KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA

SAMBALPUR

SCIENCE PROJECT
SESSION 2016-17
TOPIC- FISHES
MADE BY –PUJARANI BEHERA
CLASS- IX- C
ROLL NO- 16
GUIDED BY-
S.S.BHOI SIR
PISCES [Fishes]
CLASSIFICATION
 Kingdom-: Animalia
 Phylum-: Chordata
 Sub Phylum-: Vertebrata
 Classes- : Chondrichthyes and
Osteichthyes
About fishes
A fish is any member of a paraphyletic group of
organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic animals
that lack limbs with
digits. Most fish are ectothermic ("cold-blooded"),
allowing their body temperatures to vary as ambient
temperatures change, though some of the large active
swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold a higher
core temperature. There are 24000 different species of
are found in the earth.
Study of fishes is called “Icthyology”
FISHES ARE DIVIDED INTO TWO TYPES-:
1.Osteichthyes [Bony Fish]
2.Chondrichthyes [Cartilaginous Fish]
Osteichthyes [Bony Fish]
Bony fish (Scientific name-Osteichthyes) are fish that
have a skeleton made of bone. They also have teeth that
are fixed into the upper jaw. They have a swim bladder
that opens into the gullet. They do not have to swim to
push water through the gills.
Bony fish are often divided into two groups - the Ray-
finned fish which contain most species of fish and the
very small group of Lobe-finned fish. The fins of these
fish have jointed, bony rays that support them.
These fish have large eyes and no internal nostrils.
They have a swim bladder that opens into the gullet.
Bony fish can be omnivores, carnivores,herbivores or
detrivores. The ocean sunfish is the largest bony fish and
the longest is the oarfish. Specimens of ocean sunfish
have been observed up to 3.3 metres in length and
weighing over 2,300 kilograms.
E.g- Labeo Rohita and Sea horse.
Chondrichthyes [Cartilaginous Fish]
Cartilaginous fish (scientific name-
Chondrichthyes) have a skeleton made from
cartilage instead of bone.Cartilage is tough and
flexible and provides enough structural support to
allow these fish to grow to very large sizes.
Cartilaginous fish include sharks, rays, skates and
chimaeras. There are approximately 600 different
species of rays and skates and about 500 shark
species. Rays and skates live in oceans throughout
the world. Most rays and skates live on the bottom
of the ocean while Some live in open water. Some
rays also live in freshwater.
The manta ray (Manta birostris) feeds on plankton
and small fish is the largest ray reaching up to 9
metres in width and can weigh several tonnes.
The mouth, nostrils and gill slits of skates and
rays are always found on the underside of the fish,
with the eyes and spiracles on the upper side. Many
species also have spines and thorns on the upper
surface and tail. Like sharks, it is easy to distinguish
mature males as they have a pair of claspers
beneath the pelvic fins. These are absent in females.
 SOME AMAZING FACTS ON FISHES
1. Most fish reproduce by laying eggs, though
some fish, such as great white sharks, give
birth to live babies called pups.
2. The largest fish is the great whale shark
which can reach fifty feet in length.
3. The smallest fish is the Philippine goby that is
less than 1/3 of an inch when fully grown.
4. Starfish are not fish. Neither are jellyfish.
5. Catfish have over 27,000 taste buds. Humans
have around 7,000.
6. Sharks are the only fish that have eyelids.
7. Most fish have taste buds all over their body.
8. The fastest fish is the sailfish. It can swim as
fast as a car travels on the highway.
9. Anableps, four-eyed fish, can see above and
below water at the same time.
10. A seahorse can move each of its eyes
separately. One eye can look forward while
the other looks backward. Seahorses can also
change their color to match their
surroundings.

…….. THE END………

 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BONY FISH
AND CARTILAGINOUS FISH

BONY FISH CARTILAGINOUS FISH

Bony endoskeleton. Cartilaginous
endoskeleton.
Four pairs of gills 5-7 pairs of gills slits
slits occur. These are are present and
covered by operculum is absent.
operculum.
Mouth is terminal in Mouth is ventral in
position. position.
Caudal fin is Caudal fin is
homocercal. heterocercal.
Air or swim bladder Air or swim bladder is
is usually present. absent.
E.g- Labeo Rohita E.g- Scoliodon and
and Sea horse. Torpedo.