NAME : MUHAMMAD FAKHRURRAZI BIN

RIDUAN
CLASS : 203
SUBJECT : SCIENCE
 PART I:
EFFECTS OF DEFICIENCY IN VITAMIN AND
MINERAL ON HEALTH

i. NIGHT BLINDNESS

TYPE OF DEFICIENCY: Vitamin A

CAUSE: Low intake of vitamin A
SYMPTOMS: Poor vision at dark places.
HOW TO AVOID: Eat more food which are
high in Vitamin A
ii. BERI BERI

TYPE OF DEFICIENCY: Vitamin B1

CAUSE: Low intake of vitamin B1
SYMPTOMS: Leg swelling, numbness, pain
HOW TO AVOID: Increase the intake of
vitamin B1

iii. PELLAGRA

TYPE OF DEFICIENCY: Vitamin B3

CAUSE: Low intake of vitamin B3
SYMPTOMS: Inflammation of the skin, diarrhea
HOW TO AVOID: Eat more food with vitamin B3
iv. ANAEMIA

TYPE OF DEFICIENCY: Iron

CAUSE: Low intake of iron
SYMPTOMS: Tiredness, shortness of breath, dry nails
HOW TO AVOID: Increase the intake of meat and
cereals.

v. GOITRE

TYPE OF DEFICIENCY: Iodine

CAUSE: Low intake of Iodine
SYMPTOMS: Weight gain, constipation, lethargy
HOW TO AVOID: Eat more food with Iodine
vi. SCURVY

TYPE OF DEFICIENCY: Vitamin C

CAUSE: Low intake of vitamin C
SYMPTOMS: Lethargy, fatigue, bleeding in the gums
HOW TO AVOID: Eat more fruits and vegetables

vii. RICKETS

TYPE OF DEFICIENCY: Vitamin D

CAUSE: Low intake of vitamin D
SYMPTOMS: Bowed legs, stunted bones, weak bones
HOW TO AVOID: Increase the intake of vitamin D
viii. OSTEOMALACIA

TYPE OF DEFICIENCY: Vitamin D

CAUSE: Low intake of vitamin D
SYMPTOMS: Soft bones, bone pain, bending bones
HOW TO AVOID: Increase the intake of vitamin D

ix. PROLONGED BLEEDING

TYPE OF DEFICIENCY: Vitamin K

CAUSE: Low intake of vitamin K
SYMPTOMS: Takes long time for blood clotting
HOW TO AVOID: Eat more food with high vitamin K
content
x. INFERTILITY

TYPE OF DEFICIENCY: Vitamin E

CAUSE: Low intake of vitamin E
SYMPTOMS: Inability to become pregnant
HOW TO AVOID: Eat more food with whole grain and
wheat germs

xi. OSTEOPOROSIS

TYPE OF DEFICIENCY: Calcium

CAUSE: Low intake of calcium
SYMPTOMS: Increased risk of bone fracture
HOW TO AVOID: Increase the intake of food high in
calcium such as milk, cheese, and eggs
xii. MUSCULAR CRAMPS

TYPE OF DEFICIENCY: Sodium

CAUSE: Low intake of sodium
SYMPTOMS: Can see a hard lump of muscle tissue
under the skin
HOW TO AVOID: Increase the intake of food like
table salt and cheese

xiii. CONSTIPATION

TYPE OF DEFICIENCY : Fibre

CAUSE : Low intake of fibre
SYMPTOMS : Hard and small faeces
HOW TO AVOID : Eat more fibre
xiv. HAEMORRHOIDS

TYPE OF DEFICIENCY : Fibre

CAUSE : Low intake of fibre
SYMPTOMS : Pain, bleeding, itching in the rectum or
anus
HOW TO AVOID : Increase the intake of fibre

xv. COLON CANCER

TYPE OF DEFICIENCY : Fibre

CAUSE : Low intake of fibre
SYMPTOMS : Rectal bleeding or blood
HOW TO AVOID : Eat more fibre

PART II :
 EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVE INTAKE IN
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS ON HEALTH
i. KWASHIORKOR

TYPE OF EXCESSIVE NUTRIENT :

CAUSE :
SYMPTOMS : enlarged liver, thinning hair, loss of
teeth
HOW TO AVOID :

ii. MARASMUS

TYPE OF EXCESSIVE NUTRIENT :

CAUSE :
SYMPTOMS : shrunken, wasted appearance
HOW TO AVOID :

iii. OBESITY
TYPE OF EXCESSIVE NUTRIENT : Fats
CAUSE : Excessive intake of fats
SYMPTOMS : Excessive fats
HOW TO AVOID : Eat a balanced diet everyday

iv. DIABETES MELLITUS

TYPE OF EXCESSIVE NUTRIENT : Carbohydrates

CAUSE : Excessive intake of glucose
SYMPTOMS : Weight loss, increased urination, thirst and
hunger
HOW TO AVOID : Decrease the intake of sugary food
 v. DENTAL CARIES

TYPE OF EXCESSIVE NUTRIENT : Carbohydrates

CAUSE : Excessive intake of glucose
SYMPTOMS : Pain, tooth loss, eating difficulties
HOW TO AVOID : Decrease the intake of sugary food

vi. ATHEROSCLEROSIS

TYPE OF EXCESSIVE NUTRIENT : Fats / Calcium

CAUSE : Excessive intake of fats and calcium
SYMPTOMS : Plaque made from from fats and calcium
on the arteries wall
HOW TO AVOID : Decrease the intake of fats and
calcium
vii. HYPERTENSION

TYPE OF EXCESSIVE NUTRIENT : Sodium / Fats

CAUSE : Excessive intake of sodium and fats
SYMPTOMS : Headaches
HOW TO AVOID : Eat less salt and fat

viii. GOUT

TYPE OF EXCESSIVE NUTRIENT : Protein

CAUSE : Excessive intake of protein
SYMPTOMS : Joint pain, swelling, redness
HOW TO AVOID : Avoid eating excessive protein
ix. KIDNEY STONES

TYPE OF EXCESSIVE NUTRIENT : Calcium

CAUSE : Excessive intake of calcium
SYMPTOMS : Pain on urinating, nausea and vomiting
HOW TO AVOID : Decrease the intake of calcium
oxalate

x. LIVER DAMAGE

TYPE OF EXCESSIVE NUTRIENT : Fats / Sodium

CAUSE : Excessive intake of fats and salt
SYMPTOMS : Nausea and vomiting, itchy skin, dark
urine colour
HOW TO AVOID : Increase the intake of
carbohydrates and decrease the
intake of protein, fats and salt
xi. HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

TYPE OF EXCESSIVE NUTRIENT : Fats / Sodium

CAUSE : Excessive intake of fats and salts
SYMPTOMS : Headache, nausea, breathlessness,
nose bleeding
HOW TO AVOID : Decrease the intake of fats and
salts
 PART III :
EATING HABITS AND HEALTH PROBLEMS
i. GASTRIC

TYPE OF HEALTH PROBLEM : Alcohol, fats and salt

CAUSE : Consuming to much alcohol and eating
food high in fat and salt content
SYMPTOMS : Upper abdominal pain, vomiting, bloating
HOW TO AVOID : Avoid eating high fat and salt diet and
avoid alcohol consumption

ii. OBESITY

TYPE OF HEALTH PROBLEM : Excessive food

CAUSE : Consuming excessive food and lack of exercise
SYMPTOMS : Excessive fats and lack in stamina
HOW TO AVOID : Eat a balanced diet and exercise
frequently
iii. HEART ATTACK

TYPE OF HEALTH PROBLEM : Saturated fats / High

cholesterol levels
CAUSE : Excessive saturated fats and high cholesterol
level increases the chances of blood clotting in
the arteries
SYMPTOMS : Coughing, nausea, crushing chest pain
HOW TO AVOID : Eat a more balanced diet

iv. ANOREXIA NERVOSA

TYPE OF HEALTH PROBLEM : Not enough food

CAUSE : Fear of gaining weight even if he/she is
underweight
SYMPTOMS : Low weight, food restriction
HOW TO AVOID : Cognitive behavioral therapy and
hospitalization to restore fat
vi. BULIMIA

TYPE OF HEALTH PROBLEM : Not enough food

CAUSE : Excessive eating followed by purging or
vomiting
SYMPTOMS : Eating a large amount of food and
then vomiting or the use of laxatives
HOW TO AVOID : Cognitive behavioral therapy