%).

For a hydraulic lift, the same formula can be used by replacing CF by -1.

The counterweight ratio is important, and accounts for the fact that if the counterweight ratio is less
than 50%, then the worst case scenario would be for a full car moving upwards. For example, if the
counterweight ratio is only 40%, then when the car is full, only 40% weight of the passengers is
compensated for by the weight of the counterweight, and the motor has to provide enough torque to
lift the other 60%. Using a counterweight ratio of 40% is quite common. This is in recognition of the fact
that the car rarely fills up to more than 80% of its rated load.
Reference:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276949903_Lift_and_Escalator_Motor_Sizing_with_Calculati
ons_and_Examples

https://platformliftco.co.uk/news-pr/traction-versus-hydraulic-lifts-advantages-and-disadvantages

Fastest Elevator List:

https://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-20616-burj-khalifa-has-worlds-third-fastest-elevator
PERCENTAGE OF ENERGY COSTS OF A BUILDING

Motor efficiency = output mechanical power/ input electrical power Input electrical power

= 3 x V x I x cos

...where

V is the line voltage (usually 415 V)

I is the line current and  is the phase angle.

Output mechanical power (Watts) =  x n ...where n is speed in radians per second  is

torque in Newton.metres 2 There are different estimates for the percentage energy dissipation of
lifts as a percentage of the energy consumption of the whole building (5-15% of the total costs,
depending on what other services are running in the building). KONE estimates it at 5-10%,
whereas Schroeder (1987, p 189) estimates it at 15% of the total building electric energy
consumption (assuming no air conditioning or oil heating). Moreover, Schroeder (1986, p189)
also estimates it at 1% of the total cost of the rental of the office space.

Passenger Elevator

Observation Elevator

Villa Elevator

Bed Elevator

Freight Elevator

Car Elevator